scholarly journals The "Ly-1 B" cell subpopulation in normal immunodefective, and autoimmune mice.

1983 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hayakawa ◽  
R R Hardy ◽  
D R Parks ◽  
L A Herzenberg
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Normal Mouse ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cell Surface Molecules ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Small Subpopulation

A small subpopulation of normal murine splenic B cells carrying all of the classic B cells markers (IgM, IgD, Ia, and ThB) also carries Ly-1, one of the major T cell surface molecules. This "Ly-1 B" subpopulation (identified and characterized by multiparameter FACS analyses) consists of relatively large, high IgM/low-IgD/low-Ly-1 lymphocytes that represent approximately 2% of the spleen cells in normal animals and, generally, 5-10% of spleen cells in NZB mice. Ly-1 B are clearly detectable in all normal mouse strains tested as well as NZB, CBA/N, other X-id mice and nude (nu/nu) mice. They are found primarily in the spleen; are either absent or very poorly represented in lymph node, bone marrow, and thymus; appear early during ontogeny, and comprise about a third of the small number of lymphocytes present in 5-d-old mice. NZB and (NZB x NZW)F1 mice have more Ly-1 B than all other strains and, furthermore, have a unique Ly-1 B population that secretes IgM when cultured under usual conditions in the absence of added antigen. The IgM secretion by these Ly-1 B cells accounts for the previously reported "spontaneous" IgM secretion by NZB spleen cells in culture. Studies with FACS-sorted cells show that the presence of Ly-1 on these IgM-secreting cells distinguishes them from the (Ly-1 negative) IgM-secreting "direct" plaque-forming cells generated in NZB mice after stimulation with sheep erythrocytes.

scholarly journals Isotypic and allotypic specificity of mouse rheumatoid factors.

1983 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 1006-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Van Snick ◽  
V Stassin ◽  
B de Lestré
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Igg Subclass ◽  
Rheumatoid Factors ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Polyclonal Activation ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Reactive Antibody

The specificity of polyclonal mouse rheumatoid factors (RF) was analyzed by competition experiments with heat-aggregated mouse IgG subclasses. The RF spontaneously produced by three normal mouse strains (129/Sv, CBA/Ht, and C57Bl/6) and by two strains with autoimmune diseases (MRL/l and NZB) were found to consist of distinct non-cross-reactive antibody subpopulations each specific for one IgG subclass. The sera of the normal strains contained IgG1- and IgG2a-specific RF. The autoimmune strains produced an additional variety of RF that was specific for The autoimmune strains produced an additional variety of RF that was specific for IgG2b. Also, the RF secreted by spleen cells of various normal strains after in vitro polyclonal activation with lipopolysaccharide could be resolved into distinct subpopulations specific for IgG1 or IgG2a. These results were confirmed by the analysis of monoclonal RF derived from BALB/c, C57Bl/6, CBA/Ht, and 129/Sv mice: of 73 hybridomas with RF activity, 71 displayed a strict subclass specificity. The subclass predominantly recognized depended on the origin of the spleen cells used to generate the hybridomas. After polyclonal activation in vitro, a broad spectrum of different specificities was obtained with 16 RF specific for IgG1, 13 for IgG2a, and 4 for IgG2b. In contrast, 27 of 28 monoclonal RF derived from 129/Sv and BALB/c mice without prior polyclonal activation were specific for IgG2a, and of these 75% were allotype specific since they failed to react with IgG2a of the b allotype. These results demonstrate the importance of subclass specificity in the production of RF in vivo. With the exception of the IgG2b-specific clones, all these monoclonal RF reacted preferentially with heat-aggregated or antigen-bound IgG. Among the hybridomas generated by the fusion of in vitro polyclonally activated spleen cells of 4-wk-old mice, the frequency of clones with RF activity was at least 40 times higher than that of clones specific for mouse IgM, human IgG, ovalbumin, and hen lysozyme.

scholarly journals Evidence that Lyb-2 is critical to specific activation of B cells before they become responsive to T cell and other signals.

1982 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 1309-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Yakura ◽  
F W Shen ◽  
E Bourcet ◽  
E A Boyse
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Cell Surface Molecules ◽  
Subsequent Generation ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Soluble Factors ◽  
Surface Molecules

The generation of plaque-forming cells (PFC) to T-dependent antigen, but not to T-independent antigen, is reduced in vitro by Lyb-2 antibody. Monoclonal Lyb-2 antibody, added to Mishell-Dutton cultures within the first 2 d, but not later, greatly reduces the generation of alpha-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) PFC from T-depleted spleen cells whether help is provided in the form of intact T cells or as soluble factors contained in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) supernatants. Generation of alpha-SRBC PFC from purified B cells, assisted by soluble factors in MLC and macrophage (P388D.1 cell) supernatants, is similarly reduced by Lyb-2 antibody. The initial 2-d period, during which cultures are diminishingly sensitive to reduction of PFC generation by Lyb-2 antibody, is not affected by the time at which such soluble factors are added. Thus, Lyb-2 cell surface molecules evidently do not function as receptors for these differentiative signals. Reduction of PFC generation by Lyb-2 antibody is antigen dependent in the sense that reduction of the PFC response to one antigen (SRBC) does not affect subsequent generation of PFC to a second antigen (horse erythrocytes) from the same cell population. These findings accord with the view that the Lyb-2 molecule participates in a B cell differentiative phase, probably proliferative, which begins with binding of antigen and precedes the phase in which B cells become fully receptive to signals from T and other cells.

scholarly journals Immunologic properties of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). II. The unresponsiveness of C3H/HeJ Mouse spleen cells to LPS-induced mitogenesis is dependent on the method used to extract LPS.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 1488-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Skidmore ◽  
D C Morrison ◽  
J M Chiller ◽  
W O Weigle
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Mouse Strain ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Mitogenic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Destructive Effect

The C3H/HeJ mouse strain, previously shown to be a nonresponder to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitogenesis in vitro, was demonstrated by the present studies to be competent to respond mitogenically to LPS, but only to LPS preparations obtained by selected extraction methods. These preparations appear to be confined to LPS isolated by mild extraction techniques, such as TCA or butanol. In contrast, those obtained by techniques utilizing phenol were only weakly stimulatory or completely nonstimulatory for spleen cells from the C3H/HeJ. All LPS preparations tested, on the other hand, were highly stimulatory for cells from another mouse strain, namely the C3H/St. The critical importance of the method of extraction of LPS on its mitogenic activity for C3H/HeJ cells was stressed by experiments in which LPS was prepared from Escherichia coli K235 using either of two procedures. In these experiments, phenol-extracted LPS, although mitogenic in the C3H/St, was completely nonstimulatory in the C3H/HeJ; whereas, butanol-extracted LPS was highly stimulatory in both strains of mice. This striking difference was attributed to a destructive effect of phenol on LPS, as demonstrated by the fact that treatment of butanol LPS with phenol resulted in a total loss of its mitogenic activity in the C3H/HeJ, but in only a partial loss in the C3H/St. In general, the mitogenic response observed with selected LPS preparations in the C3H/HeJ was quantitatively lower and more transient than that seen with the C3H/St, although qualitatively these responses appeared to be similar. This was evidenced by the observation that in both mouse strains LPS was a specific mitogen for B cells, a property which was also attributed in both strains to the same distinct structural region of the LPS molecule, that is lipid A. A preparation of LPS that failed to stimulate B cells from the C3H/HeJ nonetheless had the capacity to block activation of these B cells by a stimulatory preparation of LPS. These results strongly suggest that mitogenic stimulation of B cells by LPS is a function of the structural integrity of both the LPS molecule and putative B-cell receptors for LPS.

scholarly journals Studies on the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. III. Development of a monoclonal antibody with specificity for autoreactive T cells.

1983 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 1307-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
P B Hausman ◽  
C E Moody ◽  
J B Innes ◽  
J J Gibbons ◽  
M E Weksler
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Proliferative Response ◽  
Normal Mouse ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Autoreactive T Cells

Monoclonal antibodies with specificity for autoreactive murine T cells have been developed. These antibodies inhibit proliferative response of splenic T cells activated by syngeneic spleen cells. These antibodies have no effect on the proliferative response of T cells activated by allogeneic spleen cells or PHA. The number of splenic T cells that react with these monoclonal antibodies is comparable in several normal mouse strains.

scholarly journals Identification of soluble Fc receptors in mouse serum and the conditioned medium of stimulated B cells.

1984 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 1836-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Pure ◽  
C J Durie ◽  
C K Summerill ◽  
J C Unkeless
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Normal Mouse ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Murine Spleen ◽  
Soluble Molecule ◽  
Lps Activation

We have evaluated the expression of surface Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine spleen cells, the release of soluble Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R by activated spleen cells, and the presence of circulating Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R in mouse serum. LPS activation of murine spleen cells and a cloned B cell line, BCL-1 CW 13.20-3B3, resulted in a 5-10-fold increase in surface Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R and the concominant appearance in the culture medium of a soluble molecule that is antigenically related to the Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R. The increase in cell-associated and soluble Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R after LPS activation is attributable primarily to B cells. Circulating Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R was also detected in normal mouse serum at a concentration of 10(-9) to 10(-8) M. Levels of circulating Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R increase with the age of the animals, and were low in adult germ-free mice and elevated in young mice with certain autoimmune diseases. The circulating Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R bound to IgG-Sepharose, and was partially purified by affinity chromatography on 2.4G2 Fab-Sepharose. After radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation with rabbit anti-Fc gamma 2b/gamma 1R serum, one component of Mr 48,000, was detected.

scholarly journals Antigen-induced co-capping of IgM and IgD-like receptors on murine B cells.

1976 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
J W Goding ◽  
J E Layton
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Neonatal Mice ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Surface Immunoglobulins ◽  
Old Mice

Double fluorescence studies indicated that most mature lymphocytes of 11-52-wk-old mice possess both IgM and IgD-like surface immunoglobulins, while spleen cells from neonatal mice possess surface IgM only. These molecules cap independently with class-specific antisera, but co-cap when capping is induced by antigen. It is proposed that the two heavy chains on individual lymphocytes possess similar or identical antigen-combining sites.

scholarly journals Immunophenotypic Analysis of B Lymphocytes in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Identification of CD23 as a Useful Marker in the Definition of the Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Patuzzo ◽  
Filippo Mazzi ◽  
Antonio Vella ◽  
Riccardo Ortolani ◽  
Alessandro Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Common Variable Immunodeficiency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cell Surface Molecules ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Variable

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by the failure of B lymphocytes differentiation leading to deficient immunoglobulins secretion. The identified genetic defects account only for a minority of cases. The importance of B cells immunophenotyping in the classification of CVID is known. This procedure can identify alterations on the cell surface molecules expression that could explain some immunological disorders characteristic of CVID. Moreover, some immunophenotypical aspects can correlate with clinical features of the disease. We used this procedure to analyze a cohort of 23 patients affected by CVID, in order to identify the novel alterations of B cells and to find the possible correlations with clinical features. Circulating B cells were studied by flow cytometry incubating whole blood with specific antibodies for B cell surface molecules including CD27, IgM, IgD, CD21, and CD23. We compared the population of “switched memory” IgD− CD27+ B lymphocytes with the population of “switched memory” IgM− IgD− CD23− CD27+ B cells. These last B cells were reduced in patients compared to healthy controls; moreover, IgM− IgD− CD23− CD27+ B cells were lower than IgD− CD27+ B cells in patients with CVID. The reduction of this subset of B lymphocytes correlates more tightly than IgD− CD27+ B cells with lymphadenopathy and airways infections. In conclusion, our findings may help in better identifying patients with CVID.

scholarly journals Effects of anti-Ia sera on mitogenic responses. II. Differential expression of the Ia marker on phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A-reactive T cells.

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Niederhuber ◽  
J A Frelinger ◽  
M S Dine ◽  
P Shoffner ◽  
E Dugan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Con A ◽  
Membrane Antigens ◽  
Rabbit Complement

Genes mapping in the I region of the H-2 complex control a system of lymphocyte alloantigens (Ia) which are expressed on a subpopulation of T cells and on most B cells. Specific anti-Ia serum in the presence of rabbit complement removed the splenic T-cell subpopulation responsive to Con-A, but did not affect the response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or Leucoagglutinin. Antibodies specific for Ia, H-2K, or H-2D membrane antigens were used without complement to pretreat spleen cells. These antibody pretreated cells responded normally to Con-A and PHA.

scholarly journals Cladribine Alters Immune Cell Surface Molecules for Adhesion and Costimulation: Further Insights to the Mode of Action in Multiple Sclerosis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3116
Author(s):  
Tobias Moser ◽  
Lena Hoepner ◽  
Kerstin Schwenker ◽  
Michael Seiberl ◽  
Julia Feige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Surface Molecules ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Cladribine (CLAD) is a deoxyadenosine analogue prodrug which is given in multiple sclerosis (MS) as two short oral treatment courses 12 months apart. Reconstitution of adaptive immune function following selective immune cell depletion is the presumed mode of action. In this exploratory study, we investigated the impact of CLAD tablets on immune cell surface molecules for adhesion (CAMs) and costimulation (CoSs) in people with MS (pwMS). We studied 18 pwMS who started treatment with CLAD and 10 healthy controls (HCs). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at baseline and every 3 months throughout a 24-month period. We analysed ICAM-1, LFA-1, CD28, HLADR, CD154, CD44, VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29), PSGL-1 and PD-1 with regard to their expression on B and T cells (T helper (Th) and cytotoxic T cells (cT)) and surface density (mean fluorescence intensity, MFI) by flow cytometry. The targeted analysis of CAM and CoS on the surface of immune cells in pwMS revealed a higher percentage of ICAM-1 (B cells, Th, cT), LFA-1 (B cells, cT), HLADR (B cells, cT), CD28 (cT) and CD154 (Th). In pwMS, we found lower frequencies of Th and cT cells expressing PSGL-1 and B cells for the inhibitory signal PD-1, whereas the surface expression of LFA-1 on cT and of HLADR on B cells was denser. Twenty-four months after the first CLAD cycle, the frequencies of B cells expressing CD44, CD29 and CD49d were lower compared with the baseline, together with decreased densities of ICAM-1, CD44 and HLADR. The rate of CD154 expressing Th cells dropped at 12 months. For cT, no changes were seen for frequency or density. Immune reconstitution by oral CLAD was associated with modification of the pro-migratory and -inflammatory surface patterns of CAMs and CoSs in immune cell subsets. This observation pertains primarily to B cells, which are key cells underlying MS pathogenesis.

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