ERRATUM: “ON THE DETERMINATION OF MICHELSON DOPPLER IMAGER HIGH-DEGREE MODE FREQUENCIES” (2004, ApJ, 602, 481)

An ultimate design goal for an improved electron microscope, aimed at biological applications, is the determination of the structure of complex bio-molecules. As a prototype of this class of problems, we propose to examine the possibility of reading DNA sequence by an imaginable instrument design. This problem ideally combines absolute importance and relative simplicity, in as much as the problem of enzyme structure seems to be a much more difficult one.The proposed technique involves the deposition on a thin graphite lamina of intact double helical DNA rods. If the structure can be maintained under vacuum conditions, we can then make use of the high degree of order to greatly reduce the work involved in discriminating between the four possible purine-pyrimidine arrangements in each base plane. The phosphorus atoms of the back bone form in projection (the helical axis being necessarily parallel to the substrate surface) two intertwined sinusoids. If these phosphorus atoms have been located up to a certain point on the molecule, we have available excellent information on the orientation of the base plane at that point, and can then locate in projection the key atoms for discrimination of the four alternatives.

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Influence of the Share of Renewable Energy Sources on the Level of Energy Security in EECCA Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14040903 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 903 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivan Trifonov ◽

Dmitry Trukhan ◽

Yury Koshlich ◽

Valeriy Prasolov ◽

Beata Ślusarczyk

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Security ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Structural Content ◽

High Degree

In this study we aimed to determine the extent to which changes in the share of renewable energy sources, their structural complex, and the level of energy security in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) countries in the medium- and long-term are interconnected. The study was performed through modeling and determination of the structural characteristics of energy security in the countries. The methodology of the approach to modeling was based on solving the problem of nonlinear optimization by selecting a certain scenario. For the study, the data of EECCA countries were used. The ability of EECCA countries to benefit from long-term indirect and induced advantages of the transformation period depends on the extent to which their domestic supply chains facilitate the deployment of energy transformation and induced economic activity. This study provides an opportunity to assess the degree of influence of renewable energy sources on the level of energy security of countries in the context of energy resource diversification. The high degree of influence of renewable energy sources on energy security in the EECCA countries has been proven in the implementation of the developed scenarios for its increase. Energy security is growing. At the same time, its level depends not only on an increase in the share of renewable sources but also on the structure of energy resources complex of countries, and the development of various renewable energy sources. Therefore, today the EECCA countries are forced not only to increase the share of renewable energy sources but also to attach strategic importance to the structural content of their energy complex.

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Resistance to Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Determined by Bolus Injection Technique and Constant Rate Steady State Infusion in Humans

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198503000-00010 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 336-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Michael Kosteljanetz

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Steady State ◽

Bolus Injection ◽

Point Of View ◽

Injection Technique ◽

Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽

Constant Rate ◽

High Degree ◽

Infusion Technique

Abstract Two methods for the determination of resistance to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid, the bolus injection technique and the constant rate steady state infusion technique, were compared. Thirty-two patients with a variety of intracranial diseases (usually communicating hydrocephalus) were studied. There was a high degree of correlation between the resistance values obtained with the two methods, but values based on the bolus injection technique were systematically and statistically significantly lower than those obtained with the constant rate infusion test. From a practical point of view. both methods were found to be applicable in a clinical setting.

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Large elastic deformations of isotropic materials. I. Fundamental concepts

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.1948.0002 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 240 (822) ◽

pp. 459-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 441

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Elastic Behaviour ◽

Stress And Strain ◽

Elastic Deformations ◽

Hooke’S Law ◽

Widespread Agreement ◽

Wide Range ◽

Hooke's Law ◽

High Degree

The mathematical theory of small elastic deformations has been developed to a high degree of sophistication on certain fundamental assumptions regarding the stress-strain relationships which are obeyed by the materials considered. The relationships taken are, in effect, a generalization of Hooke’s law— ut tensio, sic vis . The justification for these assumptions lies in the widespread agreement of experiment with the predictions of the theory and in the interpretation of the elastic behaviour of the materials in terms of their known structure. The same factors have contributed to our appreciation of the limitations of these assumptions. The principal problems, which the theory seeks to solve, are the determination of the deformation which a body undergoes and the distribution of stresses in it, when certain forces are applied to it, and when certain points of the body are subjected to specified displacements. These problems are always dealt with on the assumption that the generalization of Hooke’s law is obeyed by the material of the body and that the deformation is small, i.e. the change of length, in any linear element in the material, is small compared with the length of the element in the undeformed state. Apart from the fact that the generalization of Hooke’s law is obeyed accurately by a very wide range of materials, under a considerable variety of stress and strain conditions, it has the further advantage that it leads to a mathematically tractable theory.

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EVALUATION OF PROTEIN IN FOODS: IV. A SIMPLIFIED CHEMICAL SCORE

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y59-145 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 1293-1299 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. M. McLaughlan ◽

C. G. Rogers ◽

D. G. Chapman ◽

J. A. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Rapid Screening ◽

Assay Method ◽

Efficiency Ratio ◽

Lysine Concentration ◽

Chemical Score ◽

Group A ◽

High Degree ◽

The Relationship ◽

Bio Assay

Available evidence has shown that most common foods are deficient in lysine, methionine, or in methionine and cystine. Based on the determination of these amino acids, a simplified chemical score was developed and compared with protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) values determined with the same samples. Each of 43 foods was assigned to either of two categories: (a) foods apparently deficient in lysine or (b) in methionine (+ cystine). With 16 foods in the former group there was a high degree of correlation between lysine concentration and P.E.R. With 27 foods in the latter group, a good correlation was found between the methionine (+ cystine) concentration and P.E.R. Since the regression lines for the two groups were different, a factor was added to the methionine (+ cystine) values to simplify the relationship. That foods deficient in lysine or in methionine (+ cystine) fell into two distinct groups appeared to be substantiated by data available in the literature. Because the simplified method is relatively rapid, yields reproducible results, and correlates with animal assays, it is proposed as a rapid screening procedure for the evaluation of protein in foods, but is not intended to replace the rat bio-assay method.

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Determination of Sample Size in Service Inspection

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology ◽

10.1115/1.2842267 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 119 (1) ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

S. Qin ◽

G. E. O. Widera

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Large Volume ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Degree Of Confidence ◽

Impossible Task ◽

The Mean ◽

High Degree ◽

Service Inspection ◽

False Rejection

When performing inservice inspection on a large volume of identical components, it becomes an almost impossible task to inspect all those in which defects may exist, even if their failure probabilities are known. As a result, an appropriate sample size needs to be determined when setting up an inspection program. In this paper, a probabilistic analysis method is employed to solve this problem. It is assumed that the characteristic data of components has a certain distribution which can be taken as known when the mean and standard deviations of serviceable and defective sets of components are estimated. The sample size can then be determined within an acceptable assigned error range. In this way, both false rejection and acceptance can be avoided with a high degree of confidence.

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Amplitude response of a telemetered seismic system from seismometers to digital acquisition system

Annals of Geophysics ◽

10.4401/ag-4128 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. Di Giovambattista ◽

S. Barba ◽

A. Marchetti

Keyword(s):

Digital Signals ◽

Amplitude Response ◽

Automatic Mode ◽

Steady State Method ◽

Sinusoidal Current ◽

Fully Automatic ◽

The Difference ◽

High Degree ◽

Seismic System

Automated amplitude response of the complete seismometer, telemetry and recording system js obtaiued trom sinusoidal inputs to the calibration coil. Custom-built software was designed to perform fully automatic cali- bration analyses of the digital signals. In this paper we describe the signals used for calibration and interactive and batch procedures designed to obtain calibration functions in automatic mode. By using a steady-state method we reach a high degree of accuracy in the determination of both the frequency and amplitude of the \ignal. The only parameters required by this procedure are the seismometer mass, the calibration-coil constant and the intensity of the current injected into the calibration coil. This procedure is applicable to telemetered seismic systems and represents an optimization of the processing time. The software was designed to requjre no modification" jf the device used to generate the sinusoidal current should change. In particular, it is possi- ble to changc the number of monotrequcncy packages transmitted to the calibration coil with the on]y restric- tion that the difference between the frequency of two consecutjve packages be greater than 5%; for these rea- sons the procedure is expected to be usefu] for the seismological community. The paper inc]udes a generaI de- scription of thc designing criteria, and of the hardware and software architecture, as well as an account of thc system's performancc during a two year period of operation.

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The use of parallel computing for the high-resolution determination of earthquake source parameters

Физика земли ◽

10.31857/s0002-33372019268-75 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 68-75

Author(s):

A. S. Fomochkina ◽

V. G. Bukchin

Keyword(s):

Parallel Computing ◽

Focal Mechanism ◽

Source Parameters ◽

Nodal Plane ◽

Earthquake Parameters ◽

Earthquake Source Parameters ◽

Detailed Search ◽

High Degree ◽

Special Case

Alongside the determination of the focal mechanism and source depth of an earthquake by direct examination of their probable values on a grid in the parameter space, also the resolution of these determinations can be estimated. However, this approach requires considerable time in the case of a detailed search. A special case of a shallow earthquake whose one nodal plane is subhorizontal is an example of the sources that require the use of a detailed grid. For studying these events based on the records of the long-period surface waves, the grids with high degree of detail in the angles of the focal mechanism are required. We discuss the application of the methods of parallel computing for speeding up the calculations of earthquake parameters and present the results of studying the strongest aftershock of the Tohoku, Japan, earthquake by this approach.

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