scholarly journals Dynamic imaging of dendritic cell extension into the small bowel lumen in response to epithelial cell TLR engagement

2006 ◽  
Vol 203 (13) ◽  
pp. 2841-2852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Chieppa ◽  
Maria Rescigno ◽  
Alex Y.C. Huang ◽  
Ronald N. Germain
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Chimeric Mouse ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Tlr Signaling

Cells lining the gastrointestinal tract serve as both a barrier to and a pathway for infectious agent entry. Dendritic cells (DCs) present in the lamina propria under the columnar villus epithelium of the small bowel extend processes across this epithelium and capture bacteria, but previous studies provided limited information on the nature of the stimuli, receptors, and signaling events involved in promoting this phenomenon. Here, we use immunohistochemical as well as dynamic explant and intravital two-photon imaging to investigate this issue. Analysis of CD11c–enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or major histocompatibility complex CII-EGFP mice revealed that the number of trans-epithelial DC extensions, many with an unusual “balloon” shape, varies along the length of the small bowel. High numbers of such extensions were found in the proximal jejunum, but only a few were present in the terminal ileum. The extensions in the terminal ileum markedly increased upon the introduction of invasive or noninvasive Salmonella organisms, and chimeric mouse studies revealed the key role of MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling by nonhematopoietic (epithelial) elements in the DC extension response. Collectively, these findings support a model in which epithelial cell TLR signaling upon exposure to microbial stimuli induces active DC sampling of the gut lumen at sites distant from organized lymphoid tissues.

scholarly journals Dynamic imaging of dendritic cell extension into the small bowel lumen in response to epithelial cell TLR engagement

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (6) ◽  
pp. i15-i15
Author(s):  
Marcello Chieppa ◽  
Maria Rescigno ◽  
Alex Y.C. Huang ◽  
Ronald N. Germain
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Cell Extension ◽  
Bowel Lumen

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of total macrophage content in adult mouse tissues. Immunochemical studies with monoclonal antibody F4/80.

1985 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Lee ◽  
P M Starkey ◽  
S Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Mouse Tissues

We have estimated the macrophage content of different tissues of the normal adult mouse using F4/80, a highly specific antigen marker for mature mouse macrophages. An absorption indirect binding assay was used to quantitate F4/80 antigen against a calibration standard made from the J774.2 macrophage-like cell line. The richest sources of tissue F4/80 antigen were found to be bone marrow, spleen, cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes, large bowel, liver, kidneys, and small bowel. The organs that have the highest total F4/80 antigen content are the liver, large bowel, small bowel, bone marrow, spleen, cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes, and kidney. We conclude that the mononuclear phagocyte system is mainly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, followed by hemopoietic and lymphoid tissues.

Asymmetrical targeting of type II Na-Picotransporters in renal and intestinal epithelial cell lines

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. F361-F368 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hernando ◽  
S. Sheikh ◽  
Z. Karim-Jimenez ◽  
H. Galliker ◽  
J. Forgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Opossum Kidney ◽  
Epithelial Cell Lines ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Cellular Context ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Targeting of newly synthesized transporters to either the apical or basolateral domains of polarized cells is crucial for the function of epithelia, such as in the renal proximal tubule or in the small intestine. Recently, different sodium-phosphate cotransporters have been identified. Type II cotransporters can be subdivided into two groups: type IIa and type IIb. Type IIa is predominantly expressed in renal proximal tubules, whereas type IIb is located on the intestinal and lung epithelia. To gain some insights into the polarized targeting of the type II cotransporters, we have transiently expressed type IIa and type IIb cotransporters in several epithelial cell lines: two lines derived from renal proximal cells (opossum kidney and LLC-PK1), one from renal distal cells (Madin-Darby canine kidney), and one from colonic epithelium (CaCo-2). We studied the expression of the transporters fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein. Our data indicate that the polarized targeting is dependent on molecular determinants most probably located at the COOH terminus of the cotransporters as well as on the cellular context.

scholarly journals Small bowel adenocarcinoma mimicking a large adrenal tumor

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Miomira Ivovic ◽  
Vladan Zivaljevic ◽  
Svetlana Vujovic ◽  
Ljiljana Marina ◽  
Milina Tancic-Gajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
Acute Peritonitis ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Small Bowel Carcinoma

Introduction. Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel is a rare gastrointestinal neoplasm usually affecting the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum. Because of their rarity and poorly defined abdominal symptoms, a correct diagnosis is often delayed. Case Outline. We present a 43-year-old woman admitted at the Clinic for Endocrinology due to a large tumor (over 7 cm) of the left adrenal gland. The tumor was detected by ultrasound and confirmed by CT scan. The patient complained of abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant, fatigue and septic fever. Normal urinary catecholamines excluded pheochromocytoma. The endocrine evaluations revealed laboratory signs of subclinical hypercorticism: midnight cortisol 235 nmol/L, post 1 mg - overnight Dexamethasone suppression test for cortisol 95.5 nmol/L and basal ACTH 4.2 pg/mL. Plasma rennin activity and aldosterone were within the normal range. Surgery was performed. Intraoperative findings showed signs of acute peritonitis and a small ulceration of the jejunum below at 70 cm on the anal side from the Treitz?s ligament. Adrenal glands were not enlarged. Patohistology and immunochemistry identified adenocarcinoma of the jejunum without infiltration of the lymphatic nodules. The extensive jejunal resection and lavage of the peritoneum were performed. Due to complications of massive peritonitis, the patient died seven days after surgery. Conclusion. Poorly defined symptoms and a low incidence make the diagnosis of small bowel carcinoma, particularly of the jejunal region, very difficult in spite of the new endoscopic techniques.

Sa1723 ErbB4 Signaling Is Critical for Small Bowel Epithelial Cell Growth and Maintenance of Barrier Function: Use of a Model of Enteral Nutrient Deprivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. S-292
Author(s):  
Yongjia Feng ◽  
Yu-Hwai Tsai ◽  
Weidong Xiao ◽  
Pele Browner ◽  
Janet Wolforth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Nutrient Deprivation

scholarly journals Biarsenical Labeling of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Encoding Tetracysteine-Tagged M Protein Allows Dynamic Imaging of M Protein and Virus Uncoating in Infected Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 2611-2622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash C. Das ◽  
Debasis Panda ◽  
Debasis Nayak ◽  
Asit K. Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

ABSTRACT A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-PeGFP-M-MmRFP) encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein fused in frame with P (PeGFP) in place of P and a fusion matrix protein (monomeric red fluorescent protein fused in frame at the carboxy terminus of M [MmRFP]) at the G-L gene junction, in addition to wild-type (wt) M protein in its normal location, was recovered, but the MmRFP was not incorporated into the virions. Subsequently, we generated recombinant viruses (VSV-PeGFP-ΔM-Mtc and VSV-ΔM-Mtc) encoding M protein with a carboxy-terminal tetracysteine tag (Mtc) in place of the M protein. These recombinant viruses incorporated Mtc at levels similar to M in wt VSV, demonstrating recovery of infectious rhabdoviruses encoding and incorporating a tagged M protein. Virions released from cells infected with VSV-PeGFP-ΔM-Mtc and labeled with the biarsenical red dye (ReAsH) were dually fluorescent, fluorescing green due to incorporation of PeGFP in the nucleocapsids and red due to incorporation of ReAsH-labeled Mtc in the viral envelope. Transport and subsequent association of M protein with the plasma membrane were shown to be independent of microtubules. Sequential labeling of VSV-ΔM-Mtc-infected cells with the biarsenical dyes ReAsH and FlAsH (green) revealed that newly synthesized M protein reaches the plasma membrane in less than 30 min and continues to accumulate there for up to 2 1/2 hours. Using dually fluorescent VSV, we determined that following adsorption at the plasma membrane, the time taken by one-half of the virus particles to enter cells and to uncoat their nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm is approximately 28 min.

scholarly journals Panenteric capsule endoscopy versus ileocolonoscopy plus magnetic resonance enterography in Crohn’s disease: a multicentre, prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000365 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Henry Bruining ◽  
Salvatore Oliva ◽  
Mark R Fleisher ◽  
Monika Fischer ◽  
Joel G Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Enterography ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel

IntroductionCrohn’s disease diagnosis and monitoring remains a great clinical challenge and often requires multiple testing modalities. Assessing Crohn’s disease activity in the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract using a panenteric capsule endoscopy (CE) system could be used as an alternative to colonoscopy and cross-sectional imaging. This study assessed the accuracy and safety of panenteric CE in Crohn’s disease as compared with ileocolonoscopy (IC) and/or magnetic resonance enterography (MRE).MethodsA prospective, multicentre study was performed in subjects with established Crohn’s disease. Individuals with proven small bowel patency underwent a standardised bowel preparation, followed by CE ingestion and IC either the same or following day. MRE, IC, and CE interpretations were performed by blinded central readers using validated scoring systems. The primary endpoint was the overall sensitivity of CE vs MRE and/or IC in Crohn’s disease subjects.ResultsStudy enrolment included 158 subjects from 21 sites in the USA, Austria, and Israel. Of those, 99 were included in the analysis. Imaging modality scores indicated none to mild inflammation in the proximal small bowel and colon, but discrepant levels of inflammation in the terminal ileum. Overall sensitivity for active enteric inflammation (CE vs MRE and/or IC) was 94% vs 100% (p=0.125) and specificity was 74% vs 22% (p=0.001). Sensitivity of CE was superior to MRE for enteric inflammation in the proximal small bowel (97% vs 71%, p=0.021), and similar to MRE and/or IC in the terminal ileum and colon (p=0.500–0.625). There were seven serious adverse advents of which three were related to the CE device.ConclusionPanenteric CE is a reliable tool for assessing Crohn’s disease mucosal activity and extent compared with more invasive methods. This study demonstrates high performance of the panenteric CE as compared to MRE and/or IC without the need for multiple tests in non-stricturing Crohn’s disease.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov NCT03241368

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