scholarly journals Characterizations of sulfur oxidizing bacteria from extensive shrimp ponds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (Aquaculture) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Truong Giang Huynh ◽  
Hung Hai Vu ◽  
Thi Cam Tu Phan ◽  
Thi Tuyet Ngan Pham ◽  
Ngoc Ut Vu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Sulfate Ion ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Shrimp Ponds ◽  
Ion Production ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

The aim of this study is to characterize the sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) isolates from the sediments of extensive shrimp ponds for recommending the use of this group for water quality management in aquaculture. Sediment samples were collected from 12 extensive shrimp ponds located in Tra Vinh, Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, and Ca Mau provinces. To screen the potential sulfur oxidizing bacteria, medium was amended with sodium thiosulfate, and the sulfate ion production ability and sulfur oxidase enzyme activity of the isolates were measured spectrophotometrically. Results showed that 30 isolates grew on the thiosulfate agar medium. Among these, only five isolates reduced the pH of the growth medium and showed high sulfur oxidase activity and production of sulfate ion when isolates were inoculated with thiosulfate as a substrate. Physiological and biochemical tests indicated that five selected isolates were Gram negative, short rod, non-motile, non-spore forming, negative for oxidase reaction, and positive for catalase reaction. The isolates SOBTB1.1 and SOBTB6.2 showed the significantly higher sulfur oxidase activity and production of sulfate ion compared to other isolates. SOBTB6.2 isolate produced sulfate ion and exhibited higher sulfur oxidase activity at pH4-5, followed by pH6-7. It is, therefore, suggested that the SOBTB 1.1 and SOBTB6.2 could be promising sulfur oxidizers for further research and uses in aquaculture.

scholarly journals ON THE GROWTH AND RESPIRATION OF SULFUR-OXIDIZING BACTERIA

1923 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selman A. Waksman ◽  
Robert L. Starkey
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Elementary Sulfur ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Injurious Effect ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

1. It is shown that Sulfomonas thiooxidans oxidizes elementary sulfur completely to sulfuric acid. Sodium thiosulfate is oxidized by this organism completely to sulfate. Sulfomonas thiooxidans differs, in this respect, from various other sulfur-oxidizing bacilli which either produce elementary sulfur, from the thiosulfate, or convert it into sulfates and persulfates. 2. The organism derives its carbon from the CO2 of the atmosphere, but is incapable of deriving the carbon from carbonates or organic matter. 3. The S:C, or ratio between the amount of sulfur oxidized to sulfate and amount of carbon assimilated chemosynthetically from the CO2 of the atmosphere, is, with elementary sulfur as a source of energy, 31.8, and with thiosulfate 64.2. The higher ratio in the case of the thiosulfate is due to the smaller amount of energy liberated in the oxidation of sulfur compound than in the elementary form. 4. Of the total energy made available in the oxidation of the sulfur to sulfuric acid, only 6.65 per cent is used by the organism for the reduction of atmospheric CO2 and assimilation of carbon. 5. Sulfates do not exert any injurious effect upon sulfur oxidation by Sulfomonas thiooxidans. Any effect obtained is due to the cation rather than the sulfate radical. Nitrates exert a distinctly injurious action both on the growth and respiration of the organism. 6. There is a definite correlation between the amount of sulfur present and velocity of oxidation, very similar to that found in the growth of yeasts and nitrifying bacteria. Oxidation reaches a maximum with about 25 gm. of sulfur added to 100 cc. of medium. However, larger amounts of sulfur have no injurious effect. 7. Dextrose does not exert any appreciable injurious effect in concentrations less than 5 per cent. The injurious effect of peptone sets in at 0.1 per cent concentration and brings sulfur oxidation almost to a standstill in 1 per cent concentration. Dextrose does not exert any appreciable influence upon sulfur oxidation and carbon assimilation from the carbon dioxide of the atmosphere. 8. Sulfomonas thiooxidans can withstand large concentrations of sulfuric acid. The oxidation of sulfur is affected only to a small extent even by 0.25 molar initial concentration of the acid. In 0.5 molar solutions, the injurious effect becomes marked. The organism may produce as much as 1.5 molar acid, without being destroyed. 9. Growth is at an optimum at a hydrogen ion concentration equivalent to pH 2.0 to 5.5, dropping down rapidly on the alkaline side, but not to such an extent on the acid, particularly when a pure culture is employed. 10. Respiration of the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria can be studied by using the filtrate of a vigorously growing culture, to which a definite amount of sulfur is added, and incubating for 12 to 24 hours.

scholarly journals Isolation of Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria from Polluted Water and Screening for Their Efficiency of Sulfide Oxidase Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Sulfate Ion ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

<p>Presence of sulfide in the environment represents huge concerns to biological life. The high costs and low safety of chemical and physical removal strategies lead to finding alternative strategies. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) are consider a promising alternative strategy, where they play a critical role in removal of such compounds from water and soil environments, as well as, they maintain the sulfur balance during natural sulfur cycle. The main objective of this study was to isolate sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) from sulfide polluted water. In addition screening for sulfide oxidase producer bacteria was performed. Twenty isolates of sulfur oxidizing bacteria were isolated from eight different sulfide polluted water sources. During testing the isolates on thiosulfate broth medium, it was observed that, eleven isolates could efficiently reduce the pH of the media from 7.5±0.2 to 5.0 ± 0.5 as a resulting of the oxidizing of sulfides to sulfate ion. The concentration of produced sulfate ion ranged from 76 to 155 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>. The sulfur oxidase activity of the tested isolates ranged between 2.68 to 5.23 U mL<sup>-1</sup>. The bacterial isolates were identified as <em>Bacillus</em> spp., <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. and <em>Klebsiella </em>spp. based on their morphological and biochemical characterization.</p>

Effects of activated carbon on treatment of photo-processing waste by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binle Lin ◽  
K. Futono ◽  
A. Yokoi ◽  
M. Hosomi ◽  
A. Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Adsorption Effect ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Establishing economic treatment technology for safe disposal of photo-processing waste (PW) has most recently become an urgent environmental concern. This paper describes a new biological treatment process for PW using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in conjunction with activated carbon (AC). Batch-type acclimation and adsorption experiments using SOB/PAC, SOB/PNAC, and SOB reactor type systems demonstrated that AC effectively adsorbs the toxic/refractory compounds which inhibit thiosulfate oxidization of SOB in PW. Thus, to further clarify the effect of AC, we performed a long-term (≈ 160 d) continuous-treatment experiment on 4- to 8-times dilution of PW using a SOB/GAC system which simulated a typical wastewater treatment system based on an aerobic activated sludge process that primarily uses acclimated SOB. The thiosulfate load and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were fixed during treatment such that they ranged from 0.8-3.7 kg S2O32-/l/d and 7.7-1.9 d, respectively. As expected, continuous treatment led to breakthrough of the adsorption effect of GAC. Renewing the GAC and continuing treatment for about 10 d demonstrated good treatment effectiveness.

scholarly journals Sulfur bacteria promote dissolution of authigenic carbonates at marine methane seeps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton J. Leprich ◽  
Beverly E. Flood ◽  
Peter R. Schroedl ◽  
Elizabeth Ricci ◽  
Jeffery J. Marlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Methane Seeps ◽  
Etch Pits ◽  
Active Dissolution ◽  
Authigenic Carbonates ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

AbstractCarbonate rocks at marine methane seeps are commonly colonized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria that co-occur with etch pits that suggest active dissolution. We show that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are abundant on the surface of an exemplar seep carbonate collected from Del Mar East Methane Seep Field, USA. We then used bioreactors containing aragonite mineral coupons that simulate certain seep conditions to investigate plausible in situ rates of carbonate dissolution associated with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Bioreactors inoculated with a sulfur-oxidizing bacterial strain, Celeribacter baekdonensis LH4, growing on aragonite coupons induced dissolution rates in sulfidic, heterotrophic, and abiotic conditions of 1773.97 (±324.35), 152.81 (±123.27), and 272.99 (±249.96) μmol CaCO3 • cm−2 • yr−1, respectively. Steep gradients in pH were also measured within carbonate-attached biofilms using pH-sensitive fluorophores. Together, these results show that the production of acidic microenvironments in biofilms of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are capable of dissolving carbonate rocks, even under well-buffered marine conditions. Our results support the hypothesis that authigenic carbonate rock dissolution driven by lithotrophic sulfur-oxidation constitutes a previously unknown carbon flux from the rock reservoir to the ocean and atmosphere.

Extracting copper and cobalt from non-ferrous residues by iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxing Sun ◽  
Wenxian Liu ◽  
Ruichang Tang ◽  
Haina Cheng ◽  
Ronghui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

scholarly journals 24-Epibrasinolide Modulates the Vase Life of Lisianthus Cut Flowers by Modulating ACC Oxidase Enzyme Activity and Physiological Responses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Mohammad Darvish ◽  
Habib Shirzad ◽  
Mohammadreza Asghari ◽  
Parviz Noruzi ◽  
Abolfazl Alirezalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme

Ethylene is the most important factor playing roles in senescence and deterioration of harvested crops including cut flowers. Brassinosteroids (BRs), as natural phytohormones, have been reported to differently modulate ethylene production and related senescence processes in different crops. This study was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on ACC oxidase enzyme activity, the final enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis pathway, vase life, and senescence rate in lisianthus cut flowers. Harvested flowers were treated with EBL (at 0, 3, 6, and 9 µmol/L) and kept at 25 °C for 15 days. The ACC oxidase activity, water absorption, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and vase solution absorption rates, chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, and the vase life of the flowers were evaluated during and at the end of storage. EBL at 3 µmol/L significantly (p ≤ 0.01) enhanced the flower vase life by decreasing the ACC oxidase activity, MDA production and senescence rates, and enhancing chlorophyll and anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, relative water content, and vase solution absorption rates. By increasing the concentration, EBL negatively affected the flower vase life and postharvest quality probably via enhancing the ACC oxidase enzyme activity and subsequent ethylene production. EBL at 6 and 9 µmol/L and in a concentration dependent manner, enhanced the ACC oxidase activity and MDA production rate and decreased chlorophyll and anthocyanin accumulation and water absorption rate. The results indicate that the effects of brassinosteroids on ethylene production and physiology of lisianthus cut flowers is highly dose dependent.

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