Increasing Antibiotic Resistance Among Isolates ofEscherichia coliRecovered From Inpatients and Outpatients in a Saudi Arabian Hospital

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Low Rate

Objective.To study the pattern of antibiotic resistance amongEscherichia coliand the trend in resistance during a 6-year period in a Saudi Arabian hospital.Design.Retrospective in vitro surveillance study of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern amongE. coliisolates recovered from outpatients and from inpatients.Setting.A general hospital in Saudi Arabia.Patients.All patients with a culture positive forE. coliduring a 6-year study period.Results.A statistically significant increase in antibiotic resistance was observed among outpatient and inpatient isolates ofE, coli.Inpatient isolates were more likely to be resistant to antimicrobial agents. Among isolates from outpatients, 50% were resistant to ampicillin, 33% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), and 14% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Among isolates from inpatients, 63% were resistant to ampicillin, 44% were resistant to TMP-SMZ, and 33% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. There was a low rate of resistance to imipenem (0.3% of isolates), amikacin (2%), and nitrofurantoin (2.4%-6.5%). Resistance to ceftazidime was detected in 9% of outpatient isolates and 17% of inpatient isolates. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to 2 or more classes of antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was detected in 2.0%-28.1% of outpatient isolates and 7.4%-39.6% of inpatient isolates, depending on the combination of antimicrobials tested. More isolates were resistant to ampicillin plus TMP-SMZ than to any other combination of antimicrobials.Conclusion.The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among outpatient and inpatientE. coliisolates increased during the study period. The rates of antibiotic resistance were statistically significantly higher among inpatient isolates, compared with outpatient isolates. These findings call for wiser use of antibiotics and continued surveillance of antibiotic resistance.

Increasing Antibiotic Resistance Among Isolates ofEscherichia coliRecovered From Inpatients and Outpatients in a Saudi Arabian Hospital

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Low Rate

Objective.To study the pattern of antibiotic resistance amongEscherichia coliand the trend in resistance during a 6-year period in a Saudi Arabian hospital.Design.Retrospective in vitro surveillance study of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern amongE. coliisolates recovered from outpatients and from inpatients.Setting.A general hospital in Saudi Arabia.Patients.All patients with a culture positive forE. coliduring a 6-year study period.Results.A statistically significant increase in antibiotic resistance was observed among outpatient and inpatient isolates ofE, coli.Inpatient isolates were more likely to be resistant to antimicrobial agents. Among isolates from outpatients, 50% were resistant to ampicillin, 33% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), and 14% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Among isolates from inpatients, 63% were resistant to ampicillin, 44% were resistant to TMP-SMZ, and 33% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. There was a low rate of resistance to imipenem (0.3% of isolates), amikacin (2%), and nitrofurantoin (2.4%-6.5%). Resistance to ceftazidime was detected in 9% of outpatient isolates and 17% of inpatient isolates. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to 2 or more classes of antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was detected in 2.0%-28.1% of outpatient isolates and 7.4%-39.6% of inpatient isolates, depending on the combination of antimicrobials tested. More isolates were resistant to ampicillin plus TMP-SMZ than to any other combination of antimicrobials.Conclusion.The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among outpatient and inpatientE. coliisolates increased during the study period. The rates of antibiotic resistance were statistically significantly higher among inpatient isolates, compared with outpatient isolates. These findings call for wiser use of antibiotics and continued surveillance of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from tropical estuary, south India

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Sukumaran ◽  
Abdulla A Mohamed Hatha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Factor Genes

Introduction: Escherichia coli strains can cause a variety of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains have the ability to cause severe extraintestinal infections. Multidrug resistance among ExPEC could complicate human infections. Methodology: Escherichia coli strains were isolated during the period of January 2010 to December 2012 from five different stations set at Cochin estuary. Susceptibility testing was determined by the disk-diffusion method using nine different antimicrobial agents. A total of 155 strains of Escherichia coli were screened for the presence of virulence factor genes including papAH, papC, sfa/focDE, iutA,and kpsMT II associated with ExPEC. Results: Among the 155 E. coli isolates, 26 (16.77%), carried two or more virulence genes typical of ExPEC. Furthermore, 19.23% of the ExPEC isolates with multidrug resistance were identified to belong to phylogenetic groups B2 and D. Statistically significant association of iutA gene in ExPEC was found with papC (p < 0.001) and kpsMT II (p < 0.001) genes. ExPEC isolates were mainly resistant to ampicillin (23.07%), tetracycline (19.23%), co-trimoxazole (15.38%), and cefotaxime (15.38%). The adhesion genes papAH and sfa/focDE were positively associated with resistance to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Co-occurrence of virulence factor genes with antibiotic resistance among ExPEC poses considerable threat to those who use this aquatic system for a living and for recreation.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistance following Expression of the Escherichia coli marA Gene in Mycobacterium smegmatis

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (11) ◽  
pp. 2995-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick F. McDermott ◽  
David G. White ◽  
Isabelle Podglajen ◽  
Michael N. Alekshun ◽  
Stuart B. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Mutant Protein ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Alpha Helices ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Expression of the Escherichia coli multiple antibiotic resistance marA gene cloned in Mycobacterium smegmatis produced increased resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, including rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Cloned marR or marA cloned in the antisense direction had no effect. Resistance changes were lost with spontaneous loss of the plasmid bearing marA. A MarA mutant protein, having an insertional mutation within either of its two alpha-helices of the first putative helix-turn-helix domain, failed to produce the multiresistance phenotype in E. coli andM. smegmatis, indicating that this region is critical for MarA function. These results strongly suggest that E. coli marA functions in M. smegmatis and that amar-like regulatory system exists in this organism.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli isolated from food, cooking utensils and palms of food handlers in some restaurants in Zaria, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Victoria Etalong ◽  
Babajide A. Tytler ◽  
Igba Profit ◽  
Adeshina O. Gbonjubola
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli

Foodborne disease is a major public health problem causing considerable morbidity and mortality annually. In the present study, the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from food, cooking utensils and palms of food handlers in some restaurants in Zaria, Nigeria were evaluated. A total of 250 samples (220 food samples, 7 hand samples of food handlers, 10 plate samples within restaurants and 13 spoon samples) were collected from five locations in Zaria, Nigeria and analysed for microbial contaminations using standard microbiological techniques. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer modified disc agar diffusion technique. Results revealed that out of 158 acclaimed Enterobacteriaceae isolates evaluated, 19 % (30) were confirmed to be E. coli, while 81 % were Klebsiella. spp, Citrobacter fruendii, Enterobacter spp, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Serratia spp, and Cronobacter sakazaki. The majority of the isolates were resistant to amoxiclav (26.08%), ampicillin (26.08%), tetracycline (26.08%) and metronidazole (13.04%). A 33.3% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. The E. coli isolates were mostly multiple antibiotic resistance with 43.3% having multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) ≥ 0.2. In conclusion, E. coli evolved resistance to ampicillin, Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, and Tetracycline and other tested antimicrobial drugs which would make the treatment of Escherichia coli infections difficult

scholarly journals Susceptibility to antibiotics in escherichiae isolated in a multidisciplinary medical centre

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Nadezda S. Kozlova ◽  
Natalia E. Barantsevich ◽  
Elena P. Barantsevich
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level

Relevance. Antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial strains currently presents a very important problem.  Aim of the study: Study of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli, isolated in a multidisciplinary centre.  Materials and Methods. Susceptibility of 151 E. coli strains to 15 antibiotics was studied by microdilution method. Results. The majority of the studied strains were resistant to antibiotics, including: ampicillin (57.0%), ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin (42.4% each), III and IV generation cephalosporins (37.1% and 34.4%, respectively) and gentamycin (29.1%). The highest activity against E. coliwas shown for carbapenems (resistance to erthapenem – 2.6%, meropenem – 0.7%), in particular, for imipenem – no strains resistant to this drug were isolated. Resistance to amikacin and phosphomycin was low: 3.3% and 1.3% respectively. Wide diversity of antibiotic resistance spectra was revealed in studied strains, with a high level of multidrug resistance (48.0%). Conclusion. Study of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in E. coli, isolated in a multidisciplinary centre, showed predominance of resistant strains with a high level of multidrug resistance. The appearance of carbapenem-resistant strains in a multidisciplinary centre presents a rising problem.

scholarly journals A new substrate triggers susceptibility by uncoupling a bacterial multidrug resistance efflux pump

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton J. Spreacker ◽  
Nathan E. Thomas ◽  
Will F. Beeninga ◽  
Merissa Brousseau ◽  
Kylie M. Hibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Secondary Site ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
E Coli

AbstractSmall multidrug resistance (SMR) transporters perform coupled antiport of protons and toxic substrates, contributing to antibiotic resistance through efflux of these compounds from the bacterial cytoplasm. Extensive biophysical studies of the molecular transport mechanism of the E. coli SMR transporter EmrE indicate that it should also be capable of performing proton/drug symport or uniport, either of which will lead to drug susceptibility rather than drug resistance in vivo. Here we show that EmrE does indeed confer susceptibility to some small molecule substrates in the native E. coli in addition to conferring resistance to known polyaromatic cation substrates. In vitro experiments show that substrate binding at a secondary site triggers uncoupled proton uniport that leads to susceptibility. These results suggest that the SMR transporters provide one avenue for bacterial-selective dissipation of the proton-motive force. This has potential for antibiotic development and disruption of antibiotic resistance due to drug efflux more broadly.

scholarly journals Comparative study of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from dog and chicken

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Atere Victor ◽  
Alo Samuel ◽  
Daniel Folashade
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Residual Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Standard Disk

The emergence of antibiotic resistance has caused a threat to both human and animal population. This research was designed to investigate and compare the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from chicken and dogs. A hundred and twelve samples of freshly dead chicken and eighty nine blood samples of sick dogs were analyzed. Pure culture of isolates were identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristic. In vitro, susceptibility of the identified isolates against antimicrobial agents were determined by the standard disk diffusion procedure. One hundred and six isolates were recovered from chicken while 27 isolates were recovered from dogs. The organisms isolated include E. coli, Haemophilus sp, Pasturella sp, Klebsiella sp, Enterobacter sp, Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp, Proteus sp, and Listeria sp. The antibiotic resistance showed that, gram-negative bacteria showed more resistance to the antibiotics used in this research compare to the gram-positive bacteria. This trend was found in isolates from both dog and chicken. In like manner, the bacteria isolates recovered from chicken showed a greater resistance when compare with the bacteria isolates recovered from dog. The increased resistance found in poultry makes poultry a suspect of residual resistance gene and probably reservoir for transmission.

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli in cattle on Bathan and intensive rearing system

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukta Das Gupta ◽  
Mazharul Islam ◽  
Arup Sen ◽  
Md Samun Sarker ◽  
Ashutosh Das
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intensive Farming

The aim of this longitudinal study was to verify the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in cattle reared on Bathan and intensive farming system in Bangladesh. Fecal materials originated from recto anal junction (RAJ) of 100 cattle used for primary screening on MacConkey agar. The diversities among the pink color colony producing isolates on MacConkey agar were verified by conventional cultural methods and biochemical tests. Phenotypically positive E. coli isolates were further investigated for the variations in the antimicrobial resistance profiles to 10 selected antibiotics, by the disk-diffusion method. This study revealed that the overall prevalence of E. coli was 70% of in the rectal swab sample of cattle. However, the prevalence of E. coli was found significantly higher (p= 0.002) in cattle under intensive farming (84%) than cattle on Bathan (56%). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern shows that among the tested isolates 83%, 73%, 68% and 64% were sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin, respectively. On the other hand, all the 70 (100%) E. coli isolates were found resistant to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole. A high antibiotic resistance profile was also found against amoxicillin (90%), ampicillin (87%), nalidixic acid (86%) and erythromycin (83%). In total, 24 (34%) isolates were resistant against ?2 antimicrobials. The result clearly shows that antibiotic resistant E. coli isolates are commonly present in cattle of different management systems (intensive and Bathan). Therefore, careful selection of appropriate antibiotics with optimal doses might be ensured to prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria.Microbes and Health, June 2017, 6(1): 1-4

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry farmers and poultry slaughterers in Morocco

10.3823/820 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAIBA Abdellah ◽  
Rhazi Filali Fouzia
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Workers ◽  
Poultry Farmers

Aim: The objective of this study is to characterize the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the fecal samples of poultry workers, and to study the possible dissemination of resistant E. coli  from  poultry to humans. Methodology: Sixty four E. coli strains isolated from the fecal samples of poultry workers and 35 isolates from a control group workers were tested for antibiotic resistance by agar disk diffusion with 11 antimicrobial agents. Results: Resistance of E. coli isolated from poultry workers to tetracycline, ampicillin and norfloxacin were significantly (p < 0,05) higher than those isolated from the control group. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, and most of them are susceptible to gentamycin, amikacin, cefoxitin and ertapenem. Multidrug resistance is alarmingly high in all groups, but was highest in poultry farmers isolates (84%) and poultry slaughterers isolates (80%). Approximately 25 % of the isolates of poultry workers showed resistance to four or more antibiotics. Conclusion: This study implies  that occupational exposure to antimicrobial-resistant E. coli from animal contact in the broiler chicken industry may be an important route of entry for antimicrobial-resistant E. coli into the community. Keywords : Escherichia coli ; Poultry Workers ; Antibiotic Resistance ; Multidrug Resistance ; Morocco.

scholarly journals Impact of Feed Supplementation with Antimicrobial Agents on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens, Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus Counts, and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (20) ◽  
pp. 6566-6576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa S. Diarra ◽  
Fred G. Silversides ◽  
Fatoumata Diarrassouba ◽  
Jane Pritchard ◽  
Luke Masson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT The effects of feed supplementation with the approved antimicrobial agents bambermycin, penicillin, salinomycin, and bacitracin or a combination of salinomycin plus bacitracin were evaluated for the incidence and distribution of antibiotic resistance in 197 commensal Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens over 35 days. All isolates showed some degree of multiple antibiotic resistance. Resistance to tetracycline (68.5%), amoxicillin (61.4%), ceftiofur (51.3%), spectinomycin (47.2%), and sulfonamides (42%) was most frequent. The levels of resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin were 33.5, 35.5, and 25.3%, respectively. The overall resistance levels decreased from day 7 to day 35 (P < 0.001). Comparing treatments, the levels of resistance to ceftiofur, spectinomycin, and gentamicin (except for resistance to bacitracin treatment) were significantly higher in isolates from chickens receiving feed supplemented with salinomycin than from the other feeds (P < 0.001). Using a DNA microarray analysis capable of detecting commonly found antimicrobial resistance genes, we characterized 104 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates from 7- to 28-day-old chickens fed different growth promoters. Results showed a decrease in the incidence of isolates harboring tet(B), bla TEM, sulI, and aadA and class 1 integron from days 7 to 35 (P < 0.01). Of the 84 tetracycline-ceftiofur-resistant E. coli isolates, 76 (90.5%) were positive for bla CMY-2. The proportions of isolates positive for sulI, aadA, and integron class 1 were significantly higher in salinomycin-treated chickens than in the control or other treatment groups (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that multiantibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates can be found in broiler chickens regardless of the antimicrobial growth promoters used. However, the phenotype and the distribution of resistance determinants in E. coli can be modulated by feed supplementation with some of the antimicrobial agents used in broiler chicken production.

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