Prediction of long-term cancer survival from a short-term data set?

Abstract Carnivores play a central role in ecosystem processes by exerting top-down control, while fire exerts bottom-up control in ecosystems throughout the world, yet, little is known about how fire affects short-term carnivore distributions across the landscape. Through the use of a long-term data set we investigated the distribution of lions, during the daytime, in relation to burned areas in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We found that lions avoid burned areas despite the fact that herbivores, their prey, are attracted to burned areas. Prey attraction, however, likely results from the reduction in cover caused by burning, that may thereby decrease lion hunting success. Lions also do not preferentially utilize the edges of burned areas over unburned areas despite the possibility that edges would combine the benefit of cover with proximity to abundant prey. Despite the fact that lions avoid burned areas, lion territory size and reproductive success were not affected by the proportion of the territory burned each year. Therefore, burning does not seem to reduce lion fitness perhaps because of the heterogeneity of burned areas across the landscape or because it is possible that when hunting at night lions visit burned areas despite their daytime avoidance of these areas.

Download Full-text

Insights Into Fire-based Soil Temperature and Moisture Changes From a Long-term Data Set in Alaska

10.1002/essoar.10505527.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristen Manies ◽

Jennifer Harden ◽

William Cable ◽

Jamie Hollingsworth

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Data Set ◽

Term Data ◽

Soil Temperature And Moisture

Download Full-text

Prediction of Long Term Stress Rupture Data for 2124

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1041 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 519-521 ◽

pp. 1041-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Brian Wilshire ◽

H. Burt ◽

N.P. Lavery

Keyword(s):

Q Methodology ◽

Fracture Behavior ◽

Stress Rupture ◽

Creep Data ◽

Short Term ◽

Rupture Data ◽

Term Creep ◽

Term Data ◽

Short Term Creep

The standard power law approaches widely used to describe creep and creep fracture behavior have not led to theories capable of predicting long-term data. Similarly, traditional parametric methods for property rationalization also have limited predictive capabilities. In contrast, quantifying the shapes of short-term creep curves using the q methodology introduces several physically-meaningful procedures for creep data rationalization and prediction, which allow straightforward estimation of the 100,000 hour stress rupture values for the aluminum alloy, 2124.

Download Full-text

Investigating the Broken-Heart Effect: a Model for Short-Term Dependence between the Remaining Lifetimes of Joint Lives

Annals of Actuarial Science ◽

10.1017/s1748499512000292 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 236-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jaap Spreeuw ◽

Iqbal Owadally

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rates ◽

Short Term ◽

Numerical Work ◽

Data Set ◽

Multiple State ◽

Multiple State Model ◽

Insurance Data ◽

Over Time ◽

Assurance Contracts

AbstractWe analyze the mortality of couples by fitting a multiple state model to a large insurance data set. We find evidence that mortality rates increase after the death of a partner and, in addition, that this phenomenon diminishes over time. This is popularly known as a “broken-heart” effect and we find that it affects widowers more than widows. Remaining lifetimes of joint lives therefore exhibit short-term dependence. We carry out numerical work involving the pricing and valuation of typical contingent assurance contracts and of a joint life and survivor annuity. If insurers ignore dependence, or mis-specify it as long-term dependence, then significant mis-pricing and inappropriate provisioning can result. Detailed numerical results are presented.

Download Full-text

Trophic Level Relationships in Pelagic Food Webs: Comparisons Derived from Long-Term Data Sets for Oneida Lake, New York (USA), and Lake St. George, Ontario (Canada)

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f92-177 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 1588-1596 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Donald J. McQueen ◽

Edward L. Mills ◽

John L. Forney ◽

Mark R. S. Johannes ◽

John R. Post

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Total Phosphorus ◽

Trophic Level ◽

Data Sets ◽

Phytoplankton Abundance ◽

Data Set ◽

Oneida Lake ◽

Pelagic Food Webs ◽

Term Data

We used standardized methods to analyze a 14-yr data set from Oneida Lake and a 10-yr data set from Lake St. George. We estimated mean summer concentrations of several trophic level indicators including piscivores, planktivores, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and total phosphorus, and we then investigated the relationships between these variables. Both data sets yielded similar long-term and short-term trends. The long-term mean annual trends were that (1) the relationships between concentrations of planktivores and zooplankton (including daphnids) were always negative, (2) the relationships between concentrations of zooplankton and various measures of phytoplankton abundance were unpredictable and never statistically significant, and (3) the relationships between total phosphorus and various measures of phytoplankton abundance were always positive. Over short periods, the data from both lakes showed periodic, strong top-down relationships between concentrations of zooplankton (especially large Daphnia) and chlorophyll a, but these events were unpredictable and were seldom related to piscivore abundance.

Download Full-text

A long-term data set for hydrologic modeling in a snow-dominated mountain catchment

Water Resources Research ◽

10.1029/2010wr010030 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Michele L. Reba ◽

Danny Marks ◽

Mark Seyfried ◽

Adam Winstral ◽

Mukesh Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrologic Modeling ◽

Data Set ◽

Mountain Catchment ◽

Term Data

Download Full-text

Effects of agricultural credit on wheat productivity of small farms in Sindh, Pakistan

Agricultural Finance Review ◽

10.1108/afr-02-2017-0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 592-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Abbas Ali Chandio ◽

Yuansheng Jiang ◽

Feng Wei ◽

Xu Guangshun

Keyword(s):

Wheat Yield ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Small Scale ◽

Small Farms ◽

Short Term ◽

Agricultural Credit ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of short-term loan (STL) vs long-term loan (LTL) on wheat productivity of small farms in Sindh, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The econometric estimation is based on cross-sectional data collected in 2016 from 18 villages in three districts, i.e. Shikarpur, Sukkur and Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan. The sample data set consist of 180 wheat farmers. The collected data were analyzed through different econometric techniques like Cobb–Douglas production function and Instrumental variables (two-stage least squares) approach. Findings This study reconfirmed that agricultural credit has a positive and highly significant effect on wheat productivity, while the short-term loan has a stronger effect on wheat productivity than the long-term loan. The reasons behind the phenomenon may be the significantly higher usage of agricultural inputs like seeds of improved variety and fertilizers which can be transformed into the wheat yield in the same year. However, the LTL users have significantly higher investments in land preparation, irrigation and plant protection, which may lead to higher wheat production in the coming years. Research limitations/implications In the present study, only those wheat farmers were considered who obtained agricultural loans from formal financial institutions like Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited and Khushhali Bank. However, in the rural areas of Sindh, Pakistan, a considerable proportion of small-scale farmers take credit from informal financial channels. Therefore future researchers should consider the informal credits as well. Originality/value This is the first paper to examine the effects of agricultural credit on wheat productivity of small farms in Sindh, Pakistan. This paper will be an important addition to the emerging literature regarding effects of credit studies.

Download Full-text

A Multi-Year Examination of Gardening Experience and Fruit and Vegetable Intake During College

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092088 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2088 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Staub ◽

Sarah E. Colby ◽

Melissa D. Olfert ◽

Kendra Kattelmann ◽

Wenjun Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Farmers Markets ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Short Term ◽

Second Year ◽

Locally Grown ◽

Term Data ◽

Time Point

Gardening has been positively associated with fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption based on short-term studies among children, but long-term data among adolescents and young adults are lacking. This investigation sought to elucidate the association between gardening experience and FV intake among college students over a two-year period. Students (N = 593) from eight universities were assessed at the end of their freshman (Y1) and sophomore (Y2) years during the springs of 2016 and 2017, respectively. At each time point, participants completed the NCI FV Screener and questions related to gardening experience and FV-related attitudes and behaviors. Students were then categorized into four groups based on gardening experience: Gardened only during the first or second year (Y1 only and Y2 only gardeners), gardened both years (Y1+Y2 gardeners), and non-gardeners. While both Y1 only and Y1+Y2 gardeners reported significantly higher FV intake relative to non-gardeners at Y1 (2.3 ± 0.9 and 2.6 ± 0.7 versus 1.9 ± 0.6 cup equivalents (CE)/day, respectively; p < 0.01), only Y1+Y2 gardeners differed from non-gardeners at Y2 (2.4 ± 0.6 versus 1.8 ± 0.5 CE/day; p < 0.001). Additionally, Y1+Y2 gardeners reported more frequent engagement of several FV-related behaviors, including shopping at farmers’ markets, eating locally grown foods, and cooking from basic ingredients; and were five times more likely to have gardened during childhood (OR: 5.2, 95%, CI: 3.5–8.8; p < 0.001). Findings suggest that while isolated gardening experiences during college are associated with FV intake, reoccurring experience may be essential for sustained benefit.

Download Full-text