scholarly journals ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES ON PR8 INFLUENZA VIRUS

1944 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Lorenz Miller ◽  
Max A. Lauffer ◽  
W. M. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
Electrophoresis Method

Crude preparations of PR8 influenza virus, obtained by high-speed centrifugation, contain two electrophoretically distinct components. One of these, present to the extent of 10 to 20 per cent, was identified by electrophoresis, centrifuge, and activity tests, as an impurity similar to or identical with a high molecular weight acidic substance shown by Knight to be elaborated by normal uninfected embryos. The other component, present to the extent of 80 to 90 per cent, appeared to represent the active virus. The virus fraction was separated from the impurity by repeated fractional centrifugation. It then appeared homogeneous in the analytical centrifuge and in the Tiselius apparatus, and possessed an isoelectric point at pH 5.3 as measured by the micro-electrophoresis method.

Rapid Isolation of High Molecular Weight Urokinase from Native Human Urine

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Huber ◽  
Johannes Kirchheimer ◽  
Bernd R Binder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Apparent Homogeneity ◽  
Sequential Adsorption

SummaryUrokinase (UK) could be purified to apparent homogeneity starting from crude urine by sequential adsorption and elution of the enzyme to gelatine-Sepharose and agmatine-Sepharose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The purified product exhibited characteristics of the high molecular weight urokinase (HMW-UK) but did contain two distinct entities, one of which exhibited a two chain structure as reported for the HMW-UK while the other one exhibited an apparent single chain structure. The purification described is rapid and simple and results in an enzyme with probably no major alterations. Yields are high enough to obtain purified enzymes for characterization of UK from individual donors.

Barricyclin D1—a dimeric ellagitannin with a macrocyclic structure—and accompanying tannins from Barringtonia racemosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Yoshikawa ◽  
Lih-Geeng Chen ◽  
Morio Yoshimura ◽  
Yoshiaki Amakura ◽  
Tsutomu Hatano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannin ◽  
The Family ◽  
Macrocyclic Structure

Abstract Our examination of high molecular weight polyphenolic constituents in the leaves of Barringtonia racemosa of the family Lecythidaceae uncovered five previously undescribed ellagitannins. One, barringtin M1 (1), among them was a hydrolysable tannin monomer, while remaining four, barringtins D1 (2), D2 (3), D3 (4) and barricyclin D1 (5), were all dimers. Barricyclin D1 had a first macrocyclic structure formed from casuarictin (6) and tellimagrandin I (7), and the other ellagitannins had structures related to 5. Two additional known phenolics, valoneic acid dilactone (8) and schimawalin A (9), were also isolated from the leaves. These results suggested that the leaves of B. racemosa is a natural resource rich in hydrolysable tannin oligomers.

High-speed gel-spinning of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Pennings ◽  
R. J. van der Hooft ◽  
A. R. Postema ◽  
W. Hoogsteen ◽  
G. ten Brinke
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gel Spinning ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

scholarly journals THE SIZE OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

1944 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Sedimentation Behavior ◽  
Virus Activity ◽  
Sedimentation Constant

The sedimentation behavior of influenza virus in dilute solutions of electrolyte was found to be quite variable. At times the virus activity appeared to sediment at a rate comparable with that of particles about 80 to 120 mµ in diameter, at other times at a rate comparable with that of particles about 10 mµ in diameter, and at still other times the bulk of the activity appeared to sediment at a rate comparable with that of the larger particles and the residual activity at a rate comparable with that of the smaller particles. However, in the presence of a sucrose density gradient, the virus activity was always found to sediment with a rate comparable to that of particles about 80 to 120 mµ in diameter; hence it appeared that the variable sedimentation behavior in dilute electrolyte solution was due to convection or mechanical disturbances during centrifugation. About 30 per cent of the high molecular weight protein present in the allantoic fluid of chick embryos infected with the F 12 strain of influenza virus was found to consist of a component having a sedimentation constant of about 30 S, and hence a probable particle diameter of about 10 mµ. The residual protein of high molecular weight was present in the form of a component having a sedimentation constant of about 600 S, and hence a probable particle diameter of about 70 mµ. The proportion of the 30 S component in allantoic fluid of chick embryos infected with the PR8 strain of influenza virus was found to be considerably less. The 600 S and 30 S components of F 12 allantoic fluid were purified and separated by differential centrifugation. The purified preparations of the 600 S component were found to possess a specific virus activity from 100 to over 10,000 times that of the purified preparations of the 30 S component, the difference in activity apparently depending only on the degree of fractionation of the two components. The purified 30 S component was found to sediment normally in the presence of 12 per cent sucrose, whereas the small residual virus activity of such preparations was found to sediment in the presence of a sucrose density gradient with a rate comparable to that of much heavier particles. It is concluded that influenza virus activity is not associated with material having a particle diameter of about 10 mµ, but is associated solely with material having a sedimentation constant of about 600 S and hence a probable particle diameter of about 70 mµ.

Mechanism of Rupture of High Polymers

1961 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Gul
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
High Polymer ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
High Molecular Weight Material ◽  
Grinding Conditions

Abstract In connection with the wide distribution of high molecular weight compounds and the great successes in the field of synthesis of these materials, the study of the general principles of the processes of irreversible deformation and rupture of high polymer materials may be included among the important tasks of science and technology. In some cases it is desired to increase to the maximum the strength of the high molecular weight material, as for example in preparing articles from synthetic fibers, rubbers, plastics, etc., while on the other hand in others an increase in strength is undesirable. Thus, for example, food products, into whose composition high molecular weight materials are introduced, should naturally not be too strong. The preparation of reclaim from used rubber articles includes grinding. Here it is attempted to find such a combination of grinding conditions that will proceed with the minimum consumption of energy. In order to have the possibility of increasing or decreasing the strength of the high molecular weight substances, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of ruptures and to know what is the relation between the forces of reaction between the structural elements of the material and tensile strength.

Modification of biological activities of Ricinus communis agglutinin by cross-linking with formaldehyde

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Turpin ◽  
J. Wantyghem ◽  
P. Beaudry ◽  
D. Néel ◽  
Y. Goussault
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Ricinus Communis Agglutinin

Formaldehyde treatment of Ricinus communis agglutinin, a nonmitogenic toxic 120 000 molecular weight (MW) lectin, yielded two distinct protein fractions: one was heterogeneous and contained high molecular weight lectin polymers (> 120 000), and the other was a homogeneous 120 000 MW protein. Both fractions lost their cytotoxicity after formaldehyde treatment and stimulated thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes. Binding of both treated lectin fractions to lymphocytes exhibited positive cooperativity, whereas binding of untreated lectin did not.

Extraction and Partial Characterisation of Hydrocolloid Gums from Some African Legumes

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Saidou ◽  
Jean Bosco Tchatchueng ◽  
Robert Ndjouenkeu ◽  
Denis CD Roux
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Viscosity Measurements ◽  
Galactose Residue ◽  
Partial Characterisation ◽  
Oil Water

In an attempt to understand the potential valorisation of local African legumes, hydrocolloids of five legumes (Corchorus olithorus, Triumfetta cordifolia, Cerathoteca sesamoides, Adansona digitata, and Bridelia thermifolia) were extracted and characterised as polysaccharides. All the gum extracted were rich in galactose residue (31-62 percent), suggesting a galactan backbone for the polysaccharides structure. The other sugar residues of the polysaccharides were arabinose (22-30 percent) in T. cordifolia and B. thermifolia, glucose (22-36 percent) in B. thermofolia, A. digitata and C. olithorus, and mannose (32.9 percent) in C. sesamoides. The intrinsic viscosity measurements showed that gums from T. cordifolia, B. thermifolia, C sesamoides and C. olithorus are high molecular weight polymers, while A. digitata contains low molecular weight polymers. The gum extracts also showed oil/water emulsion activity and were able to keep 60-90 percent of the emulsion stable on heating.

scholarly journals Conversion between renin and high-molecular-weight renin in the dog

1978 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Funakawa ◽  
Y Funae ◽  
K Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Renal Cortical Tissue

Two forms of renin, one of mol.wt. 43,000 and the other 60,000, were found in the dog kidney. Conversion between the two forms of renin was reversible at neutral pH. Though the molecular weight of renin in kidney-cortex homogenate was 43,000, it was completely converted into high-molecular-weight renin in the presence of substances that react with thiol groups. On the contrary, stored renin in the granules was the form of normal size (mol. wt. 43,000) regardless of the absence or presence of such substances. The present experiments indicated that renin is stored in the granules as the form of normal size and might be converted into high-molecular-weight renin when it is released from the granules and attached to some substance in the soluble fraction of renal-cortical tissue.

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