scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN THE RABBIT

1920 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade H. Brown ◽  
Louise Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Definite Proof

From the study of a large series of rabbits with outspoken manifestations of generalized syphilis, lesions of the skin and appendages were found to constitute one of the largest and most varied groups of such affections. The conditions noted consisted of alopecias, onychia and paronychia, and lesions of the skin proper. It was found to be a matter of some difficulty to make a positive diagnosis of syphilitic alopecia, but there were three and possibly four conditions which appeared to be attributable to such an infection. The first of these took the form of a general or local roughening of the coat with falling of the hair which produced the typical moth-eaten appearance associated with syphilitic alopecia in the human subject. A second form of alopecia was essentially an abnormal looseness of the hair which permitted large areas of the body to be completely denuded. The third type of alopecia was associated with definite skin changes, and the hair was readily removable together with an adherent mass of epithelial scales. Paronychia was comparatively rare but was readily recognized by a characteristic infiltration and exfoliation of the skin about the base of the nails. The incidence of onychia is uncertain. Late in the course of the investigation it was found that alterations in the nails which were not entirely characteristic in themselves might occur in consequence of a syphilitic involvement of the nail beds which could not be detected by ordinary methods of examination. The cases which were recognized as syphilitic were those which showed an associated paronychia. Lesions of the skin were found to be one of the most frequent manifestations of a generalized infection in the rabbit. These lesions were divided into three classes: first, granulomatous lesions, second, infiltrations, and third, erythemata. The granulomata were lesions of a fleshy character which tended to grow to a very large size and presented all the characteristics of circumscribed primary lesions of the scrotum. The conditions described as cutaneous infiltrations included two general types of lesions, one a flattened and rather diffuse process, the other an elevated and sharply circumscribed papule. As a class, these lesions were very prone to secondary alterations and in this way gave rise to a great variety of conditions which in general resembled the diffuse primary lesions of the scrotum and the papular lesions resulting from local dissemination. A third type of lesion resembling the macular erythemata of man was observed in a small number of animals, and while no definite proof of the specific origin of these lesions was obtained, the evidence available was strongly suggestive. In addition, several other cutaneous affections were noted which have not as yet been thoroughly investigated. It is suggested, however, that these processes may bear some relation to infection with Treponema pallidum.

Contemporary Relevance of Nehru

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Baljit Singh
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The subject contemporary relevance of Nehru is unfolded into five sections. First section introduces the subject by contextualising Nehru’s ideas in the contemporary scenario. Nehruvian ideological system and its utility in the age of globalisation constitute the body of this article. His nationalism, socialism and world view are located and discussed in the second, third and fourth sections, respectively. Nehru’s idea of composite culture, contested by cultural nationalism from the one end and ethno-nationalism from the other end of spectrum comprises the second section. The third section discusses the conception, consolidation, retreat and revival of Nehruvian model of economic development in the light of Washington Consensus and Post-Washington Consensus. His idea of socialism and the mixed economy are debated in liberal, neoliberal and post-neoliberal scenario. His world view faced rough weather during the second and third phase of India’s foreign policy. The former was set in motion after his death, whereas the latter started taking shape in the Post-Soviet world, which has acquired the hegemonic overtones. Contemporary significance of Nehru’s world view in the hegemonic world is probed in the fourth section. The last section sums up the discussion in the form of concluding observations.

scholarly journals Zasady ogólne dotyczące praktyk pokutnych na podstawie Libri poenitentiales

Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 225-240
Author(s):  
Michał Kieling
Keyword(s):  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Spiritual Therapy

The article discusses the most important premises which deal with Christian penance from the VI to the XI century. The main sources for the above article are the Penitential Books (Libri Poenitentiales), published as part of the series of Źródła Myśli Teologicznej (ŻMT 58), collected and edited by A. Baron and H. Pietras in 2011. The article consists of three parts. The first part examines the meaning of penance in the life of Christians as a medicine for sin which is an illness of the soul and the body. The second part presents the teaching of peniten­tials on the twelve ways of absolving from sins. The third part provides practical suggestions for confessors and penitents. The Penitential Books, as a witness to the development of penitential practices, confirm the role of individual spiritual therapy in the life of the Christian. This process of regaining of one’s spiritual health takes place, on one hand, through the grace of God’s Mercy, and, on the other hand, through penitential practices whose aim was internal conversion and outward change in one’s way of life.

scholarly journals VENEREAL SPIROCHETOSIS IN AMERICAN RABBITS

1922 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyo Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Wassermann Reaction ◽  
Chronic Course ◽  
Histological Reactions

Of 50 rabbits, otherwise regarded as normal, three adult females and two adult males (10 per cent) have been found to have in their genitoperineal region certain papulosquamous, often ulcerating, lesions. A recently purchased group of twenty rabbits contained six females (30 per cent) with similar lesions. This condition runs a chronic course and is characterized by the presence of a spiral organism closely resembling Treponema pallidum. The rabbit spirochete has the same morphological features as Treponema pallidum; it is possibly a trifle thicker and longer than the average pallidum. Long specimens measuring 30 µ are frequently encountered, and they show a tendency to form loosely entangled knots. A stellate arrangement of several organisms in a mass is frequently observed. In the lesion of one rabbit there were two types of spirochete, one of the variety just described, the other a somewhat coarser organism, closely resembling Treponema calligyrum found in a human condyloma, but a trifle thinner and longer. This organism is perhaps merely a variant type of the rabbit spirochete. The histological reactions are similar to, but considerably less cellular, than those occurring in typical primary syphilitic lesions. There is a marked hyperkeratosis and interpapillary infiltration not observed in scrotal chancre. The disease is transmissible to normal rabbits, in which the usual papular lesions can be readily reproduced in the genitoperineal region. In the first passages the incubation period varied from 20 to 88 days; subsequently one of the strains produced a lesion in 20 days on the second, and in 5 days on the third passage. No typical orchitis or keratitis was produced in the rabbits of the present series, although in one of the original rabbits (No. 4) scaly, papular lesions have developed on the nose, lips, eyelid, and paws. Monkeys (Macacus rhesus) failed to show any lesions within a period of 4 months after inoculation. In one instance transmission was accomplished through the mating of an infected female with a normal male. The Wassermann reaction was uniformly negative in the five rabbits with spontaneous lesions and in eighteen rabbits experimentally infected. Salvarsan had the same therapeutic effect on the lesions produced by the rabbit spirochete as on the experimental pallidum lesion of the rabbit. The organism belongs to the genus Treponema, and may be designated Treponema cuniculi.

scholarly journals Possibilities for preventing fatty liver in cows during peripartal period

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Horea Samanc ◽  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Milijan Jovanovic ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
Radisa Prodanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of these investigations was to examine possibilities for preventing fatty liver in cows during the peripartal period using the preparation HEPARENOL which includes methionine, lysine and choline in its composition. Investigations were performed on cattle of the Holstein breed whose average production during their last lactation was 8120 liters. The cows included in the experiment were divided into three groups of 10 cows each. Cows of the first group were administered the preparation HEPARENOL perorally 5-7 days before partus in daily doses of 50 ml per animal, and then daily during the first seven days after parturition in daily doses of 100 ml per animal. The second group of cows were administered the preparation in the same way as the first group, but they also received vitamin C injected deep i.m. in doses of 1000 mg per animal per day. The third group of cows were not exposed to any treatment and served as the control group. The body condition of the cows was marked according to the system Elanco Animal Health Bulletin Al 8478. Blood samples were taken by puncture of the jugular vein before the beginning of treatment, and on the third and 12th days after partus. The glucose concentration was determined in the blood samples. On the 12th day after partus, liver tissue samples were taken by biopsy for pathohistological examinations. Since the cows were fed in the same way and were in the same phase of the production-reproduction cycle, the average score of the body condition before treatment was approximately the same. However, on the 3rd day after partus, cows of the second experimental group showed average values that were significantly lower in comparison with the other two groups of cows. It is very interesting that a significantly lower value of glycemia (x=1.93?0.34 mmol/l) was established in the same group of cows at this time. In cows of the first experimental and the control group, glycemia was approximately the same during the examined period. In cows of the second experimental group on the 12th day after partus the glucose concentration significantly increased (x=2.42?0.58 mmol/l) against the values obtained for the 3rd day, but it was still significantly lower in comparison with the glycemia of cows of the first experimental (x=3.34?0.61 mmol/l) and the control group (x=3.48?0.49 mmol/l). Practically, throughout the entire period glycemia was statistically significantly lower in the second experimental group in comparison with the other two groups of cows. The degree of fatty liver on the 12th day postpartally, or five days after the end of treatment, was the lowest in cows of the second experimental group. In order to stress the differences, it is pointed out that there were two cows without fatty liver in the second group, while there were no such cows in the first experimental or in the control group. This group contained the smallest number of cows with a mean degree of fatty liver (n=2), while two cows had very strong fatty liver. There were no differences between the control and the first experimental group in the number of cows with a mean degree of fatty liver, with the exception that the control group had two and the first experimental group one cow with a mild degree of fatty liver. It seems that treatment using the preparation HEPARENOL, or methionine, lysine and choline, before and after parturition did not have a significant effect on the incidence and degree of fatty liver. Only cows with additional and simultaneous treatment with vitamin C had a lower incidence and degree of morphological changes in the liver, in addition to the sigfnificant changes in body condition and the blood glucose concentration.

Schwannoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 883-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharath Singh ◽  
Shanil Ramjettan ◽  
Tej Prakash J. Maharaj ◽  
Reena Ramsaroop
Keyword(s):  
Male Patient ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
The Third ◽  
Large Size

AbstractSchwannoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall, in a 36-year-old male patient is presented demonstrating the asymptomatic nature of the tumour (which is peculiar to schwannomas). The tumour gradually increased in size, destroyed the body of the third cervical vertebra but remained asymptomatic. The patient only presented to hospital when the tumour obstructed the airway, because of its large size.

TWO NEW PARASITES FROM EUPOEYA SLOSSONIÆ

1897 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 113-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Ashmead
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brownish Yellow ◽  
The Third ◽  
Basal Joint

♀.—Length, 4.5 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen above brownish-yellow; collar above, the middle mesothoracic lobe anteriorly, the lateral lobes and the metathorax, fuscous or blackish; head beneath mouth parts, pronotum, thorax at sides and beneath, tegulæ, legs and venter, white; the tarsi more or less and the femora toward apex with a decided yellowish tinge; stemmaticum dusky, the ocelli pale; occiput with two dusky spots. Antennæ 48-jointed, slender, much longer than the body, the scape and pedicel somewhat dusky, the flagellum pale brownish-yellow. Mesonotum smooth, trilobed, the metanotum shagreened. Wings hyaline; the costa, stigma, poststigmatal and basal veins pale yellowish, the other veins dusky; second abscissa of radius about three times as long as the first, the second submarginal cell, therefore, long, longer than the first and almost as long as the third Abdomen as long or possibly a little longer than the head and thorax united. Segments 1–3 coarsely longitudinally striated, the following almost smooth, but opaque; the first segment is scarcely as long as the second and third united, the third about half the length of the second, the fourth and following shorter, subequal; ovipositor distinctly exserted, scarcely as long as the basal joint of hind tarsi, the tip black. Type, No. 3648, U. S. N. M.

scholarly journals TUBERCULOSIS COUNTER (TC) AS THE EQUIPMENT TO MEASURE THE LEVEL OF TB IN SPUTUM

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Fendy Purwanda ◽  
Yufan Fibriawan ◽  
Dyar Sasmito ◽  
Fatkhunisa Rahmawati ◽  
Prihartini Widiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Color Sensor ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Optical Phenomena

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is the third killer disease aftercardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases, and is also he number one killer disease in a group of infectious diseases. This is partly due to the late handling and a non real time detection, both of which will inhibit the therapy which yields a large numberof microorganisms in the body, and will eventually complicate the recovery. Based on this phenomenon, we offered an alternativesolution for detecting the sum of microorganism using Tuberculosis Counter, a tool used to count the number of Tuberculosis bacteria in the patient's sputum. Technically, the patient's sputum preparat was screened using the TCS230 color sensor that was able to filter the color of the preparat. Tuberculosis bacteria in the stained sputum Ziehl-Niellsen preparat was colored red, while the other was colored blue. By utilizing these optical phenomena, the TCS230 color sensor was supposed to filter the red color in the preparat. By using regression equation measurement, we gained the equation which then correlated the bit value as an output of the sensor with the number of Tuberculosis bacteria. Then, the digitalization process yielded the real time and accurate data of Tuberculosis bacteria.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN THE RABBIT

1920 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade H. Brown ◽  
Louise Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Diffuse Infiltration ◽  
Cutaneous Eruption ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Fifth Toe ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tendo Achillis

From the study of a large number of rabbits with generalized cutaneous syphilis following local inoculation with Treponema pallidum, lesions were found most often about the hind feet and legs, the head, the front feet and legs, and the tail. There was further evidence of a selective distribution of cutaneous lesions in the fact that, on a given part of the body, the lesions were usually confined to a few restricted areas. About the head, they occurred almost exclusively on the sides and bridge of the nose, the lids, the brows, the lips, and the base and free portions of the ears. On the front feet and legs, the seat of predilection was the extensor and lateral surfaces of the fore arm, the carpus, and the feet, while on the posterior extremities they were situated upon the dorsum and lateral surfaces of the feet and ankles from the level of the tendo achillis to the base of the fifth toe. The positions of greatest frequency were the region of the tarsus and external malleolus, the base of the fifth metatarsal, the lateral and posterior surfaces of the heel and tendo achillis, and the base of the fifth toe. In many instances, the positions of predilection were exposed positions or areas of skin covering bony or tendinous prominences. It was also found that the character of the lesions differed somewhat in the various locations. The lesions of the head were mostly small circumscribed papules or processes of diffuse infiltration; on the fore arms and feet, affections of this type were about equally divided with larger granulomatous masses of a chancre-like character, while on the hind feet and legs, granulomatous lesions were far more numerous than those of any other type and frequently reached a very large size. The cutaneous eruption usually consisted of only a few lesions confined to some one part of the body, but occasionally they were more numerous and more widely distributed. In this connection, it was noted that when multiple lesions appeared in a given area at about the same time, the growth of most of them was abortive, and, as a rule, only one or two developed to any considerable size. Especial emphasis was placed upon this phenomenon of inhibition as a factor of fundamental importance in the experimental infection. From clinical observation, it was found that, as a rule, the first cutaneous eruption occurred at from 2 to 4 months after inoculation but might occur either earlier or later, depending upon the circumstances in the individual case. The earliest eruptions appeared 3 weeks after inoculation and the latest 2 years and 8 months, but, as a rule, the time between inoculation and the appearance of the first eruption did not exceed 4 to 6 months. Successive crops of cutaneous lesions appeared in a number of animals usually within the first 6 months after inoculation. In a few instances, however, there were repeated eruptions extending over a period of 2 years or more, the longest recorded period being 3 years and 7 months. The duration of individual lesions was found to be extremely variable, ranging from a few days in the case of a macular erythema to more than 2 years in the case of a few granulomatous lesions. The average duration of the lesions appeared to vary somewhat with the nature of the lesion but on the whole was not more than 2 to 4 months. No limits could be fixed, however, for the duration of an active skin infection as a whole. Again, it was found that the cutaneous infection tended to pursue a periodic or relapsing course. This was seen in the mode of growth and resolution of individual lesions, the occurrence of successive periods of eruption, and the recurrence of completely healed lesions, all of which was interpreted as evidence of the essential relapsing nature of syphilitic infections.

scholarly journals A Terapêutica na Terceira Idade e o Uso Racional de Medicamentos

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariete Regina Berti ◽  
Paulo Mayorga
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
False Belief ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dosage Recommendation ◽  
Third Age ◽  
The Third ◽  
Medicinal Therapy ◽  
Excessive Number

Resumo: O envelhecimento é um processo biológico e muitas doenças se desenvolvem nesta época da vida, devido à suscetibilidade natural do organismo. Existe uma falsa crença de que os medicamentos podem “curar” tudo, inclusive a velhice. A terapia medicamentosa, quando realmente necessária ao tratamento de algum estado patológico do paciente idoso, deve ser aplicada com restrições e de forma individualizada, pois a metabolização dos fármacos pode estar bastante diversa do esperado quando comparada à de adultos jovens. Ao contrário desta lógica, vemos um excesso de prescrições destinadas aos idosos, quando a prevenção das doenças seria mais coerente, mais saudável e menos onerosa. Além disto, outros elementos intrínsecos ao paciente idoso e ao seu comportamento são determinantes na terapêutica da terceira idade. A pesquisa sobre a utilização de fármacos (tipo, dose, indicação e uso) por parte desta população é necessária a fim de estabelecer a racionalização e otimização destes. Desta forma, o objeto central deste trabalho é fazer uma breve reflexão sobre os aspectos envolvidos na terapêutica da terceira idade, buscando com isto promover o uso racional de medicamentos por esta faixa da população. Palavras-chave: Medicamento. Terapêutica. Uso racional. Terceira idade. Abstract: The aging is a biological process and many illnesses appear in this time of life, due to the body natural susceptibility. There is a false belief that medicine can “cure” everything, including the old age. The medicinal therapy should be used with constraints and on an individualized way when it is really necessary to treat some pathologic conditions in an old patient since the drugs metabolism can be very diverse from the expected when compared to young adults. On the other hand, we see an excessive number of prescriptions to elderly, while the prevention to the diseases would be more coherent, healthier and less expensive. Besides, there are more intrinsic elements of the old patient as well as his behaviour which are crucial to the third age therapy. The research about the use of drugs (type, dosage, recommendation and usage) by this part of the population is necessary to establish their rationalization and optimization. Therefore this paper does a brief reflection about the aspects in the third age therapy trying to promote the rational use of drugs by these people. Keywords: Drugs. Therapy. Third age.

scholarly journals Face of the Human and Surface of the World

2011 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Walid El Khachab
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Universe

In this article, the surface of the world is envisaged as a face. Cinema as a record of this surface, and as a medium which “re-invented” the face in the close-up shot, makes it possible to reflect on the status of the human subject in the universe, thanks to the concept of cinematic pantheism. Following Elie Faure, the author underscores the pantheistic nature of cinema and claims that cinematic pantheism is the way by which film produces simultaneously transcendence and immanence, and materializes the unity of both, thus confirming Siegfried Kracauer's theory according to which man, nature and culture are part of the same “visible phenomena” in cinema. Cinema transforms all beings into surfaces: it operates by facialization and surfacialization. On the other hand, the article revisits Deleuze and Guattari's concept of faciality and argues that it describes a surface operating as the interface of the body in its interaction with other bodies in the media, the realm of the divine, or the universe. Thus faciality is also landscapity, and activating the camera means “transfiguring” the human (or the landscape) into face and introducing a vis-a-vis: the face of God, as immanent transcendence. In that sense, cinematic mysticism, as in Paradjanov's, Makhmalbaf's and Mikhalkov's films, is pantheistic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document