scholarly journals Mining exploitation forecasted effects caused by a hard coal extraction from a thick seam

2020 ◽  
Vol 1426 ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
J Orwat
Keyword(s):  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Thick Seam

Hybrid Technology of Hard Coal Mining from Seams Located at Great Depths

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Czaja ◽  
Paweł Kamiński ◽  
Jerzy Klich ◽  
Antoni Tajduś
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification

Abstract Learning to control fire changed the life of man considerably. Learning to convert the energy derived from combustion of coal or hydrocarbons into another type of energy, such as steam pressure or electricity, has put him on the path of scientific and technological revolution, stimulating dynamic development. Since the dawn of time, fossil fuels have been serving as the mankind’s natural reservoir of energy in an increasingly great capacity. A completely incomprehensible refusal to use fossil fuels causes some local populations, who do not possess a comprehensive knowledge of the subject, to protest and even generate social conflicts as an expression of their dislike for the extraction of minerals. Our times are marked by the search for more efficient ways of utilizing fossil fuels by introducing non-conventional technologies of exploiting conventional energy sources. During apartheid, South Africa demonstrated that cheap coal can easily satisfy total demand for liquid and gaseous fuels. In consideration of current high prices of hydrocarbon media (oil and gas), gasification or liquefaction of coal seems to be the innovative technology convergent with contemporary expectations of both energy producers as well as environmentalists. Known mainly from literature reports, underground coal gasification technologies can be brought down to two basic methods: - shaftless method - drilling, in which the gasified seam is uncovered using boreholes drilled from the surface, - shaft method, in which the existing infrastructure of underground mines is used to uncover the seams. This paper presents a hybrid shaft-drilling approach to the acquisition of primary energy carriers (methane and syngas) from coal seams located at great depths. A major advantage of this method is the fact that the use of conventional coal mining technology requires the seams located at great depths to be placed on the off-balance sheet, while the hybrid method of underground gasification enables them to become a source of additional energy for the economy. It should be noted, however, that the shaft-drilling method cannot be considered as an alternative to conventional methods of coal extraction, but rather as a complementary and cheaper way of utilizing resources located almost beyond the technical capabilities of conventional extraction methods due to the associated natural hazards and high costs of combating them. This article presents a completely different approach to the issue of underground coal gasification. Repurposing of the already fully depreciated mining infrastructure for the gasification process may result in a large value added of synthesis gas production and very positive economic effect.

scholarly journals Methane emissions against the background of natural and mining conditions in the Budryk and Pniówek mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Dreger ◽  
Sławomir Kędzior
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Conditions

AbstractThe paper presents the variability of hard coal output, methane content and methane emissions into coal workings and into the atmosphere from the two most methane-gassy coal mines in Poland. The Budryk mine is one of the youngest mines in Poland, but it is the most methane-gassy as well. In 2016, the total CH4 emissions exceed 140 million of m3. This large increase in methane emissions to mine workings is primarily related to the increase in the depth of coal extraction (up to 1290 m) and, consequently, the rapid increase in the methane content in coal seams (up to 10–12 m3/Mg coaldaf). On the other hand, in the Pniówek mine, methane emission was the highest at the beginning of the study period (1986–1991). During the following years, emission decreased to the values of less than 140 million of m3, which were still one of the largest amounts of emitted methane in the entire Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The coexistence of natural factors, such as the geological structure and gas distribution, as well as mining-related factors, i.e. the depth of mining, the intensity of coal extraction determines the temporal variability of methane emissions in the studied mines.

scholarly journals Seismological Activity During Room and Pillar Hard Coal Extraction at Great Depth

2017 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Schreiber ◽  
Petr Konicek ◽  
Milan Stonis
Keyword(s):  
Great Depth ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal

scholarly journals Preliminary results of tests on nitrogen cushion for combating fire hazard in longwalls rich in methane

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01066
Author(s):  
Dawid Szurgacz ◽  
Leszek Sobik ◽  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Maxim Grigashkin
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endogenous Fire ◽  
Roof Support

Ventilation hazard is the most dangerous phenomena occurring in the hard coal extraction process. This particularly applies to endogenous fire hazard. In order to reduce it, it is necessary to improve the effectiveness of preventive measures. Hence this paper presents new solutions that substantially improve fire prevention effectiveness. The main idea is to develop and create an additional nitrogen cushion in the zone behind the powered roof support operating in a longwall face. The solution is based on installations for inerting of goafs and sections of the powered roof support. The nitrogen cushion restricts the access of air and oxygen to the area of goafs and limits the possibility of fire. Practical application of the developed solution allowed for effective reduction of fire hazard in conditions of a very high tendency of coal to self-ignite at short incubation period. This, in turn, enables safe exploitation and decommissioning of the longwall. Undoubtedly, the solution presented and the results obtained constitute a new approach to preventive actions in mines. It is the result of the work of theoretical and practical researchers. The solution is a combination of the potential of these two environments. The developed solution should find wide range of applications in the areas where endogenous fire and methane hazards occur.

scholarly journals Edges of overlying seams as a factor responsible for strong mining tremors occurrence during underground hard coal extraction in the light of seismic moment tensor inversion method

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Łukasz Wojtecki ◽  
Adam Mirek ◽  
Grażyna Dzik
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Moment ◽  
Longwall Mining ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Moment Tensor Inversion ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Seismic Moment Tensor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mining Tremors

Physical processes occurring in the focus of tremor can be identified by solving a focal mechanism via the seismic moment tensor inversion method. In this article the estimation of focal mechanisms of strong mining tremors (according to Polish law tremors of energy higher or equal 1·105 J), which occurred during longwall mining of coal seam no. 507 in one of the hard coal mines in the Polish part of Upper Silesian Coal Basin was performed. Totally 7 strong mining tremors with the local magnitude from 1.84 to 2.52 were analysed. The most probable geomechanical processes in the foci of these tremors have been reconstructed. An attempt to determine the correlation between the edges of overlying seams no. 502, 504 or 506 and strong mining tremors occurrence has been made. The strike of determined nodal planes is in accordance with the azimuth of mentioned edges. The difference between them (absolute value) varies from 0.3° to 34.1° (on average approximately 19°).

scholarly journals Modyfikacja zakresu analizy kosztów wydobycia węgla kamiennego z uwzględnieniem cyklu życia wyrobiska wybierkowego

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-0
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Segeth-Boniecka
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Corrective Measures ◽  
Cost Planning ◽  
The Cost

Modyfikacja zakresu analizy kosztów wydobycia węgla kamiennego z uwzględnieniem cyklu życia wyrobiska wybierkowego The aim of the article is to present the results of research on validity and possibilities of using longwall life cycle in the analysis of hard coal extraction costs. Moreover, it aims to indicate the benefits accruing from its application in management of hard coal mines. The article addresses a topical and important issue of solu- tions in the cost analysis sphere in Polish hard coal mines, which has not been thoroughly researched yet. The cost analysis of the longwall life cycle would support the cost planning process by facilitating the estimation of extraction profitability. It would also aid the monitoring and the control of incurred costs on an ongoing basis and enable adoption of possible corrective measures. Finally, it would become a significant tool in the process of assessment if the goals are attained, as well as identifying variations and their causes. To achieve the aforementioned aims, a review of relevant literature was conducted. All the analyses were based on data collected during research conducted in years 2013–2014 in one of three largest coal compa- nies in Poland.

scholarly journals Changes in the methane emissions and hard coal output in the Brzeszcze mine (the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Marcin Dreger
Keyword(s):  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Coal Deposit ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin

The paper presents the variability of methane emissions in mining excavations in the Brzeszcze mine (Poland) against the background of hard coal output, geological and mining factors. The geological structure of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) is very diverse. The Brzeszcze coal deposit is located close to the large and permeable Jawiszowice fault which increases the methane hazard during mining activities performed close to this fault. The overall decrease in hard coal output (1988–2018) has coincided with a rapid increase in methane emissions (1997–2018). Throughout the study period, hard coal output decreased threefold from 3.9 to 1.2 million Mg annually. Coal extraction in high methane content beds (e.g. 510, 405/1, 364, 352) increases the total methane (CH4) emission into mining excavations, aggravating the methane hazard due to the high explosiveness of the gas. To protect miners, coal workings need to be continuously ventilated, taking the harmful gas out of the mine (ventilation air methane emission) or methane needs to be captured by underground methane systems (degassing). Every year, over 34 million m3 of CH4 is captured by the drainage systems and over 70 million m3 CH4 (average) is discharged through ventilation shafts into the atmosphere. The presence of the large, permeable regional dislocation, the Jawiszowice fault zone, shaped the methane concentration in the fault vicinity, when the highest methane emissions during coal mining was studied.

Visual Analysis of the Cultural Landscape in Terms of Vegetation for the Purposes of Revitalization of Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 301-317
Author(s):  
Sylwia Szefler
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Landscape Units ◽  
The One

The article presents a visual analysis of the landscape, based on the modified SBE method and the possibility of using this type of research for the purposes of revitalization of rural areas. The scope of the research covered the Puchaczów commune in which, due to environmental conditions, mining related to hard coal extraction has developed. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the existence of diverse height structure of the plant cover increases the attractiveness of the landscape. The research method consisted in using the SBE analysis for 13 landscape units, presented as actual illustrations and modified pictures (as computer visualizations) by adding trees and shrubs. Then, using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test, it was examined whether there is a significant difference for the average visual value evaluation between original and modified sketches.

scholarly journals Target costing as an element of the hard coal extraction cost planning process

2017 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Segeth-Boniecka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Target Costing ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Cost Planning ◽  
The Subject

Target costing as an element of the hard coal extraction cost planning process Striving for the efficiency of activities is of great significance in the management of hard coal extractive enterprises, which are constantly subjected to the process of restructuring. Effective cost management is an important condition of the increase in the efficiency of the researched business entities’ activity. One of the tools whose basic objective is conscious influencing cost levels is target costing. The aim of this article is to analyse the conditions of implementing target costing in the planning of hard coal extraction costs in hard coal mines in Poland. The subject area raises a topical and important problem of the scope of solutions concerning cost analysis in hard coal mines in Poland, which has not been thoroughly researched yet. To achieve the abovementioned aim, the theoretical works of the subject area have been referenced. The mine management process is difficult and requires the application of best suited and most modern tools, including those used in the planning process of hard coal extraction costs in order to support the economic efficiency of mining operations. The use of the target costing concept in the planning of hard coal mine operations aims to support the decision-making process, so as to achieve a specified level of economic efficiency of the operations carried out in a territorially designated site of hard coal extraction.

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