Risk Factors for Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusSurgical Site Infection

We prospectively evaluated 46 possible risk factors for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) surgical site infection (SSI) among patients with MRSA carriage in a large intervention study. Of 6,130 study patients, 68 (1.1%) developed MRSA SSI, which occurred a median of 14 days after surgery. Risk factors associated with MRSA SSI were receipt of emergency surgery, presence of comorbid condition, receipt of immunosuppressive therapy, receipt of contaminated surgery, and a surgical duration longer than the 75th percentile. MRSA carriage on admission did not predict MRSA SSI.

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Risk Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infection in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Spinal Deformity Surgery

JBJS Reviews ◽

10.2106/jbjs.rvw.19.00163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. e0163

Author(s):

Hiroko Matsumoto ◽

Matthew E. Simhon ◽

Megan L. Campbell ◽

Michael G. Vitale ◽

Elaine L. Larson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Spinal Deformity ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Site Infection ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Spinal Deformity Surgery

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Incidence and risk factors for surgical site infection following elective foot and ankle surgery: a retrospective study

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-020-01972-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jinghong Meng ◽

Yanbin Zhu ◽

Yansen Li ◽

Tao Sun ◽

Fengqi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Site Infection ◽

Foot And Ankle ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in elective foot and ankle surgeries and identify the associated risk factors. Methods This was designed as a retrospective study, including patients who underwent elective surgery of foot and ankle between July 2015 and June 2018. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and perioperative parameters were collected from the medical records, the laboratory report, the operation report, and the outpatient follow-up registration database. SSI was defined in accordance with the Center for Disease Control criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors for SSI. Results A total of 1201 patients undergoing 1259 elective foot/ankle surgeries were included, of whom 26 (2.1%) had an SSI, representing an incidence rate of 1.3% for superficial SSI and 0.8% for deep SSI, respectively. The results for organism culture showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 7 cases, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 6, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in 5, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) in 2, Escherichia coli in 2, and Proteus mirabilis in 1 case. Five factors were identified to be independently associated with SSI, including prolonged preoperative stay (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.30), allograft or bone substitute (OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.51 to 5.30), elevated FBG level (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.26), lower ALB level (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.05), and abnormal NEUT count (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.12). Conclusions SSI following elective foot and ankle surgeries is low, but relatively high in forefoot surgeries, requiring particular attention in clinical practice. Although most not modifiable, these identified factors aid in risk assessment of SSI and accordingly stratifying patients and therefore should be kept in mind.

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Risk factors associated with surgical site infection in 30 491 primary total hip replacements

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.94b10.29184 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 94-B (10) ◽

pp. 1330-1338 ◽

Cited By ~ 131

Author(s):

R. S. Namba ◽

M. C. S. Inacio ◽

E. W. Paxton

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Site Infection ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Total Hip ◽

Total Hip Replacements ◽

Hip Replacements

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Risk Factors Associated With Surgical Site Infection After Pediatric Posterior Spinal Fusion Procedure

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/593952 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 109-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

W. Matthew Linam ◽

Peter A. Margolis ◽

Mary Allen Staat ◽

Maria T. Britto ◽

Richard Hornung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽

Spinal Fusion ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Posterior Spinal Fusion ◽

Site Infection ◽

Fusion Procedure ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Asa Score

Objective.To identify risk factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) after pediatric posterior spinal fusion procedure by examining characteristics related to the patient, the surgical procedure, and tissue hypoxia.Design.Retrospective case-control study nested in a hospital cohort study.Setting.A 475-bed, tertiary care children's hospital.Methods.All patients who underwent a spinal fusion procedure during the period from January 1995 through December 2006 were included. SSI cases were identified by means of prospective surveillance using National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system definitions. Forty-four case patients who underwent a posterior spinal fusion procedure and developed an SSI were identified and evaluated. Each case patient was matched (on the basis of date of surgery, ± 3 months) to 3 control patients who underwent a posterior spinal fusion procedure but did not develop an SSI. Risk factors for SSI were evaluated by univariate analysis and multivariable conditional logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) andPvalues, were calculated.Results.From 1995 to 2006, the mean annual rate of SSI after posterior spinal fusion procedure was 4.4% (range, 1.1%—6.7%). Significant risk factors associated with SSI in the univariate analysis included the following: a body mass index (BMI) greater than the 95th percentile (OR, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.5–8.3]); antibiotic prophylaxis with clindamycin, compared with other antibiotics (OR, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.2 10.0]); inappropriately low dose of antibiotic (OR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.0–6.6]); and a longer duration of hypothermia (ie, a core body temperature of less than 35.5°C) during surgery (OR, 0.4 [95% CI, 0.2–0.9]). An American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of greater than 2, obesity (ie, a BMI greater than the 95th percentile), antibiotic prophylaxis with clindamycin, and hypothermia were statistically significant in the multivariable model.Conclusion.An ASA score greater than 2, obesity, and antibiotic prophylaxis with clindamycin were independent risk factors for SSI. Hypothermia during surgery appears to provide protection against SSI in this patient population.

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Risk factors associated with surgical site infection in upper and lower gastrointestinal surgery

Surgery Today ◽

10.1007/s00595-007-3637-y ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 404-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Akihiro Watanabe ◽

Shunji Kohnoe ◽

Rinshun Shimabukuro ◽

Takeharu Yamanaka ◽

Yasunori Iso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽

Site Infection ◽

Factors Associated

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A study to assess the risk factors of surgical site infection among mother underwent cesarean section

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 5234-5237

Author(s):

Parimala L ◽

Prathiba P

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Emergency Surgery ◽

Assessment Scale ◽

Infection Prophylaxis ◽

Site Infection ◽

Previous Surgery ◽

Site Assessment

Surgical site infection (SSI) is the second most normal irresistible inconvenience after urinary tract disease following cesarean section (CS). Surgical site infection after a cesarean area is related with expanded maternal horribleness, delayed emergency clinic remain and expanded clinical expenses. The hazard for creating SSI has noteworthily diminished over the three decades, fundamentally inferable from progress in cleanliness condition anti-infection prophylaxis, sterile methodology and other practice. Despite this decrease, the occurrence of surgical site infection is expected in the continuous rise in the incidence of cesarean delivery. A quantitative approach with descriptive study design was chosen to assess the risk factor of surgical site infection among mothers who underwent cesarean section at Saveetha Medical College Hospital. Sixty mothers who fulfil inclusive criteria were selected by purposive sampling technique. Sociodemographic variables were collected by semi-structured questionnaire, and the risk factors were assessed by surgical site assessment scale. The result of the study shows that 22(36.6%) of the mothers were obese, 34 (56.6%) were anaemia, 22 (36.6%) had hypertension, 7 (11.6%) had diabetes mellitus,37 (61.6%) were prolonged hospitalized, 9(15%) of study subject had previous surgery and 18 (30%) of study subject had emergency surgery. The surgical site assessment scale reveals that 31(51.6%) comes under the no-risk category,29(48.3 %) comes under the risk among preoperative mothers, and 22(36.6%) comes under no risk, 38 (63.3 %) comes under risk among post-operative mothers who underwent cesarean section. Thus the factors such as anaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, prolonged hospital stay, previous surgery, and emergency surgery increase the risk for surgical site infection among mothers who underwent cesarean section.

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Risk factors for hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a case-control study

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268806006327 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 134 (6) ◽

pp. 1167-1173 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

D. CARNICER-PONT ◽

K. A. BAILEY ◽

B. W. MASON ◽

A. M. WALKER ◽

M. R. EVANS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Urinary Catheter ◽

Central Line ◽

Case Control ◽

Site Infection ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

Control Study

A case-control study was undertaken in an acute district general hospital to identify risk factors for hospital-acquired bacteraemia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Cases of hospital-acquired MRSA bacteraemia were defined as consecutive patients from whom MRSA was isolated from a blood sample taken on the third or subsequent day after admission. Controls were randomly selected from patients admitted to the hospital over the same time period with a length of stay of more than 2 days who did not have bacteraemia. Data on 42 of the 46 cases of hospital-acquired bacteraemia and 90 of the 92 controls were available for analysis. There were no significant differences in the age or sex of cases and controls. After adjusting for confounding factors, insertion of a central line [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 35·3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·8–325·5] or urinary catheter (aOR 37·1, 95% CI 7·1–193·2) during the admission, and surgical site infection (aOR 4·3, 95% CI 1·2–14·6) all remained independent risk factors for MRSA bacteraemia. The adjusted population attributable fraction, showed that 51% of hospital-acquired MRSA bacteraemia cases were attributable to a urinary catheter, 39% to a central line, and 16% to a surgical site infection. In the United Kingdom, measures to reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired MRSA bacteraemia in acute general hospitals should focus on improving infection control procedures for the insertion and, most importantly, care of central lines and urinary catheters.

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