Fluctuating Asymmetry as a Bioindicator of Stress: Comparing Efficacy of Analyses Involving Multiple Traits

2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Leung ◽  
Mark R. Forbes ◽  
David Houle
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Multiple Traits

Fluctuating Asymmetry as a Bioindicator of Stress: Comparing Efficacy of Analyses Involving Multiple Traits

2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Leung ◽  
Forbes ◽  
Houle
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Multiple Traits

Heritability of fluctuating asymmetry for multiple traits in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2186-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen A Bryden ◽  
Daniel D Heath
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Significant Heritability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Genetic Contributions ◽  
Gill Raker

The heritability of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) as an indicator of developmental instability is of interest to evolutionary and conservation biologists and is the subject of ongoing controversy. This study examined the inheritance of FA in two groups of fish: domestic chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) mated in a full-sib design and domestic and wild chinook salmon mated in a half-sib design. Eight traits were measured on the right and left sides of each fish: eye diameter, head length, maxillary length, branchiostegal ray number, pectoral and pelvic fin ray number, and upper and lower gill raker number on the first gill arch. Narrow-sense heritabilities were calculated from parent-offspring regressions for the first group and using sib analysis for the second group. Our data represent the largest breeding program designed to detect heritability of FA in fish reported to date. We found no significant heritability of FA for any of the individual traits examined or for a composite FA index. Our results indicate that FA estimates in chinook salmon will not be confounded by appreciable additive genetic contributions and thus can be reliably used as an environmental and genetic stress indicator.

scholarly journals Fluctuating asymmetry of the normal facial skeleton

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gateño ◽  
T.L. Jones ◽  
S.G.F. Shen ◽  
K.-C. Chen ◽  
A. Jajoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Facial Skeleton

scholarly journals The inhibitory potency of isoxazole-curcumin analogue for the management of breast cancer: A comparative in vitro and molecular modeling investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona C. Rodrigues ◽  
N. V. Anil Kumar ◽  
Gangadhar Hari ◽  
K. S. R. Pai ◽  
Goutam Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Improved Stability

AbstractCurcumin, a potent phytochemical derived from the spice element turmeric, has been identified as a herbal remedy decades ago and has displayed promise in the field of medicinal chemistry. However, multiple traits associated with curcumin, such as poor bioavailability and instability, limit its effectiveness to be accepted as a lead drug-like entity. Different reactive sites in its chemical structure have been identified to incorporate modifications as attempts to improving its efficacy. The diketo group present in the center of the structural scaffold has been touted as the group responsible for the instability of curcumin, and substituting it with a heterocyclic ring contributes to improved stability. In this study, four heterocyclic curcumin analogues, representing some broad groups of heterocyclic curcuminoids (isoxazole-, pyrazole-, N-phenyl pyrazole- and N-amido-pyrazole-based), have been synthesized by a simple one-pot synthesis and have been characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DSC and LC–MS. To predict its potential anticancer efficacy, the compounds have been analyzed by computational studies via molecular docking for their regulatory role against three key proteins, namely GSK-3β—of which abnormal regulation and expression is associated with cancer; Bcl-2—an apoptosis regulator; and PR which is a key nuclear receptor involved in breast cancer development. One of the compounds, isoxazole-curcumin, has consistently indicated a better docking score than the other tested compounds as well as curcumin. Apart from docking, the compounds have also been profiled for their ADME properties as well as free energy binding calculations. Further, the in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of the analogues was carried out by SRB assay in breast cancer cell line (MCF7), out of which isoxazole-curcumin (IC50–3.97 µM) has displayed a sevenfold superior activity than curcumin (IC50–21.89 µM). In the collation of results, it can be suggested that isoxazole-curcumin behaves as a potential lead owing to its ability to be involved in a regulatory role with multiple significant cancer proteins and hence deserves further investigations in the development of small molecule-based anti-breast cancer agents. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Fluctuating Asymmetry and Developmental Instability, a Guide to Best Practice

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
John H. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Developmental Instability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Size Scaling ◽  
Research Designs

Best practices in studies of developmental instability, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry, have developed over the past 60 years. Unfortunately, they are haphazardly applied in many of the papers submitted for review. Most often, research designs suffer from lack of randomization, inadequate replication, poor attention to size scaling, lack of attention to measurement error, and unrecognized mixtures of additive and multiplicative errors. Here, I summarize a set of best practices, especially in studies that examine the effects of environmental stress on fluctuating asymmetry.

scholarly journals Penalized partial least squares for pleiotropy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Broc ◽  
Therese Truong ◽  
Benoit Liquet
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Application Fields

Abstract Background The increasing number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has revealed several loci that are associated to multiple distinct phenotypes, suggesting the existence of pleiotropic effects. Highlighting these cross-phenotype genetic associations could help to identify and understand common biological mechanisms underlying some diseases. Common approaches test the association between genetic variants and multiple traits at the SNP level. In this paper, we propose a novel gene- and a pathway-level approach in the case where several independent GWAS on independent traits are available. The method is based on a generalization of the sparse group Partial Least Squares (sgPLS) to take into account groups of variables, and a Lasso penalization that links all independent data sets. This method, called joint-sgPLS, is able to convincingly detect signal at the variable level and at the group level. Results Our method has the advantage to propose a global readable model while coping with the architecture of data. It can outperform traditional methods and provides a wider insight in terms of a priori information. We compared the performance of the proposed method to other benchmark methods on simulated data and gave an example of application on real data with the aim to highlight common susceptibility variants to breast and thyroid cancers. Conclusion The joint-sgPLS shows interesting properties for detecting a signal. As an extension of the PLS, the method is suited for data with a large number of variables. The choice of Lasso penalization copes with architectures of groups of variables and observations sets. Furthermore, although the method has been applied to a genetic study, its formulation is adapted to any data with high number of variables and an exposed a priori architecture in other application fields.

scholarly journals Nature, Nurture, and Noise: Developmental Instability, Fluctuating Asymmetry, and the Causes of Phenotypic Variation

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
John H. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Deterministic Chaos ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Developmental Instability ◽  
Nonlinear Feedback ◽  
Developmental Variation ◽  
Sewall Wright ◽  
Developmental Noise ◽  
And Behavior

Phenotypic variation arises from genetic and environmental variation, as well as random aspects of development. The genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) components of this variation have been appreciated since at least 1900. The random developmental component (noise) has taken longer for quantitative geneticists to appreciate. Here, I sketch the historical development of the concepts of random developmental noise and developmental instability, and its quantification via fluctuating asymmetry. The unsung pioneers in this story are Hugo DeVries (fluctuating variation, 1909), C. H. Danforth (random variation between monozygotic twins, 1919), and Sewall Wright (random developmental variation in piebald guinea pigs, 1920). The first pioneering study of fluctuating asymmetry, by Sumner and Huestis in 1921, is seldom mentioned, possibly because it failed to connect the observed random asymmetry with random developmental variation. This early work was then synthesized by Boris Astaurov in 1930 and Wilhelm Ludwig in 1932, and then popularized by Drosophila geneticists beginning with Kenneth Mather in 1953. Population phenogeneticists are still trying to understand the origins and behavior of random developmental variation. Some of the developmental noise represents true stochastic behavior of molecules and cells, while some represents deterministic chaos, nonlinear feedback, and symmetry breaking.

scholarly journals Comparison of Selection Signatures between Korean Native and Commercial Chickens Using 600K SNP Array Data

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Sunghyun Cho ◽  
Prabuddha Manjula ◽  
Minjun Kim ◽  
Eunjin Cho ◽  
Dooho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snp Array ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
High Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Primary Data Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Commercial Chickens

Korean native chickens (KNCs) comprise an indigenous chicken breed of South Korea that was restored through a government project in the 1990s. The KNC population has not been developed well and has mostly been used to maintain purebred populations in the government research institution. We investigated the genetic features of the KNC population in a selection signal study for the efficient improvement of this breed. We used 600K single nucleotide polymorphism data sampled from 191 KNCs (NG, 38; NL, 29; NR, 52; NW, 39; and NY, 33) and 54 commercial chickens (Hy-line Brown, 10; Lohmann Brown, 10; Arbor Acres, 10; Cobb, 12; and Ross, 12). Haplotype phasing was performed using EAGLE software as the initial step for the primary data analysis. Pre-processed data were analyzed to detect selection signals using the ‘rehh’ package in R software. A few common signatures of selection were identified in KNCs. Most quantitative trait locus regions identified as candidate regions were associated with traits related to reproductive organs, eggshell characteristics, immunity, and organ development. Block patterns with high linkage disequilibrium values were observed for LPP, IGF11, LMNB2, ERBB4, GABRB2, NTM, APOO, PLOA1, CNTN1, NTSR1, DEF3, CELF1, and MEF2D genes, among regions with confirmed selection signals. NL and NW lines contained a considerable number of selective sweep regions related to broilers and layers, respectively. We recommend focusing on improving the egg and meat traits of KNC NL and NW lines, respectively, while improving multiple traits for the other lines.

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