Effects of Raw Material Content on Efficiency of TiN Synthesized by Reactive Ball Milling Ti and Urea

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 078102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Jin-Feng ◽  
Li Xiao-Pu ◽  
Liang Bao-Yan ◽  
Zhao Yu-Cheng ◽  
Wang Ming-Zhi
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Content

Merging Footwear Design and Functionality

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-381
Author(s):  
Suzana Kutnjak-Mravlinčić ◽  
Jadranka Akalović ◽  
Sandra Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Production Concept ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Similar Appearance ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Footwear Design

AbstractFunctionality and appearance are key aspects of good footwear. Developments in recent science and technology offer a wider scope of innovations, contributing to diversity and higher complexity of the production concept of footwear. Contemporary industrial footwear market offers a practically limitless number of new design and fashion solutions, often of quite similar appearance, but with significant differences in quality level, both regarding manufacture, raw material content, durability, and in some special functional finishes. The materials for footwear manufacture are functionalized for functional protective purposes, such as antimicrobial, waterproofing, fire resistant, wear and tear resistant, and recently for some therapeutical purposes. Novelties in material functionalization for the materials built in the footwear are most often promoted and presented on tags and labels and are used as advertisement issues, while some functionalities have become a logo for some brands.

Ball-Milling Graphite Used for Synthesis of Biocompatible Blue Luminescent Graphene Quantum Dots

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou J ◽  
◽  
Dong Y ◽  
Ma Y ◽  
Zhang T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have been prepared by oxidationhydrothermal reaction, using ball-milling graphite as the starting materials. The prepared GQDs are endowed with excellent luminescence properties, with the optimum emission of 320nm. Blue photoluminescent emitted from the GQDs under ultraviolet light. The GQDs are ~3nm in width and 0.5~2 nm in thickness, revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectrum evidences the existence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, meaning GQDs can be dispersed in water easily and used in cellar imaging, and blue area inside L929 cells were clearly observed under the fluorescence microscope. Both low price of raw material and simple prepared method contribute to the high quality GQDs widespread application in future.

scholarly journals Study on the Preparation and Properties of Impervious and Breathable Sand Based on Hydrophobic Theory

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5613
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Xiong Zhang ◽  
Hao Ren
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Coating Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Pressure Resistance

Land desertification, a severe global ecological and environmental problem, brings challenges to the sustainable utilization of land resources in the world. The purpose of this research is to use hydrophobic theory to prepare impervious and breathable sand, and to solve the problems of sandy soil that seeps easily and makes it difficult for vegetation to survive in desertified areas. The influences of coating material content, first-level and second-level rough structure on the impermeability and air permeability of impervious and breathable sand were studied. The research showed that, with the increase in coating material content, the impervious performance of the sample increased firstly and then decreased, and the air permeability rose continuously. The hydrostatic pressure resistance of the sample can reach an extreme value of 53 mm. The first-level rough structure of micron structure can greatly improve the hydrophobic performance, thus improving the impervious performance. The addition of micron calcium carbonate would improve the hydrostatic pressure resistance height of the sample to 190 mm. The sample would reach a superhydrophobic state in the condition of a first-level rough structure of a nano structure built by nano silica, and the contact angle was up to 152.0°, so that the hydrostatic pressure resistance height can rise to 205 mm. The best performance would be achieved under the condition of relatively less raw material with a second-level rough structure of micro–nano. At this point, the contact angle of the sample reached 152.8° and the hydrostatic pressure resistance height was up to 205 mm. At the same time, the air permeability index of the above four kinds of impervious and breathable sand met all planting requirements. The sample prepared can satisfy the demands of different degrees of impermeability and air permeability, and can be widely used in desertification control.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the general composition and critical raw material content of bauxite residue in a storage area over a twelve-year period

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia B. Cusack ◽  
Ronan Courtney ◽  
Mark G. Healy ◽  
Lisa M.T. O’ Donoghue ◽  
Éva Ujaczki
Keyword(s):  
Bauxite Residue ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Storage Area

scholarly journals Production, characterization and mechanical properties of Solid form geopolymeric binder- via mechanochemical route using class-F fly ash.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAILESH KUSHWAH ◽  
Manish Mudgal ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Chouhan ◽  
Avanish Kumar Srivast
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Precast Construction ◽  
Class F Fly Ash ◽  
Solid Form

Abstract Here, we developed Solid form geopolymeric binder, the reaction between aluminosilicate material and dry chemicals i.e. fly ash with sodium hydroxide and sodium metasilicate by ball milling for 6 hrs. to make in solid form.. Mechanochemical ball milling of raw material causes a solid-state reaction between raw materials and form solid form geopolymeric precursor which requires the addition of water to make Solid form geopolymeric binder. This geopolymer has been characterized by different characterizing techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDAX, and evaluated for compressive, flexure, and split tensile strength. In our results, we had achieved a compressive strength of 55.4 MPa, flexure strength of 5.38 MPa, and split tensile strength of 3.9 MPa after 28 days of testing. Solid form geopolymers have overcome the handling and hazards difficulties, which is associated with the conventional route. So now it is possible to use Solid form geopolymeric binder as general building construction and in-situ application for construction industry, which were limited to precast construction work by conventional geopolymer route.

scholarly journals Sustainable products in the leather industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Ballus ◽  
Anna Bacardit
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Lower Carbon

Protecting the environment is one of the three objectives of sustainability. One way to achieve this is to preserve natural resources by using renewable or residual raw materials. These products have a shorter lifespan and a lower carbon footprint, are highly biodegradable, and are therefore considered to be sustainable products. In this paper, three retanning agents and two oils classified as sustainable products were studied. First, biobased carbon content (an indicator of renewable raw material content) was determined. Then, the physical and organoleptic properties of the leathers treated with each product (degree of softness, firmness and fullness) were evaluated. The COD of residual baths was also determined in oils. The products presented in this paper meet the sustainability requirements, i.e., high renewable raw material content, short lifespan, and low carbon footprint. In addition, these products show high fixation and therefore have a low COD in residual baths, thus also contributing to their sustainability.

Preparation and Properties of HfO2-Y2O3 Composite Coating on the Surface of Iridium Coating

2016 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng He Zhao ◽  
Shu Xin Bai ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yi Cong Ye ◽  
Li An Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hypersonic Vehicles ◽  
Low Temperature Sintering ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Electrophoresis Deposition ◽  
The Mean

A “ball milling mixing–low temperature sintering–ball milling smashing” method was applied to produce fine HfO2-Y2O3 composite powders (content of Y2O3 was 7.5 wt.%). The mean diameter of powders was about 0.2μm. By using these powders as raw material, after five cycles of “electrophoresis deposition (EPD)–sintering”, a layer of about 20μm thick HfO2-Y2O3(HYO) composite coating was prepared on the surface of iridium (Ir) coating. The result showed that HYO coating could endure thermal shock for 3 times from 1250°C to 25°C, its emissivity was 0.69 at 400°C and its thermal diffusivity was 0.592mm2/s, which will be a promising candidate applied on the nozzles and wing leading edges of hypersonic vehicles.

scholarly journals Potential of Briquette Produced with Torrefied Agroforestry Biomass to Generate Energy

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Gabriel Reis Portilho ◽  
Vinicius Resende de Castro ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Volatile Material ◽  
Material Content

Agroforestry industries, such as sugar-alcohol, food, and logging, produce large quantities of waste, used to generate energy from direct burning. The application of other processes, such as torrefaction and briquetting, can increase the profits from the use of agro-industrial waste for energy generation. Briquetting is an alternative for using these wastes, allowing the compaction of the biomass, generating a biofuel with high energy density, and which is more homogeneous and easier to store and transport. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of four biomass types (wastes from sawed eucalypt and pine wood, coffee pruning wastes, and sugarcane bagasse) torrefied at 300 °C and compacted (briquetting) at pressures of 6.21, 8.27, and 10.34 MPa. The torrefaction increased the fixed carbon content, ash, and calorific value, and reduced the volatile material content and hygroscopic equilibrium moisture of the biomasses. The volatile material content was lower and the fixed carbon higher in the coffee pruning waste, the ash content higher in the sugarcane bagasse, and the calorific value higher in the pine and eucalypt wood. The briquetting and the torrefaction processes increased the biomass bulk density, and the useful calorific value, respectively, and consequently the energy density of the briquettes produced with torrefied raw material under high pressure. The mechanical properties of the briquettes produced with all materials increased with the compaction pressure. Torrefaction and briquetting increased the energy potential of the biomasses evaluated to produce energy from clean technology.

scholarly journals Effect of Ball Milling on the Absorption Properties of Fe3O4

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Yi Liang ◽  
Yue Yuan ◽  
Yuwei Huang ◽  
Yujiang Wang ◽  
Shicheng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Spherical Structure ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Ball Milling Time

FeCl3∙6H2O was used as raw material to produce Fe3O4, using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Fe3O4, with different particle sizes, was obtained via mechanical ball-milling by controlling the milling time. Effect of the milling time on the structure, morphology, and electromagnetic parameters of Fe3O4 were studied, and the absorption properties and mechanism of Fe3O4, for different milling times were analyzed. The results showed that the integrity of the original small spherical structure decreased as the ball milling time increased. Fe3O4 showed excellent microwave absorptions as the milling time reached 2 h, the reflection loss reached the maximum of −21.19 dB at 4.64 GHz as the thickness was 6.55 mm.

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