Barricyclin D1—a dimeric ellagitannin with a macrocyclic structure—and accompanying tannins from Barringtonia racemosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Yoshikawa ◽  
Lih-Geeng Chen ◽  
Morio Yoshimura ◽  
Yoshiaki Amakura ◽  
Tsutomu Hatano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannin ◽  
The Family ◽  
Macrocyclic Structure

Abstract Our examination of high molecular weight polyphenolic constituents in the leaves of Barringtonia racemosa of the family Lecythidaceae uncovered five previously undescribed ellagitannins. One, barringtin M1 (1), among them was a hydrolysable tannin monomer, while remaining four, barringtins D1 (2), D2 (3), D3 (4) and barricyclin D1 (5), were all dimers. Barricyclin D1 had a first macrocyclic structure formed from casuarictin (6) and tellimagrandin I (7), and the other ellagitannins had structures related to 5. Two additional known phenolics, valoneic acid dilactone (8) and schimawalin A (9), were also isolated from the leaves. These results suggested that the leaves of B. racemosa is a natural resource rich in hydrolysable tannin oligomers.

Rapid Isolation of High Molecular Weight Urokinase from Native Human Urine

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Huber ◽  
Johannes Kirchheimer ◽  
Bernd R Binder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Apparent Homogeneity ◽  
Sequential Adsorption

SummaryUrokinase (UK) could be purified to apparent homogeneity starting from crude urine by sequential adsorption and elution of the enzyme to gelatine-Sepharose and agmatine-Sepharose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The purified product exhibited characteristics of the high molecular weight urokinase (HMW-UK) but did contain two distinct entities, one of which exhibited a two chain structure as reported for the HMW-UK while the other one exhibited an apparent single chain structure. The purification described is rapid and simple and results in an enzyme with probably no major alterations. Yields are high enough to obtain purified enzymes for characterization of UK from individual donors.

scholarly journals ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES ON PR8 INFLUENZA VIRUS

1944 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Lorenz Miller ◽  
Max A. Lauffer ◽  
W. M. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
Electrophoresis Method

Crude preparations of PR8 influenza virus, obtained by high-speed centrifugation, contain two electrophoretically distinct components. One of these, present to the extent of 10 to 20 per cent, was identified by electrophoresis, centrifuge, and activity tests, as an impurity similar to or identical with a high molecular weight acidic substance shown by Knight to be elaborated by normal uninfected embryos. The other component, present to the extent of 80 to 90 per cent, appeared to represent the active virus. The virus fraction was separated from the impurity by repeated fractional centrifugation. It then appeared homogeneous in the analytical centrifuge and in the Tiselius apparatus, and possessed an isoelectric point at pH 5.3 as measured by the micro-electrophoresis method.

Mechanism of Rupture of High Polymers

1961 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Gul
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
High Polymer ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
High Molecular Weight Material ◽  
Grinding Conditions

Abstract In connection with the wide distribution of high molecular weight compounds and the great successes in the field of synthesis of these materials, the study of the general principles of the processes of irreversible deformation and rupture of high polymer materials may be included among the important tasks of science and technology. In some cases it is desired to increase to the maximum the strength of the high molecular weight material, as for example in preparing articles from synthetic fibers, rubbers, plastics, etc., while on the other hand in others an increase in strength is undesirable. Thus, for example, food products, into whose composition high molecular weight materials are introduced, should naturally not be too strong. The preparation of reclaim from used rubber articles includes grinding. Here it is attempted to find such a combination of grinding conditions that will proceed with the minimum consumption of energy. In order to have the possibility of increasing or decreasing the strength of the high molecular weight substances, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of ruptures and to know what is the relation between the forces of reaction between the structural elements of the material and tensile strength.

Modification of biological activities of Ricinus communis agglutinin by cross-linking with formaldehyde

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Turpin ◽  
J. Wantyghem ◽  
P. Beaudry ◽  
D. Néel ◽  
Y. Goussault
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Ricinus Communis Agglutinin

Formaldehyde treatment of Ricinus communis agglutinin, a nonmitogenic toxic 120 000 molecular weight (MW) lectin, yielded two distinct protein fractions: one was heterogeneous and contained high molecular weight lectin polymers (> 120 000), and the other was a homogeneous 120 000 MW protein. Both fractions lost their cytotoxicity after formaldehyde treatment and stimulated thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes. Binding of both treated lectin fractions to lymphocytes exhibited positive cooperativity, whereas binding of untreated lectin did not.

Extraction and Partial Characterisation of Hydrocolloid Gums from Some African Legumes

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Saidou ◽  
Jean Bosco Tchatchueng ◽  
Robert Ndjouenkeu ◽  
Denis CD Roux
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Viscosity Measurements ◽  
Galactose Residue ◽  
Partial Characterisation ◽  
Oil Water

In an attempt to understand the potential valorisation of local African legumes, hydrocolloids of five legumes (Corchorus olithorus, Triumfetta cordifolia, Cerathoteca sesamoides, Adansona digitata, and Bridelia thermifolia) were extracted and characterised as polysaccharides. All the gum extracted were rich in galactose residue (31-62 percent), suggesting a galactan backbone for the polysaccharides structure. The other sugar residues of the polysaccharides were arabinose (22-30 percent) in T. cordifolia and B. thermifolia, glucose (22-36 percent) in B. thermofolia, A. digitata and C. olithorus, and mannose (32.9 percent) in C. sesamoides. The intrinsic viscosity measurements showed that gums from T. cordifolia, B. thermifolia, C sesamoides and C. olithorus are high molecular weight polymers, while A. digitata contains low molecular weight polymers. The gum extracts also showed oil/water emulsion activity and were able to keep 60-90 percent of the emulsion stable on heating.

scholarly journals Conversion between renin and high-molecular-weight renin in the dog

1978 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Funakawa ◽  
Y Funae ◽  
K Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Renal Cortical Tissue

Two forms of renin, one of mol.wt. 43,000 and the other 60,000, were found in the dog kidney. Conversion between the two forms of renin was reversible at neutral pH. Though the molecular weight of renin in kidney-cortex homogenate was 43,000, it was completely converted into high-molecular-weight renin in the presence of substances that react with thiol groups. On the contrary, stored renin in the granules was the form of normal size (mol. wt. 43,000) regardless of the absence or presence of such substances. The present experiments indicated that renin is stored in the granules as the form of normal size and might be converted into high-molecular-weight renin when it is released from the granules and attached to some substance in the soluble fraction of renal-cortical tissue.

Proteinases inTrichomonas vaginalisandTritrichomonas mobilensisare not exclusively of cysteine type

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bózner ◽  
P. Demeš
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors

SUMMARYHigh molecular weight proteinases ofTrichomonas vaginalis(with apparentMrvalues 142 and > 220 kDa) andTritrichomonas mobilensis(Mr67, 86, 104 and 120 kDa), optimally active at pH 8, were analysed in gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels. All of these proteinases were resistant to serine-, aspartic- as well as cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Both proteolytic bands inT. vaginalisand two proteinases inT. mobilensis(67 and 104 kDa) were inhibited by EDTA and EGTA suggesting that they belong to the metallo-proteinase class. The 67 kDa proteinase ofT. mobilensiswas inhibited also byo-phenanthroline. The other two bands ofT. mobilensis(86, 120 kDa) were not classified to any proteinase group since they appeared to be resistant to the chelating agents tested in this study.

Identification of non-cross-reacting antigens of Onchocerca volvulus with lymphatic filariasis serum pools

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lobos ◽  
N. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Onchocerca Volvulus ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARYOnchocerca volvulus proteins labelled with 125I were immunoprecipitated with onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis human serum pools in order to differentiate between cross-reacting and non-cross-reacting antigens. Analysis of the immunoprecipitates by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that all high molecular weight (Mr) O. volvulus antigens cross-reacted with the lymphatic filariasis serum pools. We observed, however, that at least 8 0. volvulus antigens were specifically immunoprecipitated only by the onchocerciasis serum pools, with Mr ranging from 20000 up to 43000 Daltons. These results suggest that the lower MrO. volvulus antigens are more species specific than the other antigens. The significance of these findings for the immunodiagnosis of onchocerciasis is discussed.

The heterogeneity of two Canadian kraft lignins

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Thring ◽  
S.L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
C Nmr

Two kraft lignins, one precipitated with carbon dioxide and the other with sulphuric acid, have been fractionated into three distinct fractions by sequential extraction using organic solvents of increasing hydrogen-bonding capacity. The lignins and fractions were comparatively characterized in terms of yield, methoxyl group content, molecular weight distribution, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. For a given lignin, the fractions showed differences in yield, composition, and chemical structure. A significant portion (21%) of the carbon dioxide precipitated kraft lignin is composed of ethyl acetate soluble material of low molecular weight. This fraction, which is richer in guaiacyl moieties than the other fractions, is virtually absent in the sulphuric acid precipitated kraft lignin. The occurrence of "tails" in the high molecular weight fraction, especially from the carbon dioxide precipitated kraft lignin, suggests the presence of material of very high molecular weight. Data from 13C NMR spectroscopy does little to elucidate the nature or origin of the material causing these tails. Keywords: kraft lignins, heterogeneity, fractionation, characterization.

The isolation and properties of 1·6 S γ -histone from calf thymocytes

1958 ◽  
Vol 149 (934) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions

The isolation of 1·6 S γ -histone is described, its amino-acid composition recorded and an account given of some of its physicochemical properties. Its molecular weight has been calculated from sedimentation velocities to be 74000 in its unaggregated condition. It thus represents a second histone of high molecular weight present in the nuclei of calf thymocytes. Both β and 1·6 S γ -histone are distinguished from the other four components in their ability to undergo aggregation. The γ -histone, however, does not aggregate so readily or so extensively as does β -histone. These two histones are also clearly distinguished by their amino-acid compositions.

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