Effect of fertilizer and cultivation systems and herbicide application on soil biological activity under spring barley cultivation and its yield

The results of the research devoted to the change of the biological composition of the soil under the conditions of activation of microbiological vital activity and increase in the number of earthworms in the technology of spring barley cultivation are presented. It was found that the organic system of growing crops against the background of manure, cereal straw and green manure in comparison with the organo-mineral system obtained a positive dynamics of decomposition of linen tissue and the development of earthworms in the soil.The highest grain yield was formed by agrocenosis of spring barley with the introduction of Lancelot 450 WG – 0.033 kg·ha–1 + Axial 50 EC – 1 dm3·ha–1 (tube exit phase) – 4900 kg·ha–1 and 4700 kg·ha–1 for organo-mineral and organic fertilizer systems in accordance.

Determination of DQE as a quantitative assessment of detectors in digital mammography: Measurements and calculation in practice

Introduction: Advances in digital detector technology and methods of image presentation in digital mammography now offer the possibility of implementing mathematical assessment methods to quantitative image analysis. The aim of this work was to develop new software to simplify the application of the existing international standard for DQE in digital mammography and show in detail how it can be applied, using a Siemens Mammomat Inspiration as a model. Material and methods: Consistent with the IEC standard a 2 mm Al filter at the tube exit and images in DICOM format as raw data, without applying any additional post-processing were used. Measurements were performed for W/Rh anode/filter combination and different tube voltage values (26 ÷ 34 kV) without any anti-scatter grid. To verify new software doses ranging from 20-600 µGy were used in measurements. Exposure (air kerma) was measured using a calibrated radiation meter (Piranha Black 457, RTI Electronics AB, Sweden). MTF was determined, using an edge test device constructed specifically for this work. Results: It has been demonstrated that with the new software the DQE can be measured with the accuracy required by the international standard IEC 62220-1-2. DQE has been presented as a function of spatial frequency for W/Rh anode/filter combination and different tube voltage. Conclusions: New software was used successfully to analyze image quality parameters for the Siemens Mammomat Inspiration detector. This was done on the basis of an internationally accepted methodology. In the next step, mammographs with different detector types can be compared.

Securing Endotracheal Tube in Pediatric Neurosurgical Patients Operated in Prone Position–A Novel Technique

Introduction The purpose of the present study relates to prevention of accidental extubation (AE) of pediatric patients in prone position. The control of endotracheal tube (ETT) in prone position becomes very difficult and an AE often occurs. This is more so deleterious in this age group because of the shallow respiratory reserves in children as well as the common use of noncuffed endotracheal tubes. The accidental tube exit may be a life-threatening event and its prevention is extremely important. Case Description Using the used plastic bottle of intravenous fluids, a rectangular piece is cut, foam pasted and wrapped on itself and stout threads are attached. This attachment is used for securing the ETT by wrapping it. The technical details are described in the text. The AE is a potentially disastrous event and its occurrence in pediatric patients is even more dangerous. Many techniques have been developed over the years for prevention of such an event. Conclusions The present technique uses all the principles of ETT fixation without leading to adding any significant technical difficulties. The method is safe, cost-effective and easily reproducible way of securement of ETT in pediatric neurosurgical patients operated in the prone position.

Effect of Fuel Nozzle Geometry on Swirling Partially Premixed Methane Flames

This paper presents an experimental study of the effect of fuel nozzle geometry on swirling partially premixed methane flames, where the focus is put on the ensuing flowfield and its role on coherent structures' suppression. The burner consists of a central interchangeable fuel nozzle surrounded by a swirling co-airflow where both discharge into a short mixing tube. The nozzle geometry is classified into two groups, namely, single- and multi-orifice nozzles. The swirling motion of the co-airflow is produced using a radial-type swirl generator with a swirl number of 1.15. The flowfield characteristics and coherent structures are documented using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Flame front dynamics are captured using Mie scattering technique. Quantitative laser sheet (QLS) is used to qualitatively shed light on the mixing characteristics downstream of the mixing tube exit, and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) is used to extract the coherent structures' peak frequency from the power spectra. The results revealed that the fuel nozzle geometry significantly affects the mean flowfield, mean, and root-mean-square (RMS) of the flame front location, flame front asymmetry, and coherent structures' amplitude. Higher spread rate and faster decay caused by single-orifice nozzles inside the mixing tube result in divergent flames with higher degree of flame front asymmetry downstream of the mixing tube exit. On the other hand, multi-orifice nozzles mitigate coherent structures, enhance mixing, and hence, promote the most appropriate conditions for coherent structures' suppression.

INCREASING OF WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY ON A BIOLOGICAL BASIS

The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of new environmentally friendly preparations on the formation of the crop and resistance of winter wheat to the most common fungal diseases. To achieve the goal of the research a field experiment was carried out on the basis of the scientific and educational production center "Integration" in the Orel district of the Orel region in 2016-2018. The options in the field experiment were arranged systematically in one tier. Repeatability in the experiments was 3-fold. Winter wheat was sown in the first decade of September. The background of mineral nutrition was N30P30K30. In spring double fertilizing with ammonium nitrate was carried out at 125 kg / ha. The experience options were: 1 – Control, without treatment; 2 – Trichodermin, seed treatment + treatment of crops in the tillering phase + in the tube exit phase; 3 – Trichodermin + Ultramag Combi grain, seed treatment + treatment of crops in the tillering phase + in the tube exit phase. The high efficiency of trichodermin and Ultramag Combi grain preparations on the winter wheat Moskovskaya 39 on dark gray forest soil was revealed. When treating seeds with a mixture of these preparations, the germination energy increased by 7%, and the laboratory germination rate increased by 9% compared to the control variant (without treatments). The high biological effectiveness treatment of seeds and double treatment of crops with a mixture of Trichoderma Ultramega Kombi grain against the causative agents of mushroom diseases was revealed. The development of Septoria decreased by 35.1% and brown rust-by 42.4% relative to the control option. The treatment of seeds and plants of winter wheat with Trichodermin alone provided an increase in yield by 19%, and a mixture of Trichodermin and Ultramagus Combined grain – by 23%.

Acoustic Coupling between Resonator Tubes in Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectrophones Employing a Large Prong Spacing Tuning Fork

A theoretical model describing the acoustic coupling between two resonator tubes in spectrophones exploiting custom-made quartz tuning forks (QTFs) is proposed. The model is based on an open-end correction to predict the optimal tube length. A calculation of the sound field distribution from one tube exit allowed for the estimation of the optimal radius as a function of the QTF prong spacing and the sound wavelength. The theoretical predictions have been confirmed using experimental studies employing a custom QTF with a fundamental flexural mode resonance frequency of 15.8 kHz and a quality factor of 15,000 at atmospheric pressure. The spacing between the two prongs was 1.5 mm. Spectrophones mounting this QTF were implemented for the quartz-enhanced photoacoustic detection of water vapor in air in the mid-infrared spectral range.

Flow Characteristics of Water-HPC Gel in Converging Tubes and Tapered Injectors

Gelled fuels combine the main advantages of liquid fuels (throttle ability) and solid fuels (easy handling, etc.) due to their non-Newtonian characteristics. In this paper, we study the flow characteristics of water-hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) gel in converging tubes and tapered injectors which mimic the flow and injection of kerosene gel in typical geometries of propulsion systems. The water-HPC gel is modeled as a non-linear fluid, where the shear viscosity is assumed to depend on the local shear rate and modeled by the Carreau–Yasuda model; the model parameters are fitted with our experimental measurements done by a rotational rheometer. The numerical simulations indicate that for the converging tubes, increasing the convergence angle, causes the mean apparent viscosity at tube exit to decrease while the mass flow rate reduces at a constant pressure drop. Therefore, there is a balance between the lowering of the pressure loss and reducing mean apparent viscosity. In the tapered injectors, the straight pipe after the converging part has a detrimental effect on the viscosity reduction.

Analysis of the Vortex Series Around Tabs in the Bent Marine Exhaust Ejector

In order to facilitate the application of special structural ejectors, which improve the ability of pumping the secondary flow without additional power consumption, reducing the flue gas temperature at the export and enhancing the ship viability under the threat of infrared guided weapons, this paper regardes the 90 ° bend tabs ejector as the research object according to the actual situation of our country’s ships, focuses on the inner effect of the existence of tabs on the flow field in the bent channel, and mainly revealed the transformation of the vortex around the tabs, for providing an explanation to a certain extent about how the tabs affect the macro performance of ejector. With ANSYS software, ring 8 equilateral triangles tabs were designed with 120 ° wall surface mounting angle. With adjusting the blocking ratio of the main outlet area based on the similar zoom, setting inlet swirl angle, and building a hybrid grid to compute, the vortex structure distribution and the development around tabs were observed. The maximum vorticity of vortex at different distances in the mixing tube to the mix tube exit had been calculated to reflect the change of vortex intensity. The final results show that although the streamwise vortices are still located in an axial symmetrical distribution, the swirl angle leads to an uneven distribution of the flow on both sides of a single tab. The inlet swirl angle can make the symmetry of the steamwise vortex vaguer, but the effect of the convection to the vortex is enhanced. The blocking area ratio of the nozzle cross-sectional surface has a large effect on the vorticity of the streamwise vortex. The calculation results show that the larger the blocking area is, the greater the vorticity of streamwise vortex is, which also shows that when the tab shape is fixed, the tab surface area will increase the streamwise vorticity. Through the above research, the shape and the change of the streamwise vortex generated by the tabs in the bent ejector are clearly demonstrated, which can be a reference for the design of high performance bent ejector.