scholarly journals THE AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF RABBIT FIBROBLASTS, STRAIN RM3-56

1957 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Haff ◽  
H. E. Swim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Cellular Degeneration ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Dialyzed Serum

Strain RM3-56 of rabbit fibroblasts was found to require arginine, cystine, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine for growth in a medium containing 2 per cent dialyzed serum as the only undefined component. The requirement for serine is less specific than that of the other 13 amino acids and it is partially replaced by glycine, or alanine, or by several combinations of so called accessory amino acids. The concentrations of essential amino acids which permit maximal proliferation range from 0.005 to 0.3 mM. Cystine, glutamine, lysine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine are toxic at concentrations of 5 mM. The rate of proliferation of RM3-56 in a medium containing all 14 essential amino acids is increased significantly by the addition of alanine and to a lesser extent by the addition of aspartic and glutamic acids and glycine. A deficiency of cystine or glutamine results in cellular degeneration within 3 to 5 days, whereas the cells remain in good condition for 2 to 3 weeks in the absence of each of the remaining 12 essential amino acids. The results obtained with RM3-56 are compared with strains HeLa, L, and U12, whose amino acid requirements have been investigated under similar conditions.

THE AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF A PERMANENT STRAIN OF ALTERED UTERINE FIBROBLASTS (U12-705)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 861-868
Author(s):  
H. E. Swim ◽  
R. F. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Permanent Strain ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

A permanent line of altered human fibroblasts, strain U12-705, was found to require arginine, cystine, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine for growth in a defined medium supplemented with 2.5% (v/v) dialyzed chick embryo extract and 5% dialyzed horse serum. In the absence of any of the essential amino acids the cells not only fail to proliferate but undergo degenerative changes which increased with time. The omission of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, hydroxyproline, and proline either separately or collectively does not alter the rate of growth or result in changes in the appearance of the cells. Cysteine and glutathione are equally as effective as cystine in promoting the growth of U12-705. None of the D-enantiomorphs of the essential amino acids will effectively replace the corresponding L-isomer. Single D-amino acids are not inhibitory when added to the medium in 5 times the concentration of the L-amino acid. The minimum concentrations of essential amino acids which permit optimal proliferation under the conditions employed range from 0.005 to 0.5 mM. Essential amino acids with the exception of glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, and valine are toxic for U12-705 when employed at a concentration of 5 mM. Toxic manifestations vary with the amino acid and range from cytologic changes in the cells without a significant decrease in the growth rate to complete inhibition of growth and extensive cellular degeneration.

scholarly journals CELL DIVISION AND DNA SYNTHESIS IN TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS DEPRIVED OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Stone ◽  
D. M. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

The question of amino acid requirements for DNA synthesis and cell division has been studied in Tetrahymena pyriformis by depriving cells of histidine and tryptophan at defined stages in the interdivision interval. Deprivation any time before DNA synthesis does not prevent the initiation of such synthesis but completely inhibits the following division and limits the increase in DNA, as measured microspectrophotometrically, to 20 per cent. H3-thymidine added to the medium is not incorporated during the 20 per cent increase. Deprivation after DNA synthesis is initiated does not prevent the continuation (to completion) of DNA synthesis, and cell division ensues. H3-thymidine added to the medium under these conditions is incorporated into macronuclear DNA. The data indicate that some amino acid-dependent event occurs, about the time of the beginning of the DNA synthesis period, which is not essential for initiation of DNA synthesis but which is essential for the maintenance of synthesis once it has begun. These results are further discussed in terms of enzymes required to convert thymidine (and possibly the other three deoxyribonucleosides) to the immediate precursor of DNA synthesis.

The Amino Acids Required for Egg Production in Aedes aegypti

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Dimond ◽  
A. O. Lea ◽  
W. F. Hahnert ◽  
D. M. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Immature Form

Since the monumental work of Rose (1938) on the essential amino acids for growth in the rat, similar studies have been made on other vertebrates. It has been shown that most of these animals have the same pattern of amino acid requirements for growth of the immature form and for maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium in the adult. The amino acids usually required are arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophane, and valine. These studies have been adequately reviewed in recent texts (Bourne and Kidder 1953, Albanese 1950).

THE AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF A PERMANENT STRAIN OF ALTERED UTERINE FIBROBLASTS (U12-705)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Swim ◽  
R. F. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Permanent Strain ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

A permanent line of altered human fibroblasts, strain U12-705, was found to require arginine, cystine, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine for growth in a defined medium supplemented with 2.5% (v/v) dialyzed chick embryo extract and 5% dialyzed horse serum. In the absence of any of the essential amino acids the cells not only fail to proliferate but undergo degenerative changes which increased with time. The omission of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, hydroxyproline, and proline either separately or collectively does not alter the rate of growth or result in changes in the appearance of the cells. Cysteine and glutathione are equally as effective as cystine in promoting the growth of U12-705. None of the D-enantiomorphs of the essential amino acids will effectively replace the corresponding L-isomer. Single D-amino acids are not inhibitory when added to the medium in 5 times the concentration of the L-amino acid. The minimum concentrations of essential amino acids which permit optimal proliferation under the conditions employed range from 0.005 to 0.5 mM. Essential amino acids with the exception of glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, and valine are toxic for U12-705 when employed at a concentration of 5 mM. Toxic manifestations vary with the amino acid and range from cytologic changes in the cells without a significant decrease in the growth rate to complete inhibition of growth and extensive cellular degeneration.

Plasma essential amino acids concentrations of early lactating Holstein dairy cows fed diet containing raw or roasted Iranian soybean

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Forouzan Tabatabaie ◽  
Hassan Fathi ◽  
Mohsen Danesh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
High Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Physical Treatments

Whole soybean has 40-42 percent CP and used as high energy-protein supplement for early lactation dairy cows. However, the protein is highly degradable, so small amounts of amino acids can be reached to small intestine to meet high amino acid requirements of early lactating cows. Therefore, various chemical and physical treatments have been suggested to decrease ruminal protein degradability of soybeans. The practical use and application of any one method to lower ruminal feed degradability is dependent not only on its efficacy but also on its cost effectiveness, safety and ease of application. For these reasons, heat treatment is the most commonly used physical method (Plegge et al., 1985). The purpose of this study was to determine how roasting of soybeans affect plasma essential amino acid concentrations in early lactation cows.

Amino Acid Requirements of Children: Nitrogen Balance at the Minimal Level of Essential Amino Acids

1964 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsiro Nakagawa ◽  
Tetsuzo Takahashi ◽  
Takeshi Suzuki ◽  
Katsumi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Minimal Level ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

Amino Acid Composition of Fishery Products

1949 ◽  
Vol 7c (9) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine P. Deas ◽  
H. L. A. Tarr
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Fishery Products ◽  
Muscle Myosin

Fish flesh and certain waste materials were hydrolysed by tryptic enzymes of fish pyloric caeca. Fractionation of the resulting hydrolysates showed that they contained largely peptone, sub-peptone and residual (small peptides and amino acids) nitrogen, and little or no protein or proteose nitrogen. Fish flesh, milts, roes, meal, stickwater and a muscle myosin preparation were extracted to remove the fat, then dried and hydrolysed with acid or alkali. The essential amino acids arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, tryptophane and tyrosine were determined in these enzyme-, acid- and alkali-hydrolysed materials by microbiological methods. The results have been summarized.

Amino Acid Requirements for the Wheat Stem Sawfly Determined with Glucose-U-C14 after Vacuum-infiltration

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasting ◽  
A. J. McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Vacuum Infiltration ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Radioactive Substrate

AbstractGlucose-U-C14 was incorporated into immature larvae of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort., by vacuum-infiltration. These insects were too small to be conveniently injected and could not be easily fed on artificial diets. About half of them survived the infiltration treatment. C14O2 was produced by the organism showing that the radioactive substrate was metabolized. Of the amino acids isolated from the larvae, proline, alanine, glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid, and glycine contained relatively large quantities of carbon-14 indicating biosynthesis, and are classed as nutritionally non-essential. In contrast, arginine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine contained little, if any, radioactivity and are classed as nutritionally essential. The concentrations of some of the amino acids in the larval tissues are also presented.

Amino Acid Composition of Fishery Products (II)

1950 ◽  
Vol 7d (10) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis W. Ney ◽  
Catherine P. Deas ◽  
H. L. A. Tarr
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Microbiological Assay ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Fishery Products

The essential amino acids arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, tryptophane and tyrosine were determined in the following fishery products using microbiological assay technique: fish meals, stickwaters (fish solubles), condensed fish solubles, liver, commercial liver hydrolysate, frozen pink salmon viscera, chum salmon fingerlings and herring scales.

scholarly journals Changes in neurotransmitter levels associated with the deficiency of some essential amino acids in the diet

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Venero ◽  
Antonio J. Herrera ◽  
Alberto Machado ◽  
Josefina Cano
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Corpus Striatum ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Serotoninergic System ◽  
Main Metabolite ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Brain

The contents of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites were measured in rat substantia nigra and corpus striatum following dietary changes, including restriction of protein content (low-protein diet; LPD) and the contents of several large neutral amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and valine) for 25 d. The LPD produced an increase in the concentration of tyrosine (TYR) in the two regions of the brain studied. This effect was also observed with all amino acid deficiencies studied except for valine in the substantia nigra, tryptophan in the striatum and phenylalanine in both regions. Likewise, the concentration of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main metabolite of 5-HT, increased in the substantia nigra but not in the striatum after LPD, as well as with all the amino acid deficiencies studied, with the exception of tryptophan deficiency. In this case there was a dramatic effect on all components of the serotoninergic system, with decreases in the concentration of tryptophan (TRP; precursor), 5-HT and 5-HIAA. This behaviour clearly shows an interrelationship between precursor (TRP) availability and 5-HT synthesis and metabolism. With valine deficiency, dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems demonstrated opposite effects in the substantia nigra and the corpus striatum, and the behaviour of the two monoamines was also opposite within each structure. The significance of these changes is discussed.

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