scholarly journals Evaluation of electromagnetic pollution index (EMPI) emitted from multiple sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 2056 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
M A A Frah ◽  
V V Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Electromagnetic Pollution

Abstract In this paper the cooperative electromagnetic pollution index (EMPI) from many RF sources is evaluated in terms of three components which are strength of magnetic and electric field expressed in A/m and V/m, respectively, and irradiated power in W/m2. They are generated by a portable laptop computer (LC) with a liquid crystal monitor and other three sources in front area of it. The LC radiation interference with radiation from mobile phone, Wi-Fi and microwave oven in the radio frequency range from 300 Hz up to 3GHz has been measured. The experiment involves testing 45 different points in the keyboard area and 45 points in the in front area of the PC in its operating state. After that a comparison was made between the calculated values for multiple sources frame work and the measured experimental values. Then these EMPI values have been compared with the internationally recommended SAR values.

POLARIZATION OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM DOUBLE LAYER AND AGGLOMERATION OF POLYELECTROLYTE BALLS

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (17n18) ◽  
pp. 2334-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. CEBERS ◽  
I. RUBINSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Polarization Phenomenon ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Dna Solutions ◽  
Aggregation Phenomena ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Non-equilibrium polarizability of a polyelectrolyte ball is calculated in the frame-work of a quasi-onedimensional model, taking into account the concentration polarization phenomenon. This non-equilibrium polarizability is shown to be proportional to the volume of a polyball and to have a negative sign. Based on these results, the available experimental data to the aggregation phenomena in DNA solutions are considered in terms of the electric field induced phase separation. Numerical estimates for the critical electric field strength necessary for the aggregation to take place and the frequency range where it is observed are in a reasonable agreement with experiment. In the framework of this model, the internal circulations observed in the DNA aggregates are interpreted as being due to the spontaneous rotation of polyelectrolyte balls with a negative polarizability.

LIQUID CRYSTLASLIGHT SCATTERING BY FLUCTUATIONS INDUCED BY AN APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD IN A NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL (APAPA)

1972 ◽  
Vol 33 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-63-C1-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BERTOLOTTI ◽  
B. DAINO ◽  
P. Di PORTO ◽  
F. SCUDIERI ◽  
D. SETTE
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Applied Electric Field

scholarly journals Polymer Dispersed Cholesteric Liquid Crystals With a Toroidal Director Configuration under an Electric Field

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Anna P. Gardymova ◽  
Mikhail N. Krakhalev ◽  
Victor Ya. Zyryanov ◽  
Alexandra A. Gruzdenko ◽  
Andrey A. Alekseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal ◽  
Dichroic Dye ◽  
Polymer Dispersed

The electro-optical properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films are highly dependent on the features of the contained liquid crystal (LC) droplets. Cholesteric LC droplets with homeotropic boundaries can form several topologically different orientational structures, including ones with single and more point defects, layer-like, and axisymmetric twisted toroidal structures. These structures are very sensitive to an applied electric field. In this work, we have demonstrated experimentally and by computer simulations that twisted toroidal droplets reveal strong structural response to the electric field. In turn, this leads to vivid changes in the optical texture in crossed polarizers. The response of droplets of different sizes were found to be equivalent in terms of dimensionless parameters. In addition, the explanation of this phenomenon showed a comparison of theoretical and experimental structural response curves aids to determine the shape of the droplet. Finally, we demonstrated that the addition of a dichroic dye allows such films to be used as optical filters with adjustable color even without polarizers.

scholarly journals Simulation of Thermal and Electric Field Distribution in Packaged Sausages Heated in a Stationary Versus a Rotating Microwave Oven

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
Wipawee Tepnatim ◽  
Witchuda Daud ◽  
Pitiya Kamonpatana
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Plastic Package ◽  
Heating Uniformity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Good Agreement

The microwave oven has become a standard appliance to reheat or cook meals in households and convenience stores. However, the main problem of microwave heating is the non-uniform temperature distribution, which may affect food quality and health safety. A three-dimensional mathematical model was developed to simulate the temperature distribution of four ready-to-eat sausages in a plastic package in a stationary versus a rotating microwave oven, and the model was validated experimentally. COMSOL software was applied to predict sausage temperatures at different orientations for the stationary microwave model, whereas COMSOL and COMSOL in combination with MATLAB software were used for a rotating microwave model. A sausage orientation at 135° with the waveguide was similar to that using the rotating microwave model regarding uniform thermal and electric field distributions. Both rotating models provided good agreement between the predicted and actual values and had greater precision than the stationary model. In addition, the computational time using COMSOL in combination with MATLAB was reduced by 60% compared to COMSOL alone. Consequently, the models could assist food producers and associations in designing packaging materials to prevent leakage of the packaging compound, developing new products and applications to improve product heating uniformity, and reducing the cost and time of the research and development stage.

Liquid crystal fiber optic electric field probe

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrys M. Lacquet ◽  
Pieter L. Swart ◽  
Stephanus J. Spammer
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Electric Field Probe
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