Republican-Majority Appellate Panels Increase Execution Rates for Capital Defendants

Battery-free Internet-of-Things devices equipped with energy harvesting hold the promise of extended operational lifetime, reduced maintenance costs, and lower environmental impact. Despite this clear potential, it remains complex to develop applications that deliver sustainable operation in the face of variable energy availability and dynamic energy demands. This article aims to reduce this complexity by introducing AsTAR, an energy-aware task scheduler that automatically adapts task execution rates to match available environmental energy. AsTAR enables the developer to prioritize tasks based upon their importance, energy consumption, or a weighted combination thereof. In contrast to prior approaches, AsTAR is autonomous and self-adaptive, requiring no a priori modeling of the environment or hardware platforms. We evaluate AsTAR based on its capability to efficiently deliver sustainable operation for multiple tasks on heterogeneous platforms under dynamic environmental conditions. Our evaluation shows that (1) comparing to conventional approaches, AsTAR guarantees Sustainability by maintaining a user-defined optimum level of charge, and (2) AsTAR reacts quickly to environmental and platform changes, and achieves Efficiency by allocating all the surplus resources following the developer-specified task priorities. (3) Last, the benefits of AsTAR are achieved with minimal performance overhead in terms of memory, computation, and energy.

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Noise-Tolerant Explicit Stencil Computations for Nonuniform Process Execution Rates

ACM Transactions on Parallel Computing ◽

10.1145/2742351 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Adam Hammouda ◽

Andrew R. Siegel ◽

Stephen F. Siegel

Keyword(s):

Stencil Computations ◽

Process Execution ◽

Execution Rates ◽

Noise Tolerant

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Secretive Symbolism? The Death Penalty, Executions, and Japan

Criminal Law Forum ◽

10.1007/s10609-020-09402-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 579-601

Author(s):

Billy Holmes

Keyword(s):

Death Penalty ◽

Alternative Explanation ◽

Prima Facie ◽

Wide Spread ◽

Right To Life ◽

Symbolic Function ◽

Execution Rates ◽

Nuanced Understanding ◽

The Right

AbstractThe importance of analysing the death penalty and state-imposed executions is derived from their concerning the right to life, and their retaining wide-spread support throughout retentionist, abolitionist de facto, and abolitionist states worldwide. Discrepancies in the execution rates of retentionist states appear reducible to their serving symbolic or pragmatic functions i.e. they are used primarily to validate public opinion or primarily to deter crime. Prima facie, Japan seems akin to a symbolic state, due to its low execution rate and its official justification for both retaining the death penalty and continuing to use executions i.e. doing otherwise would be undemocratic. However, the practices that surround executions in Japan shroud them in secrecy and silence, which appears at odds with both its apparent symbolic function and this justification. This makes Japan a uniquely important case study for research on practices surrounding executions. Understanding why this contradiction exists will entail a more nuanced understanding of the ways in which the death penalty, executions, and the practices surrounding them, can function in retentionist states. This essay aids such understanding by critically analysing this official justification and various other arguments for why this might be the case and advancing an alternative explanation.

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Performance of MC2 and the ECMWF IFS Forecast Model on the Fujitsu VPP700 and NEC SX-4M

Scientific Programming ◽

10.1155/2000/269312 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michel Desgagné ◽

Stephen Thomas ◽

Michel Valin

Keyword(s):

Message Passing ◽

Forecast Model ◽

Cmos Technology ◽

Single Node ◽

Fibre Channel ◽

Low Power Cmos ◽

Memory Contention ◽

Execution Rates ◽

Vector Processors ◽

Crossbar Network

The NEC SX-4M cluster and Fujitsu VPP700 supercomputers are both based on custom vector processors using low-power CMOS technology. Their basic architectures and programming models are however somewhat different. A multi-node SX-4M cluster contains up to 32 processors per shared memory node, with a maximum of 16 nodes connected via the proprietary NEC IXS fibre channel crossbar network. A hybrid combination of inter-node MPI message-passing with intra-node tasking or threads is possible. The Fujitsu VPP700 is a fully distributed-memory vector machine with a crossbar interconnect which also supports MPI. The parallel performance of the MC2 model for high-resolution mesoscale forecasting over large domains and of the IFS RAPS 4.0 benchmark are presented for several different machine configurations. These include an SX-4/32, an SX-4/32M cluster and up to 100 PE's of the VPP700. Our results indicate that performance degradation for both models on a single SX-4 node is primarily due to memory contention within the internal crossbar switch. Multinode SX-4 performance is slightly better than single node. Longer vector lengths and SDRAM memory on the VPP700 result in lower per processor execution rates. Both models achieve close to ideal scaling on the VPP700.

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Fast harmonic analysis for PHIL experiments with decentralized real-time controllers

10.36227/techrxiv.17061944 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Erhan Sezgin ◽

Anurag Mohapatra ◽

Vedran S. Peric ◽

Ozgül Salor ◽

Thomas Hamacher

Keyword(s):

Harmonic Analysis ◽

Real Time ◽

Communication Link ◽

Hardware In The Loop ◽

Voltage Measurement ◽

Delay Compensation ◽

Grid Synchronization ◽

Point Of Common Coupling ◽

Common Coupling ◽

Execution Rates

The paper has been submitted to PSCC 2022 and is currently awaiting reviews. This paper proposes and implements, a harmonic analysis algorithm for microgrid Power Hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) experiments, when the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage cannot be directly wired to the local prosumer controllers due to long distances between them. Using frequency-shifting and filtering ideas, the voltage measurement is converted to magnitude and phase information. This is passed over an asynchronous communication link to another controller, where it is recovered into a waveform after delay compensation. The method allows for accurate power calculations and grid synchronization over distributed prosumer controllers. The proposed method can work at different execution rates depending on real time (RT) workload and is shown to be robust against step changes, harmonics and communication delays. The method is demonstrated with two PHIL experiments at the CoSES, TU Munich lab in grid connected and island mode.

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4D Atlas: Statistical Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Variability in Longitudinal 3D Shape Data

10.36227/techrxiv.13629260 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

HAMID LAGA ◽

Marcel Padilla ◽

Ian H. Jermyn ◽

Sebastian Kurtek ◽

Mohammed Bennamoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Shape Space ◽

Spatiotemporal Variability ◽

3D Shape ◽

Execution Rates ◽

And Performance ◽

Body Shapes ◽

Spatiotemporal Registration ◽

Shape Data

We propose a novel framework to learn the spatiotemporal variability in longitudinal 3D shape data sets, which contain observations of subjects that evolve and deform over time. This problem is challenging since surfaces come with arbitrary parameterizations and thus, they need to be spatially registered onto each others. Also, different deforming subjects, hereinafter referred to as 4D surfaces, evolve at different speeds and thus, they need to be temporally aligned onto each others. We solve this spatiotemporal registration problem using a Riemannian approach. We treat a 3D surface as a point in a shape space equipped with an elastic Riemmanian metric that measures the amount of bending and stretching that the surfaces undergo. A 4D surface can then be seen as a trajectory in this space. With this formulation, the statistical analysis of 4D surfaces can be cast as the problem of analyzing trajectories, or 1D curves, embedded in a nonlinear Riemannian manifold. However, performing the spatiotemporal registration, and subsequently computing statistics, on such nonlinear spaces is not straightforward as they rely on complex nonlinear optimizations. Our core contribution is the mapping of the surfaces to the space of Square-Root Normal Fields (SRNF) where the L2 metric is equivalent to the partial elastic metric in the space of surfaces. Thus, by solving the spatial registration in the SRNF space, the problem of analyzing 4D surfaces becomes the problem of analyzing trajectories embedded in the SRNF space, which has a Euclidean structure. In this paper, we develop the building blocks that enable such analysis. These include: (1) the spatiotemporal registration of arbitrarily parameterized 4D surfaces even in the presence of large elastic deformations and large variations in their execution rates, (2) the computation of geodesics between 4D surfaces, (3) the computation of statistical summaries, such as means and modes of variation, of collections of 4D surfaces, and (4) the synthesis of random 4D surfaces. We demonstrate the utility and performance of the proposed framework using 4D facial surfaces and 4D human body shapes.

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England’s “Bloody Code” in Crisis and Transition: Executions at the Old Bailey, 1760–1837

Journal of the Canadian Historical Association ◽

10.7202/1025075ar ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 71-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Simon Devereaux

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Early Modern ◽

Capital Punishment ◽

Early Nineteenth Century ◽

Old Bailey ◽

History Of ◽

Anglo American ◽

Execution Rates ◽

Early Modern Era ◽

Modern Era

The most celebrated and influential history of execution in England, V.A.C. Gatrell’s The Hanging Tree (Oxford, 1994), uses a survey of execution rates to make two very striking and seemingly persuasive assertions. First, more people were being hanged in early nineteenth-century England than at any time since the early modern era; and second, that the end of capital punishment came far more suddenly than previous studies have recognized. This article acknowledges and extends the importance of Gatrell’s first insight, while arguing that he nevertheless both understates the complexity of developments and overstates the suddenness with which both the letter and the practice of capital punishment were abandoned. It does so through a careful recalculation and analysis of execution rates at London’s Old Bailey courthouse, where execution was practiced on a far larger scale than in any other jurisdiction in the Anglo-American world, and whose practice most profoundly shaped the perceptions of both critics and proponents of capital punishment alike.

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LOW IMPLEMENTATION OF “BOS” FUNDS FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN PADANG CITY, INDONESIA

European Journal of Education Studies ◽

10.46827/ejes.v8i6.3795 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

Author(s):

M. Yusmaridi ◽

Vevi Sunarti ◽

R. Rusdinal ◽

Nurhizrah Gistituati ◽

Dewi Juita

Keyword(s):

High Schools ◽

Research Method ◽

Junior High ◽

Junior High Schools ◽

Financial Reports ◽

Education Personnel ◽

Execution Rates ◽

The Government ◽

School Committees ◽

Descriptive Method

The rationale of conducting this research came from observations carried out in Junior High Schools in Padang City regarding the large amounts of BOS (School Operational Assistance Fund Program) funds being returned to the government from schools. This phenomenon indicates that the government has not reached the targeted execution rates of BOS funds given to schools. The research method used to analyze the factors causing the low absorption of BOS funds was a descriptive method with a quantitative approach through percentage equations. According to the BOS budgets, the results obtained were 43.9% of schools involved teachers, education personnel, and school committees in planning activities. 43.7% of schools were able to account for the financial reports of BOS funds, while 51.8% of schools were wrong in understanding the regulations. In managing BOS funds, 59.9% of schools had competent human resources, actively participated in Bimtek activities, and had integrity. Only 29.3% of schools carried out administrative activities according to regulations. Article visualizations:<img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0773/a.php" alt="Hit counter" />

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4D Atlas: Statistical Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Variability in Longitudinal 3D Shape Data

10.36227/techrxiv.13629260.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

HAMID LAGA ◽

Marcel Padilla ◽

Ian H. Jermyn ◽

Sebastian Kurtek ◽

Mohammed Bennamoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Shape Space ◽

Spatiotemporal Variability ◽

3D Shape ◽

Execution Rates ◽

And Performance ◽

Body Shapes ◽

Spatiotemporal Registration ◽

Shape Data

We propose a novel framework to learn the spatiotemporal variability in longitudinal 3D shape data sets, which contain observations of subjects that evolve and deform over time. This problem is challenging since surfaces come with arbitrary parameterizations and thus, they need to be spatially registered onto each others. Also, different deforming subjects, hereinafter referred to as 4D surfaces, evolve at different speeds and thus, they need to be temporally aligned onto each others. We solve this spatiotemporal registration problem using a Riemannian approach. We treat a 3D surface as a point in a shape space equipped with an elastic Riemmanian metric that measures the amount of bending and stretching that the surfaces undergo. A 4D surface can then be seen as a trajectory in this space. With this formulation, the statistical analysis of 4D surfaces can be cast as the problem of analyzing trajectories, or 1D curves, embedded in a nonlinear Riemannian manifold. However, performing the spatiotemporal registration, and subsequently computing statistics, on such nonlinear spaces is not straightforward as they rely on complex nonlinear optimizations. Our core contribution is the mapping of the surfaces to the space of Square-Root Normal Fields (SRNF) where the L2 metric is equivalent to the partial elastic metric in the space of surfaces. Thus, by solving the spatial registration in the SRNF space, the problem of analyzing 4D surfaces becomes the problem of analyzing trajectories embedded in the SRNF space, which has a Euclidean structure. In this paper, we develop the building blocks that enable such analysis. These include: (1) the spatiotemporal registration of arbitrarily parameterized 4D surfaces even in the presence of large elastic deformations and large variations in their execution rates, (2) the computation of geodesics between 4D surfaces, (3) the computation of statistical summaries, such as means and modes of variation, of collections of 4D surfaces, and (4) the synthesis of random 4D surfaces. We demonstrate the utility and performance of the proposed framework using 4D facial surfaces and 4D human body shapes.

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