scholarly journals Intestinal monocytes and macrophages are required for T cell polarization in response to Citrobacter rodentium

2013 ◽  
Vol 210 (10) ◽  
pp. 2025-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi A. Schreiber ◽  
Jakob Loschko ◽  
Roos A. Karssemeijer ◽  
Amelia Escolano ◽  
Matthew M. Meredith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Citrobacter Rodentium ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
T Cell Polarization ◽  
Th1 Polarization

Dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and macrophages are closely related phagocytes that share many phenotypic features and, in some cases, a common developmental origin. Although the requirement for DCs in initiating adaptive immune responses is well appreciated, the role of monocytes and macrophages remains largely undefined, in part because of the lack of genetic tools enabling their specific depletion. Here, we describe a two-gene approach that requires overlapping expression of LysM and Csf1r to define and deplete monocytes and macrophages. The role of monocytes and macrophages in immunity to pathogens was tested by their selective depletion during infection with Citrobacter rodentium. Although neither cell type was required to initiate immunity, monocytes and macrophages contributed to the adaptive immune response by secreting IL-12, which induced Th1 polarization and IFN-γ secretion. Thus, whereas DCs are indispensable for priming naive CD4+ T cells, monocytes and macrophages participate in intestinal immunity by producing mediators that direct T cell polarization.

scholarly journals Abstract 2793: The role of IL-10 in obesity-induced T-cell polarization in the prostate tumor microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Kappel ◽  
Michael Adkison ◽  
Alejandra De Angulo ◽  
Peyton Travis ◽  
Brittany Harlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Prostate Tumor ◽  
T Cell Polarization

scholarly journals Diverse Roles of Inhibitor of Differentiation 2 in Adaptive Immunity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Rankin ◽  
Gabrielle T. Belz
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Factor Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitor Of Dna Binding ◽  
Innate Lymphocytes

The helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) has been implicated as a regulator of hematopoiesis and embryonic development. While its role in early lymphopoiesis has been well characterized, new roles in adaptive immune responses have recently been uncovered opening exciting new directions for investigation. In the innate immune system, Id2 is required for the development of mature natural killer (NK) cells, lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells, and the recently identified interleukin (IL)-22 secreting nonconventional innate lymphocytes found in the gut. In addition, Id2 has been implicated in the development of specific dendritic cell (DC) subsets, decisions determining the formation ofαβandγδT-cell development, NK T-cell behaviour, and in the maintenance of effector and memory CD8+T cells in peripheral tissues. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of Id2 in lymphopoiesis and in the development of the adaptive immune response required for maintaining immune homeostasis and immune protection.

scholarly journals CD8+γδ T Cells Are More Frequent in CMV Seropositive Bone Marrow Grafts and Display Phenotype of an Adaptive Immune Response

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gaballa ◽  
Lucas C. M. Arruda ◽  
Emelie Rådestad ◽  
Michael Uhlin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Gene Segment ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The role of gamma delta (γδ) T cells in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immune surveillance has been the focus of research interest for years. Recent reports have shown a substantial clonal proliferation of γδ T cells in response to HCMV, shedding light on the adaptive immune response of γδ T cells. Nevertheless, most efforts have focused on Vδ2negγδ T cell subset while less attention has been given to investigate other less common γδ T cell subsets. In this regard, a distinct subpopulation of γδ T cells that expresses the CD8 coreceptor (CD8+γδ T cells) has not been thoroughly explored. Whether it is implicated in HCMV response and its ability to generate adaptive response has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we combined flow cytometry and immune sequencing of the TCR γ-chain (TRG) to analyze in-depth bone marrow (BM) graft γδ T cells from CMV seropositive (CMV+) and CMV seronegative (CMV-) donors. We showed that the frequency of CD8+γδ T cells was significantly higher in CMV+ grafts compared to CMV- grafts (P<0.001). Further characterization revealed that CD8+γδ T cells from CMV+ grafts express Vγ9- and preferentially differentiated from a naive to terminal effector memory phenotype (CD27low/-CD45RO-). In line with these findings, TRG immune sequencing revealed clonal focusing and reduced usage of the Vγ9/JP gene segment in a CMV+ graft. Furthermore, CD8+γδ T cells showed an enhanced response to TCR/CD3 and cytokine stimulation in contrast to CD8-γδ T cells. We conclude that γδ T cells in BM grafts are reshaped by donor CMV serostatus and highlight the potential adaptive role of CD8+γδ T cells in HCMV immune response.

scholarly journals Role of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Clearance of Primary Pulmonary Infection with Coxiella burnetii

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 3019-3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Read ◽  
Sara Erickson ◽  
Allen G. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Scid Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT The mechanisms of the primary adaptive immune response to Coxiella burnetii are not well known. Following inoculation of the lungs with C. burnetii Nine Mile phase I (NMI), SCID mice developed pneumonia and splenomegaly and succumbed to infection, whereas wild-type mice cleared the infection by 24 days. SCID mice reconstituted with either CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells alone were able to control the infection, indicating that the presence of either type of T cells was sufficient to control infection, and B cells were not necessary for primary immunity. Similarly, wild-type mice depleted of either CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells controlled infections in their lungs, but these mice were highly susceptible if they were depleted of both types of T cells. However, compared to CD4+ T-cell-dependent protection, CD8+ T-cell-dependent protection resulted in less inflammation in the lungs and less growth of bacteria in the spleens.

Reciprocal role of hBD2 and hBD3 on the adaptive immune response by measuring T lymphocyte proliferation in terms of CD4 and CCR6 expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Taefehshokr ◽  
Alireza Isazadeh ◽  
Amin Oveisi ◽  
Yashar Azari Key ◽  
Sina Taefehshokr
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
T Lymphocyte Proliferation

Abstract Background Human β-defensins (hBD2 and hBD3) are small cationic antimicrobial peptides of innate immune system which can act as a barrier against the majority of pathogens, contributing to the host immune defence. Objective The aim of study is to determine whether hBD2 and hBD3 play a role in development and proliferation of human effector CD4 T cells or not. Furthermore, if enhanced proliferation is observed in the presence of hBD2 and hBD3, these data will demonstrate whether chemokine receptor type 6 (CCR6) is required to be present for this activity to occur. Methods In this study, we examined the effect of hBD2 and hBD3 on CD4+ T cell proliferation in CCR6+ and CCR6− T cells through co-culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 stimulation in the presence or absence of hBD2 and hBD3. Proliferation was assessed using flow cytometry. Results It was demonstrated that, co-culture with hBD2 and hBD3 led to up-regulation of CD4+ T cell proliferation after 72 h whereas, CD4+ T cell proliferation was suppressed after 96 h. On the other hand, CCR6− and CCR6+ T cell proliferation was up-regulated after 72 h. But, CCR6+ only was down-regulated in the second cycle in the presence of hBD3. In contrast, after 96 h CCR6+ and CCR6− T cell proliferation was decreased. Conclusion Collectively, our data indicated that hBD2 and hBD3 play a positive and negative regulatory role in development and proliferation of human effector CD4+ T cells which is essential for optimal adaptive immune responses and the control of immunopathology.

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