BACTERIOSTATIC EFFECT OF HUMAN SERA ON GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI

1. Type-specific antibodies were demonstrated by the indirect bacteriostatic test in sera from human adults convalescing from group A streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract. The time of appearance of the antibodies varied from 3 to 5 weeks; and they persisted in 2 patients for at least 37 weeks after the onset of the infection. 2. The specificity of the antibody response in one serum was tested with strains of 7 heterologous types; in another, with 6; and in the third, with 2; but in no instance were cross-reactions observed. Moreover, each convalescent serum showed approximately equal bacteriostasis for 7 different strains of the same type as that which caused the infection. 3. The antibodies were specifically absorbed from the serum by homologous heat-killed streptococci, but not significantly by strains of heterologous types. 4. The specific M antigen of the streptococcal cell with its respective antibody, and not the T substance, appeared to be concerned in the reaction. 5. In spite of numerous technical difficulties inherent in the method, this bacteriostatic test provides a useful procedure for studying type-specific immunity in streptococcal infections.

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Splenomegaly in acute infections due to group A streptococci and viruses

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800050160 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 199-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. M. Higgins

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Streptococcal Infection ◽

Group A Streptococci ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽

Acute Infections ◽

Group A ◽

Coxsackie B Viruses ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Coxsackie B

SUMMARYOver a period of 9 years in general practice temporary enlargement of the spleen was found in 29 episodes of pharyngitis or tonsillitis, in 2 episodes of acute upper respiratory tract infection other than pharyngitis and in 6 episodes of acute cervical lymphadenitis. In five patients more than one episode of illness associated with splenomegaly was recorded.In 26 of the 37 episodes a possible aetiology was identified. Evidence only of infection with group A streptococci was found in 14 episodes, adenoviruses or coxsackie B viruses were isolated alone in 4 episodes and in 4 episodes the only finding was the presence in the blood of more than occasional atypical mononuclear cells; in 4 episodes there was evidence of both streptococcal and viral infection. Episodes with evidence of streptococcal infection only tended to be of shorter duration and to be more evenly distributed over the year than were episodes without such evidence. Temporary splenomegaly was noted also in two children with varicella (one of whom also had streptococcal infection) and in an adult with probable rubella.

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AN EPIDEMIC OF GROUP A, TYPE I STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS IN NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.18.3.438 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 438-447

Author(s):

William H. Langewisch

Keyword(s):

Streptococcal Infection ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Type I ◽

Streptococcal Infections ◽

Deep Tissue ◽

Pertinent Literature ◽

Upper Respiratory Infection ◽

Group A ◽

Upper Respiratory

An epidemic of group A, type 1 streptococcal infection occurring in newborn infants is described. Uncomplicated omphalitis constituted the majority of infections; three patients developed a deep tissue infection of the extremities as a secondary complication. Investigation revealed an upper respiratory infection due to a group A, type 1 streptococcus in a pediatrician as the probable source of the epidemic. Therapy and recurrences of infection after inadequate treatment are discussed. A review of the pertinent literature indicates the rarity of such an epidemic.

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Comparison of Erythromycin Ethyl Succinate, Stearate and Estolate Treatments of Group A Streptococcal Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/000992287501401202 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 1098-1110 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. S. Janicki ◽

J. C. Garnham ◽

M. C. Worland ◽

W. E. Grundy ◽

J. R. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Oral Treatment ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Streptococcal Infections ◽

Acute Group ◽

Clinical Responses ◽

Group A ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Initiation Of Therapy

The microbiologic and clinical responses of acute Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections of the upper respiratory tract to oral treatment with erythromycin ethyl succinate, stearate, and estolate were studied in 303 patients. Streptococcal M and T typing was done on all positive cultures. The overall cure rate was 95.4 per cent, with no statistically significant differences in clearing organisms from the pharynx. Of the 285 cured patients who completed the prescribed follow-up period, 11 had recurrences between the 12th and 31st day after initiation of therapy, and five developed new infections. No cases of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis were encountered during a follow-up study. Eight gastrointestinal reactions and one transient rash occurred. Results with these forms of erythromycin compare favorably with published results for similar infections treated with oral penicillins.

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STUDYING UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT BACTERIAL COLONISATION BY PCR IN SALIVA– GOOD FOR GROUP A STREP AND STAPH, SATISFACTORY FOR PNEUMOCOCCUS AND HAEMOPHILUS, POOR FOR MORAXELLA

10.26226/morressier.58fa1765d462b80290b50aa2 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Adam Finn

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Bacterial Colonisation ◽

Group A ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Good For

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory tract infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1164218.624916 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Craig Hersh

Keyword(s):

Tract Infection ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

The Third ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Upper Respiratory

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Streptococcal pharyngitis in general practice. 1. Some unusual features of the epidemiology

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800050147 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 181-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. M. Higgins

Keyword(s):

Sore Throat ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽

Group A Streptococci ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Acute Infections ◽

Group A ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Highly Correlated

SUMMARYThis report is based on a study of acute infections of the upper respiratory tract in 1965 and detailed records of such infections in 1963 and 1964. A change from illnesses mainly yielding viruses to illnesses mainly yielding group A streptococci was noted around the age of 5 years. A positive culture for group A streptococci in patients over 4 years of age was highly correlated with a complaint of sore throat and with serological evidence of streptococcal infection. A bimodal age distribution curve for pharyngitis associated with a positive culture for group A streptococci was consistently noted. The incidence was highest in children aged 5–9 but a second smaller peak occurred among adults in the 30–39 age group. The evidence suggests that being female increases the risk of acquiring group A streptococci and of experiencing sore throat.

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COVID-19 pandemic in children of Сhernivtsi region: clinical features and annual treatment experience

CHILD`S HEALTH ◽

10.22141/2224-0551.16.3.2021.233907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 225-232

Author(s):

O.K. Кoloskova ◽

T.M. Bilous ◽

N.V. Gopko ◽

M.B. Myroniuk

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Analysis ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Inpatient Treatment ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

The Third ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Inflammatory Syndrome

Background. The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been going on for more than a year and is a problem for the health care system worldwide. At the same time, there are few studies on the peculiarities of COVID-19 in children, in particular how clinical symptoms have changed during the year with the change of types of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Objective was to conduct a retrospective generalized analysis of the clinical course, laboratory markers and features of treatment in pediatric cases of COVID-19 in Chernivtsi region. Materials and methods. Using the retrospective cohort method, 263 clinical cases of COVID-19 in children of the Chernivtsi region hospitalized for the period of March 2020 — March 2021 were analyzed. Results. In this work, a dynamic analysis was performed of the clinical features of COVID-19 course in the population of children of Chernivtsi region, who were hospitalized during March 2020 — March 2021 at inpatient departments with signs of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. The first group included 65 patients who were treated in the second quarter of 2020, the second group consisted of 90 children who underwent inpatient treatment in the third quarter of 2020, the third group included 87 children who were treated in the fourth quarter of 2020, and the fourth group consisted of 21 children who underwent inpatient treatment in the first quarter of 2021. It was found that the frequency of complaints of malaise was due to infectious-inflammatory, intoxication and catarrhal symptom complexes, although in contrast to the onset of the pandemic, the complaints and signs of intoxication and asthenic syndromes, infectious-inflammatory syndromes, nonspecific neurological symptoms increased with a relatively stable rate of lesions of the upper respiratory tract. In the first quarter of 2021, there was an increase in cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (odds ratio = 6.5) and community-acquired pneumonia (odds ratio = 2.7). Conclusions. A dynamic analysis of the course of COVID-19 in children has demonstrated phenotypic deviations of the disease with torpidity to the prescribed treatment for nonspecific symptoms of disorders of the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract with a decrease in duration and severity of fever, increased incidence of pneumonia (odds ratio = 2.7) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (odds ratio = 6.5).

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Significance of Quantitative Salivary Cultures for Group A and Non-group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci in Patients with Pharyngitis and in Their Family Contacts

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.64.6.904 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 904-912

Author(s):

Edward L. Kaplan ◽

Robert Couser ◽

Barbara Ballard Huwe ◽

Carolyn Mckay ◽

Lewis W. Wannamaker

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Group A Streptococci ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Throat Culture ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Group A ◽

Bona Fide ◽

Upper Respiratory

One hundred ninety-six individuals, 86 with clinically overt pharyngotonsillitis and 110 of their clinically negative contacts were studied to evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of quantitative saliva cultures for group A β-hemolytic streptococci. We also compared this technique with semiquantitative throat cultures as a means of isolating group A streptococci and of differentiating the streptococcal carrier state from patients with bona fide streptococcal upper respiratory tract infection as defmed by the presence of an antibody response. The data indicate that the throat culture is a more reliable means of identifying group A β-hemolytic streptococci in the upper respiratory tract than is the saliva culture. The converse is true for non-group A β-hemolytic streptococci; the saliva culture is a much better means for isolating these organisms. In individuals positive by both techniques we found good correlation between the degree of positivity of the saliva culture and the degree of positivity of the throat culture. Furthermore, while there was a definite trend for individuals with strongly positive cultures to demonstrate more often an antibody rise in either antistreptolysin O and/or antideoxynibonuclease B—indicating bona fide infection—this relationship was not sufficiently constant to provide a clear differentiation. This study also indicates that discordance (one positive, one negative) of simultaneous duplicate semiquantitative throat cultures is much more common among individuals who do not show an antibody response ("carriers") than among those with an antibody response (bona fide infection). This study confirms our previous observations suggesting that the presence of C-reactive protein in the serum of patients with a positive culture for group A streptococci and clinical signs and symptoms of pharyngitis is often an indication of true streptococcal upper respiratory tract infection, and that even with a positive saliva culture at the initial visit, a negative C-reactive protein is only infrequently (25%) associated with an antibody response.

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