scholarly journals Infection of rabbits with human immunodeficiency virus 1. A small animal model for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kulaga ◽  
T Folks ◽  
R Rutledge ◽  
M E Truckenmiller ◽  
E Gugel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Mammary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv 1

Injection of rabbits with a human T cell line infected with HIV-1 caused seroconversion within 6 wk, and HIV-1 could be isolated from PBL cultures of infected rabbits. Identity of the isolated virus with HIV-1 was shown by analysis of products amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. HIV-1 infection was seen in rabbits injected with HIV-1-infected cells alone as well as in those that were first infected with HTLV-1 and subsequently with HIV-1. There were no consistent signs of disease in the rabbits infected with HIV-1 alone but HTLV-1/HIV-1-infected rabbits showed signs of illness including diarrhea and weight loss, transient neurologic impairment and, in one animal, a rapidly progressing mammary adenocarcinoma. Examination of organs taken at necropsy from both HIV-1- and HTLV-1/HIV-1-infected animals showed splenic hyperplasia and lymphocyte infiltration of the lungs, as well as moderate damage to liver and kidney in some cases.

HIV-1 integrase inhibitors that block HIV-1 replication in infected cells. Planning synthetic derivatives from natural products

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Di Santo ◽  
Roberta Costi ◽  
Marino Artico ◽  
E. Tramontano ◽  
P. La Colla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Strand Transfer ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
High Cytotoxicity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv 1

Combination therapy using reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) inhibitors is currently the best clinical approach in combatting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by infection from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, the emergence of resistant strains calls urgently for research on inhibitors of further viral targets such as integrase (IN), the enzyme that catalyzes the integration of the proviral DNA into the host chromosomes. Recently, we started studies on new IN inhibitors as analogs of natural products, characterized by one or two 3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl moieties, which were proven to be IN inhibitors in vitro. Then, we designed and synthesized a number of derivatives sharing 3,4 dihydroxycinnamoyl groups, obtaining potent IN inhibitors active at submicromolar concentrations. Unfortunately, these derivatives lacked antiretroviral activity, probably owing to their high cytotoxicity. So we designed a number of 3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamoyl derivatives as less-cytotoxic IN inhibitors, which were proven to be antiretrovirals in cell-based assays. Finally, we designed and synthesized a number of aryldiketohexenoic acids, strictly related to the aryldiketo acid series recently reported by Merck Company, which were shown to be potent antiretroviral agents endowed with anti-IN activities either in 3' processing or in strand transfer steps.

scholarly journals PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION AND VIRTUAL SCREENING INDONESIAN HERBAL DATABASE AS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS -1 INTEGRASE INHIBITOR USING AUTODOCK AND VINA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Arry Yanuar ◽  
Rezi Riadhi Syahdi ◽  
Widya Dwi Aryati
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Integrase Inhibitor ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Autodock Vina ◽  
Unit Space ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv 1

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is a virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a disease considered to be one of themost dangerous because of its high mortality, morbidity, and infectivity. The emergence of mutant HIV strains has led treatment to target proteaseas reverse transcriptase and integrase enzyme become less effective. This study aims to provide knowledge about the potential of HIV-1 integraseinhibitors for use as guiding compounds in the development of new anti-HIV drugs.Methods: This study used AutoDock and AutoDock Vina for virtual screening of the Indonesian herbal database for inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase andis validated using a database of the directory of useful decoys. Optimization was accomplished by selecting the grid size, the number of calculations,and the addition of two water molecules and a magnesium atom as cofactor.Results: This study determined that the best grid box size is 21.1725×21.1725×21.1725 in unit space size (1 unit space equals to macromolecules 1Ǻ),using AutoDock Vina with EF and AUC values, 3.93 and 0.693, respectively. Three important water molecules have meaning in molecular dockingaround the binding pocket.Conclusions: This study obtained the top ten ranked compounds using AutoDock Vina. The compounds include: Casuarinin; Myricetin-3-O-(2’’,6’’-di-O-α-rhamnosyl)-β-glucoside; 5,7,2’,4’-tetrahydroxy-6,3’-diprenylisoflavone 5-O-(4’’-rhamnosylrhamnoside); myricetin 3-robinobioside; cyanidin3-[6-(6-ferulylglucosyl)-2-xylosylgalactoside]; mesuein, cyanidin 7-(3-glucosyl-6-malonylglucoside)-4’-glucoside; kaempferol 3-[glucosyl-(1→3)-rhamnosyl-(1→6)-galactoside]; 3-O-galloylepicatechin-(4-β→8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate; and quercetin 4’-glucuronide.

scholarly journals An immigrant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting with a rash: A case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1982961
Author(s):  
Connie Zhang ◽  
Megan A Sander
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Work Up

A 58-year-old woman from Zimbabwe, with a history of untreated human immunodeficiency virus, presented with leonine facies and a diffuse rash. The rash occurred in the context of a 1-year history of constitutional symptoms and cognitive decline. Laboratory investigations confirmed that her human immunodeficiency virus had progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Through imaging, tissue biopsies, and polymerase chain reaction, a diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis was made. Since there was no history of travel and histoplasmosis is not locally endemic, the patient likely contracted this fungal infection more than 7 years ago, while living in Africa. We speculate that the histoplasmosis remained latent until her immune system began to decline. The work-up and management of this rare cutaneous presentation of a systemic disease, which should be added to the list of “great mimickers” in dermatology, are discussed.

Detection of HIV Antibody and Antigen (p24) in Residual Blood on Needles and Glass

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djamshid Shirazian ◽  
Barry C. Herzlich ◽  
Foroozan Mokhtarian ◽  
David Grob
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Residual Blood ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractThere is a significant rate of percutaneous injury with needles during the care of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Following puncture injury, it is recommended that the source of the contaminating blood be checked, and if human immunodeficiency virus-type 1- (HIV-1)-seropositive, zidovudine prophylaxis be considered. As the source of contaminating blood may be unknown, we studied the detectability of HIV-1 antibody and circulating antigen (p24) in the residual blood from needles and pieces of glass at various intervals following exposure to blood. The residual volume of blood remaining in needles varied from 183 ±50 μ 1 for a 20 G needle to 7.8 ± 1 μ 1 for a 27 G needle, and the residual blood on small pieces of glass varied from 23 μ 1 for a piece weighing 558 mg to 2 μ 1 for a piece weighing 21 mg. Analysis of washed samples of residual blood from all 20 G through 26 G needles and from broken pieces of glass larger than 0.41 g that had been exposed to HIV-1-seropositive blood and left at room temperature for one hour, one day and one week resulted in positive tests for HIV-1 antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. The circulating antigen was detected in residual blood of 20 G through 26 G needles, but not from contaminated pieces of glass. This technique could be applied to situations where a healthcare worker pricked him- or herself with a needle or with a piece of glass that had been contaminated with blood of unknown seroreactivity. If HIV-1 ELISA, immunofluorescence, Western blot and circulating antigen assays are negative, the individual can be reassured. Because only 0.4% of needlestick injuries with HIV-1-seropositive blood have resulted in seroconversion, there must be other factors, as yet unknown, that predispose to infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections among HIV-1-infected asymptomatic individuals in São Paulo, Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge CASSEB ◽  
Adele CATERINO-DE ARAUJO ◽  
Marisa A. HONG ◽  
Simone SALOMÃO ◽  
Dana GALLO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Pathogens ◽  
Hiv 1

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are often infected with multiple pathogens. In particular, HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections have been found more frequently in AIDS patients than in asymptomatic individuals in Europe and Japan. We carried out a serosurvey among asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects in São Paulo, Brazil and compared our results with those of other investigators. In this study, we found HTLV infection in 1.5% of 266 asymptomatic and 14% of 28 AIDS patients. Epidemiological data obtained from patients pointed out the use of intravenous drugs as the principal risk factor for acquiring retroviruses. In conclusion, our results are in accordance with other studies done in Brazil and elsewhere where the principal risk group for HIV/HTLV-I/II coinfection was IDU

scholarly journals Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated T-cell lymphoma: evidence for human immunodeficiency virus type 1-associated T-cell transformation

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1768-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Herndier ◽  
BT Shiramizu ◽  
NE Jewett ◽  
KD Aldape ◽  
GR Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract The majority of lymphomas in the setting of acquired, iatrogenic, or congenital immunodeficiencies are B-cell lymphoproliferations. We describe a rare T-cell lymphoma in a fulminantly ill patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The T-cell nature of the process was defined genotypically (monoclonal T-cell receptor beta- chain [CT beta] rearrangement) and phenotypically (CD45RO+, CD4+, CD5+, CD25+, CD8-, CD3- and negative for a variety of B-cell and monocyte markers). The CD4+, CD25+ (interleukin-2 receptor [IL-2R]) phenotype with production of IL-2 and IL-2R RNA is analogous to human T- lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL); however, no HTLV-1 could be detected. Southern blot analysis did demonstrate monoclonally integrated HIV-1 within the tumor genome. Furthermore, the tumor cells were producing HIV p24 antigen as shown by immunohistochemistry. This is the first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated non- Hodgkin's lymphoma in which HIV-1 infection may have played a central role in the lymphocyte transformation process.

Infection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Increases Expression of Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor in T Cells: Implications for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Vasculopathy

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 4232-4241 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ascherl ◽  
C. Hohenadl ◽  
O. Schatz ◽  
E. Shumay ◽  
J. Bogner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Endothelial Cell Growth Factor ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Endothelial Cell Growth ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Abstract Alterations in the vascular system and the onset of angioproliferative lesions such as Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) are common traits of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)–infected patients. To investigate possible factors involved in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated vasculopathy and vascular malfunction, expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor-A (VEGF-A) was analyzed in HUT 78 T lymphocytes upon infection with HIV-1. VEGF-A was found to be increased in supernatants from infected cells as compared with uninfected cells. In addition, VEGF-A mRNA expression and protein secretion were significantly increased in HUT 78 cells incubated with conditioned medium (CM) derived from HIV-1 chronically infected HUT 78 cells (HIV-TCM) as compared with CM from uninfected cells (TCM). Increase of VEGF-A production in T cells was promoted by inflammatory cytokines (IC) present in HIV-TCM, including tumor necrosis factor  (TNF), interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. These IC that have been shown to be increased in sera of HIV-1–infected patients and to be increased by HIV-1 infection or cell activation in these individuals as well as HIV-TCM also increased VEGF-A expression in primary T lymphocytes. Consistent with this, VEGF-A concentrations were found to be higher in sera of HIV-1–infected patients with (mean, 357.1 ± 197.9 pg/mL) and without KS (mean, 256.7 ± 137.5 pg/mL) as compared with uninfected individuals (mean, 188.6 ± 91.7 pg/mL). These data suggest that increased secretion of VEGF-A by T lymphocytes of HIV-1–infected individuals may induce vascular leakage and stimulate proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, which are hallmarks of AIDS-associated vasculopathy and especially of KS development.

scholarly journals Employing Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prophylactic & Therapeutic Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengchao Ding ◽  
Darshit Patel ◽  
Yunjing Ma ◽  
Jamie F. S. Mann ◽  
Jianjun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Despite the discovery that the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is the pathogen of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1983, there is still no effective anti-HIV-1 vaccine. The major obstacle to the development of HIV-1 vaccine is the extreme diversity of viral genome sequences. Nonetheless, a number of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 have been made and identified in this area. Novel strategies based on using these bNAbs as an efficacious preventive and/or therapeutic intervention have been applied in clinical. In this review, we summarize the recent development of bNAbs and its application in HIV-1 acquisition prevention as well as discuss the innovative approaches being used to try to convey protection within individuals at risk and being treated for HIV-1 infection.

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