scholarly journals MECHANISM OF THE ACCUMULATION OF DYE IN NITELLA ON THE BASIS OF THE ENTRANCE OF THE DYE AS UNDISSOCIATED MOLECULES

1926 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Brilliant Cresyl Blue ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Cresyl Blue ◽  
Undissociated Molecule

The rate of penetration of brilliant cresyl blue into the living cells of Nitella indicates that the dye enters only in the form of the undissociated molecule. At equilibrium the total concentration of the dye in the sap is proportional to the concentration of the free base in the outside solution.

scholarly journals ACCUMULATION OF BRILLIANT CRESYL BLUE IN THE SAP OF LIVING CELLS OF NITELLA IN THE PRESENCE OF NH3

1925 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Brilliant Cresyl Blue ◽  
Cresyl Blue ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

When the living cells of Nitella are placed in a solution of brilliant cresyl blue containing NH4Cl, the rate of accumulation of the dye in the sap is found to be lower than when the cells are placed in a solution of dye containing no NH4Cl and this may occur without any increase in the pH value of the cell sap. This decrease is found to be primarily due to the presence of NH3 in the sap and seems not to exist where NH3 is present only in the external solution at the concentration used.

scholarly journals CERTAIN EFFECTS OF SALTS ON THE PENETRATION OF BRILLIANT CRESYL BLUE INTO NITELLA

1927 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Monovalent Cation ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
Brilliant Cresyl Blue ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Basic Dye ◽  
Cresyl Blue ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Buffer Mixture ◽  
Trivalent Cations

The effect of various substances on living cells may be advantageously studied by exposing them to such substances and observing their subsequent behavior in solutions of a basic dye, brilliant cresyl blue. The rate of penetration of the basic dye, brilliant cresyl blue, is decreased when cells are exposed to salts with monovalent cations before they are placed in the dye solution (made up with borate buffer mixture). This inhibiting effect is assumed to be due to the effect of the salts on the protoplasm. This effect is not readily reversible when cells are transferred to distilled water, but it is removed by salts with bivalent or trivalent cations. In some cases it disappears in dye made up with phosphate buffer mixture, or with borate buffer mixture at the pH value in which the borax predominates, and in the case of NaCl it disappears in dye containing NaCl. No inhibiting effect is seen when cells are exposed to NaCl solution containing MgCl2 before they are placed in the dye solution. The rate of penetration of dye is not decreased when cells are previously exposed to salts with bivalent and trivalent cations. The rate is slightly increased when cells are placed in the dye solution containing a salt with monovalent cation and probably with bivalent or trivalent cations. In the case of the bivalent and trivalent salts the increase is so slight that it may be negligible.

scholarly journals ON THE ACCUMULATION OF DYE IN NITELLA

1925 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Brilliant Cresyl Blue ◽  
Cresyl Blue ◽  
Chemical Combination

Living cells of Nitella were placed in different concentrations of brilliant cresyl blue solutions at pH 6.9. It was found that the greater the concentration of the external dye solution, the greater was the speed of accumulation of the dye in the cell sap and higher was the concentration of dye found in the sap at equilibrium. Analysis of the time curves showed that the process may be regarded as a reversible pseudounimolecular reaction. When the concentration in the sap is plotted as ordinates and the concentration in the outside solution as abscissae the curve is convex toward the abscissae. There is reason to believe that secondary changes involving injury take place as the dye accumulates and that if these changes did not occur the curve would be concave toward the abscissae. The process may be explained as a chemical combination of the dye with a constituent of the cell. This harmonizes with the fact that the temperature coefficient is high (about 4.9). Various other possible explanations are discussed.

scholarly journals THE SUPRAVITAL STAINING OF VACCINE BODIES

1922 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund V. Cowdry
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Physiological Salt Solution ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Brilliant Cresyl Blue ◽  
Cresyl Blue ◽  
Corneal Cells ◽  
Supravital Staining

Vaccine bodies in living corneal cells may be specifically stained by the addition of a small quantity of brilliant cresyl blue 2 B to the physiological salt solution in which they are being observed. Their appearance by this method (Figs. 3 to 17) corresponds with that seen in fixed preparations (Figs. 22 to 42). Both lines of study reveal the existence of traces of similar material in unvaccinated corneal cells. As this increases in amount during the reaction, it behaves like an integral, cytoplasmic constituent of fluid consistency and shows no evidence of being endowed with any measure of independent vitality. The low grade of structural differentiation which it does exhibit, in living cells as well as in fixed tissues, is not suggestive of the presence within it of independent microorganisms. The material differs radically in its morphology and microchemical reactions from the granules observed by MacCallum and Oppenheimer in vaccine lymph.

scholarly journals EXIT OF DYE FROM LIVING CELLS OF NITELLA AT DIFFERENT pH VALUES

1926 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brilliant Cresyl Blue ◽  
Cresyl Blue ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
External Ph

Experiments on the exit of brilliant cresyl blue from the living cells of Nitella, in solutions of varying external pH values containing no dye, confirm the theory that the relation of the dye in the sap to that in the external solution depends on the fact that the dye exists in two forms, one of which (DB) can pass through the protoplasm while the other (DS) passes only slightly. DB increases (by transformation of DS to DB) with an increase in the pH value, and is soluble in substances like chloroform and benzene. DS increases with decrease in pH value and is insoluble (or nearly so) in chloroform and benzene. The rate of exit of the dye increases as the external pH value decreases. This may be explained on the ground that DB as it comes out of the cell is partly changed to DS, the amount transformed increasing as the pH value decreases. The rate of exit of the dye is increased when the pH value of the sap is increased by penetration of NH3.

scholarly journals THE PERMEABILITY OF LIVING CELLS TO DYES AS AFFECTED BY HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION

1922 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Living Cell ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Cresyl Blue ◽  
Ph Values

1. An accurate quantitative method of measuring the penetration of dye into the living cell is described. 2. Cresyl blue is unable to penetrate rapidly unless the pH outside the cell is decidedly greater than that inside. The rate of penetration increases with increasing pH. 3. Around pH 9 penetration of the dye is rapid while the reverse is true of exosmosis. At low pH values (5.9) exosmosis is rapid and penetration is very slow.

scholarly journals Developmental competence of prepubertal goat oocytes selected with brilliant cresyl blue and matured with cysteamine supplementation

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Rodríguez-González ◽  
Manel López-Bejar ◽  
Dolors Izquierdo ◽  
María-Teresa Paramio
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Brilliant Cresyl Blue ◽  
Cresyl Blue
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document