scholarly journals Frequent and specific immunity to the embryonal stem cell–associated antigen SOX2 in patients with monoclonal gammopathy

2007 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Spisek ◽  
Anjli Kukreja ◽  
Lin-Chi Chen ◽  
Phillip Matthews ◽  
Amitabha Mazumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Sox2 Expression ◽  
Embryonal Stem Cell ◽  
Favorable Clinical Outcome ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Antigenic Targets ◽  
Embryonal Stem

Specific targets of cellular immunity in human premalignancy are largely unknown. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) represents a precursor lesion to myeloma (MM). We show that antigenic targets of spontaneous immunity in MGUS differ from MM. MGUS patients frequently mount a humoral and cellular immune response against SOX2, a gene critical for self-renewal in embryonal stem cells. Intranuclear expression of SOX2 marks the clonogenic CD138− compartment in MGUS. SOX2 expression is also detected in a proportion of CD138+ cells in MM patients. However, these patients lack anti-SOX2 immunity. Cellular immunity to SOX2 inhibits the clonogenic growth of MGUS cells in vitro. Detection of anti-SOX2 T cells predicts favorable clinical outcome in patients with asymptomatic plasmaproliferative disorders. Harnessing immunity to antigens expressed by tumor progenitor cells may be critical for prevention and therapy of human cancer.

Spores of two probiotic Bacillus species enhance cellular immunity in BALB/C mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Gong ◽  
Qin Huang ◽  
Aikun Fu ◽  
YanPing Wu ◽  
Yali Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Respiratory Burst Activity ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Subtilis Subsp

Previous studies found that Bacillus subtilis BS02 and B. subtilis subsp. natto BS04 isolated in our laboratory could activate the immune response of murine macrophages in vitro. This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus species spores on the systemic cellular immune response in BALB/C mice. Results showed that both B. subtilis BS02 and B. subtilis natto BS04 enhanced the phagocytic function of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, B. subtilis BS02 could increase the respiratory burst activity of blood phagocytes. Furthermore, B. subtilis BS02 and B. subtilis natto BS04 increased the percentage of gamma-interferon-producing CD4+ cells and CD8+ T-cells, but only BS04 increased the percentage of CD3+ cells and CD3+ CD4+ cells in splenocytes. However, there were no effects on other subsets of splenic lymphocytes and mitogen-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation. All data suggested that oral administration of B. subtilis BS02 or B. subtilis natto BS04 could significantly enhance cellular immunity in BALB/C mice by increasing phagocytic activity of MPS and cytotoxic activity of NK cells in a strain-specific manner.

scholarly journals Cellular immune responses to methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Bhatnagar ◽  
J B Zabriskie ◽  
A R Rausen
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Blast Transformation ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Dose ◽  
Cellular Recognition ◽  
Cellular Immune

Several in vitro parameters of cellular immunity were examined in BALB/c mice with an experimentally induced fibrosarcoma tumor. The results of capillary migration of spleen cells in high tumor cell dose inoculated mice show appearance of cellular immune response in the early stages of the tumor growth. As the tumor progresses, the cellular response declines and rapidly disappears, culminating in stimulation values near the time of the death of these mice. The blastogenic studies also show early cellular recognition of tumor antigen by mouse spleen cells and whole blood (Z24 h). After the 2nd day following tumor injection, no blast transformation is noted. However, the results obtained with a lower inoculating tumor cell dose demonstrate an initial cellular recognition on the 7th day. This response gradually disappears by the 19th day and remains negative up to the time of the death of these mice. This cellular immunity was confirmed by the cytotoxic experiments showing that the primary cells responsible for this cellular reactivity were the immune cells. An interesting finding was the presence of a factor(s) capable of blocking the cytotoxic effect. The nature and mechanism of this blocking factor(s) is now under investigation.

In vitro study of cellular immunity against autochthonous human cancer

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Segall ◽  
Odette Weiler ◽  
Jean Genin ◽  
Jean Lacour ◽  
Fanny Lacour
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study

scholarly journals Passive Transfer of Maternal Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-Specific Cellular Immunity to Piglets

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meggan Bandrick ◽  
Maria Pieters ◽  
Carlos Pijoan ◽  
Thomas W. Molitor
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Immunity in the neonatal animal is primarily maternally derived, either by lymphocytes that pass into the newborn across the placenta or following colostrum ingestion. However, the effect of this passively transferred cellular maternal immunity on the newborn's immune repertoire is not clearly understood. Various studies have shown that colostral lymphocytes are activated and possess functional abilities; however, no studies have shown the transfer of colostral antigen-specific T-cell-specific responses in a newborn. In this study we examined the transfer of vaccine-induced Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae cellular immunity from immune dams to newborn piglets. Newborn piglets from vaccinated and nonvaccinated dams were assessed in two ways for cellular immune responses specific to M. hyopneumoniae: (i) delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) testing and (ii) in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, assayed on piglet blood lymphocytes and sow colostral lymphocytes. DTH responses to M. hyopneumoniae were detected only for offspring of vaccinated sows, whereas DTH responses to the nonspecific mitogen phytohemagglutinin were seen for all piglets. M. hyopneumoniae-specific proliferation was seen for colostral lymphocytes from vaccinated sows and for blood lymphocytes from neonatal piglets of vaccinated dams but not for blood lymphocytes from piglets of nonvaccinated sows. Functional antigen-specific T cells were transferred to offspring from vaccinated sows and participated in the neonatal immune response upon stimulation. These data have implications for defining disease intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Cellular immunity in chronic Chagas' disease

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-404
Author(s):  
O M Montufar ◽  
C C Musatti ◽  
E Mendes ◽  
N F Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Lymphocyte Function ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

The cellular immune response was assessed in 20 patients with chronic Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis). Thymus-derived lymphocyte function was determined in vivo by cutaneous reactivity to several antigens including a soluble preparation derived from Trypanosoma cruzi and sensitization to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. The in vitro T-cell reactivity was investigated by the proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and to T. cruzi antigen and by inhibition of leukocyte migration with the specific antigen. In addition, the proportion and absolute numbers of peripheral blood T and B-lymphocytes were determined by rosette formation. This research indicates that the general and specific cellular immune response, evaluated by the tests herein mentioned, is well preserved in patients, with Chagas' disease. We conclude that chronic Chagas' disease is not associated with deficiency in cellular immunity, nor does it lead to it. Conceivably, the active participation of delayed hypersensitivity may play an important role in the expression of the human chagasic lesions.

scholarly journals A glimpse into the diverse cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lung-Ji Chang ◽  
Cheng-Wei Chang ◽  
Yuchen Liu ◽  
Cheng Jiao ◽  
Hongwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Viral Antigens ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific cellular immune response may prove to be essential for long-term immune protection against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To assess COVID-19-specific immunity in the population, we synthesized selected peptide pools of SARS-CoV-2 structural and functional proteins, including Spike (S), Membrane (M), envelope (E), Nucleocapsid (N) and Protease (P) as target antigens. Survey of the T cell precursur frequencies in healthy individuals specific to these viral antigens demonstrated a diverse cellular immunity, including high, medium, low and no responders. This was further confirmed by in vitro induction of anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell immune responses using dendritic cell (DC)/T cell coculture, which was consistent with the corresponding T cell precursor frequencies in each individual tested. In general, the combination of all five antigenic pools induced the strongest cellular immune response, and individual donors responded differently to different viral antigens. Importantly, a secondary in vitro booster stimulation of the T cells with the DC-peptides induced increased anti-viral immune responses in all individuals even in the no responders, suggesting that booster immunization in a vaccine scheme may elicit a broad protection in immune naïve population. Our analysis illustrates the critical role of cellular immunity in fighting COVID-19 and the importance of analyzing anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell response in addition to antibody response in the population.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of Whole-Blood Gamma Interferon Release for Clinical Assessment of Cellular Immunity in Patients with Active Coccidioidomycosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil M. Ampel ◽  
Daniel K. Nelson ◽  
Suzette Chavez ◽  
Kathryn A. Naus ◽  
Amanda B. Herman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Assessment of the cellular immune response in coccidioidomycosis has epidemiologic and prognostic importance. Measurement of delayed-type hypersensitivity to skin testing has been used in the past to determine cellular immunity in coccidioidomycosis. However, no skin tests are currently available in the United States. Assay of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release in whole blood in response to incubation with antigen has been used to assess cellular immunity in tuberculosis. We used a similar assay using the coccidioidal antigen preparation T27K to measure the in vitro cellular immune responses among a cohort of 69 subjects with active coccidioidomycosis. IFN-γ release was bimodal, with concentrations above and below 5 IU/ml. Using multivariate logistic regression, underlying disease and disseminated or chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis was significantly associated with the release of IFN-γ at a concentration of <5 IU/ml (P = 0.02 or 0.05, respectively). In addition, the release IFN-γ concentration was <5 IU/ml in all subjects with a clinical severity score of ≥6 (P = 0.02). The release IFN-γ concentration correlated with expression of CD69 on T lymphocytes in an in vitro assay using T27K as the antigen (Spearman's rho = 0.59; P < 0.01). These results suggest that the IFN-γ release assay with T27K as the antigen may be a useful clinical test for assessing cellular immunity in patients with active coccidioidomycosis.

scholarly journals Cellular Immunity to Platelets in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Wybran ◽  
H. Hugh Fudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract The possibility of cell-mediated immune mechanisms against platelets in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was suggested in a previous observation. Therefore, the uptake of labeled thymidine by the lymphocytes of 14 patients with ITP and of 16 controls was studied in vitro in the presence of autologous platelets. The control group (normal subjects and patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia) never demonstrated any sigficant uptake of thymidine in this autologous system. Positive stimulation, as judged by thymidine uptake, occurred in seven of eight patients with severe ITP, whereas only three of six patients with mild ITP showed significant stimulation. Two patients with severe ITP, studied 4 and 6 days after splenectomy, showed a conversion to negativity in the test. These results indicate that cellular immune mechanisms against autologous platelets are present in ITP and suggest that they may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. It is suggested that ITP may represent more than one disease.

A glimpse into the diverse cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Wei Chang ◽  
Yuchen Liu ◽  
Cheng Jiao ◽  
Hongwei Liu ◽  
Xiaochuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Viral Antigens ◽  
Cellular Immune

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific cellular immune response may prove to be essential for long-term immune protection against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To assess COVID-19-specific immunity in the population, we synthesized selected peptide pools of SARS-CoV-2 structural and functional proteins, including Spike (S), Membrane (M), Envelope (E), Nucleocapsid (N) and Protease (P) as target antigens. Survey of the T cell precursur frequencies in healthy individuals specific to these viral antigens demonstrated a diverse cellular immunity, including high, medium, low and no responders. This was further confirmed by in vitro induction of anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell immune responses using dendritic cell (DC)/T cell coculture, which supported the corresponding T cell precursor frequencies in each of the individuals tested. In general, the combination of all five viral antigen pools induced the strongest cellular immune response, yet individual donors responded differently to different viral antigens. Importantly, in vitro restimulation of the T cells with the DC-peptides induced increased anti-viral immune responses in all individuals even in the no responders, suggesting that repeated antigen stimulation could elicit a broad protection in immune naïve population. Our analysis recapitulates the critical role of cellular immunity in fighting COVID-19 and the importance of analyzing anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell response in addition to antibody response in the population.ImportanceFacing the rapid evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants in the world, current emphasis on antibody-producing vaccines needs a quick revisit. The virus-specific cellular immunity may prove to be essential for long-term protection against COVID-19. This study designed a series of antigenic peptides encompassing the conserved and/or essential domains of Spike (S), Membrane (M), envelope (E), Nucleocapsid (N) and Protease (P) as targets to assess Covid-19-specific immunity in the population. The results demonstrated a diverse cellular immunity, including high, medium, low and no responders. This was verified by in vitro generation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 T-cells from these subjects. The study suggested that individuals responded differently to the different viral antigens, and importantly, repeated stimulation could produce virus specific T cells in all individuals, including the no responders. This study illustrates the needs for assessing anti-viral cellular immunity in addition to antibody response in the general population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document