scholarly journals PREPARATION OF COLLODION SACS FOR USE IN BACTERIOLOGY

1921 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Gates

A standardized method is described in detail by which collodion sacs suitable for intraperitoneal incubation and for other bacteriological experiments may be produced in large numbers, sterilized, and handled with convenience and the minimum danger of contamination. Various factors influencing permeability have been subjected to experiment. Like Brown, we found that immersion in alcohol is the most important factor, but the high permeability conferred by alcohol treatment is lost during heat sterilization if the membrane was previously allowed to dry. Quantitative experiments on the dialysis of sodium chloride, and simple tests with other substances indicate the general character of the membranes and their probable field of usefulness in bacteriology.

1898 ◽  
Vol 63 (389-400) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  

In a paper read before this Society in June last it was state that certain metals, alloys, and other substances such as picture copal, printing ink, straw board, &c., were able to act even at distance on a sensitive photographic plate, producing effects simila in appearance and developed in the same way as plates which had been acted on by ordinary light. At that time sufficient experimental evidence had not been obtained to determine the nature of this action, or even to clearly indicate its general character, whether in fact the action arose from vapour given off by the active body or whether phosphorescence was produced which acted on the plate.


1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale L. Tipton ◽  
V. C. Sutherland ◽  
Thomas N. Burbridge ◽  
Alexander Simon

It was previously observed in man that chlorpromazine elevated the blood alcohol level above that expected after a standard dose of ethanol. The present study shows a similar elevation of blood alcohol in rabbits; furthermore, this elevation occurs whether the ethanol is given orally or intravenously. The magnitude of the elevation is less with intravenously administered alcohol. Since an increased absorption rate might explain this difference in magnitude, a detailed analysis of factors influencing absorption was done. Since chlorpromazine inhibits the sympathetic nervous system centrally and the parasympathetic peripherally, other autonomic blocking agents were studied for their effects on the blood alcohol level: reserpine was used for central sympathetic inhibition, atropine for peripheral parasympathetic inhibition, and hexamethonium for dual inhibition. Since none of these agents affected the blood alcohol level, nor did chlorpromazine elevate the blood level of other substances absorbed in a manner similar to ethanol, it was concluded that no part of the effect was due to an increase in absorption but that the effect probably was due entirely to an inhibition of metabolism.


Author(s):  
I. A. Magdich ◽  
V. P. Petrov ◽  
A. O. Pyatibrat

Relevance. The relevance of the problem is determined by the importance of rail transport in Russia for supporting a diversified economy and implementing socially important services for transportation of goods, baggage and passengers. A system of rapid response and medical assistance to victims in large-scale emergencies on the railway also exists due to large numbers of victims and remoteness of emergency areas from large settlements.Intention. To develop an algorithm for predicting irretrievable and sanitary losses depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents.Methods. A comprehensive analysis of the 200 most significant railway accidents in the world from 1960 to 2018. Using statistical procedures, the determinants of the number of victims were assessed.Results and discussion. The average data, the dispersion of the number of victims in emergency situations on the railway were determined depending on the nature of accidents. The factors influencing the number of sanitary and irretrievable losses are identified. A predictive algorithm to determine the number of victims depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents. The structure of injuries in victims depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents is described.Conclusion. The data obtained in the study will help in making decisions on the elimination of emergency situations on the railway. 


1951 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Way ◽  
P. M. Smith ◽  
B. Hopkins

A number of leaf-eating insects have been studied with the object of selecting species suitable for rearing in the laboratory.Four species have proved satisfactory for large-scale rearing throughout the year. These are Plutella maculipennis, Plusia gamma, Diataraxia oleracea and Phaedon cochleariae. A number of species possess certain disadvantages : (1) apparently obligate diapause (Mamestra brassicae, Sphinx ligustri). (2) The same as (1) with the additional disadvantage of lack of food-plant in winter (Lymantria dispar). (3) Uncertain copulation and oviposition (Pieris brassicae). When available, these species may be reared satisfactorily in large numbers.Mesographe forficalis, Xanthorhoë fluctuata, Lema melanopa and Crioceris asparagi have been reared in relatively small numbers. They possess certain disadvantages but should be satisfactory for large scale rearing at any rate during some part of the year.At present laboratory rearing of Phlogophora meticulosa, Agrotis segetum, Triphaena pronuba, Aclypea opaca and Athalia colibri is considered impracticable. A number of leaf-eating species, particularly Hymenoptera, which appear to possess suitable qualities for laboratory rearing, have not yet been obtained and studied in the laboratory.Particular attention has been paid to factors influencing development of leaffeeding insects with the object of determining the conditions under which healthy stocks of uniform resistance can be maintained. The results of experiments on the effect of food-plant, temperature, humidity and illumination are described. Studies on the factors influencing diapause in the various species are mentioned. Descriptions, are given of the rearing techniques that have been developed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S229-S229
Author(s):  
Desiree N Williford ◽  
Alaina Tiani ◽  
Gabrielle N Harrah ◽  
Kristine Durkin ◽  
Linda Leonard ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Based on research showing the benefits of camp settings, our overnight, 5-day summer camp is designed to provide social support, acceptance, rehabilitation, and normative childhood experiences for our pediatric burn survivors (ages 7–17). Typical recreational activities (e.g., swimming, sports, crafts) and burn-specific programming (e.g., peer support discussions) are infused into camp. Despite this enriching opportunity, some individuals decide not to attend camp. The purpose of this quality improvement study was to better understand factors influencing decisions not to attend our summer camp and to identify strategies for overcoming these barriers to optimize attendance in the future. Methods Beginning in February 2019, we attempted to contact and interview 81 guardians of children who were eligible and invited to our summer camp but did not attend in 2017 and/or 2018. Attempts to contact were made via telephone by a trained burncamp staff member. Three attempts to contact were made per family unless otherwise reached. Our interview guide elicited reasons that led to their decision not to attend camp. Interviews were completed in approximately 30 minutes or less. Results Sixty-four contacts were unsuccessful, resulting in a 79% failure to contact rate. Only 17 individuals (21%) were successfully contacted. Thirteen caregivers (16%) completed the interview via telephone, while 4 (5%) refused to take part in the interview. Principal reasons for non-attendance included school attendance, parental beliefs about camp (e.g., child being away from home), other conflicting activities (e.g., other camps, vacations), and perceived lack of need for support (e.g., my child is doing well/does not need to go to a burn camp). Conclusions Despite the positive psychosocial outcomes observed among survivors who attend camp, large numbers of families and youth are not attending. While the purpose of the study was to explore factors influencing decisions not to attend camp, we also learned that it is important to address barriers to successfully contacting families. Challenges in planning the logistics of camp, specific strategies for engaging families over time, and ideas for addressing reported barriers to attendance (e.g., empowering well-adjusted survivors to attend to support others) will be discussed in this presentation. Applicability of Research to Practice Results from this quality improvement project have impacted camp planning and recruitment strategies. Findings may lead to increased enrollment rates and enhanced awareness of camp and its benefits.


2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Turgeon

Photoassimilates and other substances accumulate against concentration gradients in the phloem, a process known as loading. In mature leaves, the sieve element–companion cell complexes (SE–CCCs) of minor veins, where loading occurs, are connected to surrounding cells by plasmodesmata. These pores appear to participate in loading in plants that translocate raffinose and stachyose, but in sucrose- and polyol-translocating species their function is less certain. Indeed, large numbers of plasmodesmata between the SE–CCCs and surrounding cells should cause a dissolution of the concentration gradient unless the size exclusion limit of the pores is small enough to retain accumulated solute species. In leaves of willow, Salix babylonica L., a sucrose-translocating plant with a high degree of symplastic connectivity into the minor vein phloem, the sucrose concentration gradient is absent between mesophyll and phloem, leading to the conclusion that phloem loading does not occur. Once inside the SE–CCC, solute may be able to pass freely between sieve elements and companion cells since they are also symplastically connected. However, due to net flux into the sieve tubes in source leaves, this should cause a continual drain of metabolic intermediates out of companion cells. It is proposed that this transport step is regulated in minor veins to prevent continual loss of needed solute molecules to the translocation stream.


2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1444-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEONG-HUN KANG ◽  
KAZUNORI KITO ◽  
FUSAO KONDO

The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between bisphenol A (BPA) migration from metal cans and container contents (glucose, sodium chloride, and vegetable oil), heating time, and/or temperature. Cans containing 5 to 20% glucose solution, 1 to 10% sodium chloride solution, and vegetable oils (corn, olive, and soybean oil) were heated at 121°C for 30 min. Water samples were heated at 105°C for 30 min and at 121°C for 15, 30, and 60 min, respectively. In the test involving water samples, it was found that temperature's effect on BPA migration from cans can be more extensive than that of heating time. When cans were heated at 121°C, the presence of 1 to 10% sodium chloride or vegetable oils greatly increased the migration of BPA from the cans. Moreover, the presence of 5 to 20% glucose in cans heated to 121°C resulted in increased BPA migration relative to that for water controls.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Erni Yusnida Ariffin ◽  
Nur Emma Mustafa ◽  
Maimunah Sapri

Traditionally, Facility Managers (FM) have often been handed over large numbers of files (hard and soft copies) consisting of among others drawings, specifications, operation and maintenance manuals together with product data sheets in order for them to carry out their tasks in managing facilities. This practice may indicate that information exchange between the AEC and FM phases is still fragmented. The FM phase of the construction project life cycle remains the most disconnected from the rest of the cycle. Therefore, the integration of FM at the early phase of BIM project is expected to fully engage BIM technology and bring potential significant value to assets and estates. This paper is part of a research that aims to identify the influence of knowledge and persuasion on deciding whether to adopt or reject BIM-FM integration at the early phase of BIM. Rogers' Theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DoI) has been applied to support the formation of the conceptual framework. Connecting the organisational characteristics associated with adoption innovation literature with the factors influencing the integration process (innovation characteristics, adopter characteristics, internal and external environment characteristics) brings interesting research potential that is not commonly investigated. This paper aims to have a relatively comprehensive view of the factors that can influence the adoption or rejection of BIM-FM integration at the early stage of the decision phase.


1948 ◽  
Vol 26c (2) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hedlin ◽  
J. D. Newton

A study was made of the growth of rhizobia outside the host plant in three high humus mixtures and a mineral soil. Rhizobia grew better in pure cultures than in an unsterile base. Incubation in Erlenmeyer flasks gave, as a rule, higher counts than in paper cartons. Addition of a mixture of sucrose, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, dipotassium phosphate, and magnesium sulphate led to increased numbers of rhizobia in pure culture in all bases used, and produced increased numbers in the unsterilized mineral soil also. Addition of this mixture to the unsterile high humus bases increased the total numbers of bacteria, but not the number of rhizobia. When the bases were sterilized, the highest counts of rhizobia were obtained in the high humus bases. When sterilization was not carried out, the greatest numbers of rhizobia occurred in the mineral soil. In tightly stoppered flasks that did not permit aeration, the rhizobia appeared to die out completely when stored for more than a few days, whereas in loosely stoppered flasks the counts remained at a high level until the base became desiccated.


1950 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. RAMSAY

1. A method of integrative flame photometry is described, by which the amount of sodium in biological fluids can be determined, using samples of the order of 10-3 cu.mm. 2. With pure solutions of sodium chloride, of concentration from 0.05 to 2.0 %, the average error of the method is about 3 % of the concentration. 3. When other substances are present systematic errors of up to 7.7 % have been recorded. 4. The possibilities of reducing these systematic errors and of extending the method to deal with other elements are discussed.


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