scholarly journals Difference of cooling use during sleep between elderly and young people

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012239
Author(s):  
N Umemiya ◽  
K Terao ◽  
Y Chen
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Recovery Score ◽  
Sleep Maintenance ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Fatigue Recovery ◽  
Night Waking

Abstract In Japan, nearly 80% of heatstroke occurrences in recent years have involved people older than 65 years old. This study surveyed the actual use of cooling by elderly people at sleep time compared to those found for younger people. Results revealed the followings. 1) Ratios of cooling use at sleep time were 30.8% for elderly people and 57.4% for younger people. The respective ratios of natural ventilation use at sleep time were 39.9% and 32.4%. 2) Average wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGTs) of bed rooms during sleep were 26.9°C for elderly people and 26.4°C for younger people. 3) Elderly people feel warmer than younger people but they feel more thermally comfortable. 4) Sleep scores were 49.7 for elderly people and 48.5 for younger people. No difference was found for the frequency of night waking or the Sleep maintenance score, but the Fatigue recovery score showed the greatest difference between elderly and younger people.

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapy of Insomnia: Focus on Zolpidem Extended Release

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMT.S2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Monti ◽  
D. Warren Spence ◽  
S.R. Pandi-Perumal ◽  
Salomon Z. Langer ◽  
R. Hardeland
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Sleep Maintenance ◽  
Acting Agent ◽  
Relative Selectivity ◽  
Hepatic Cytochrome ◽  
Methyl Phenyl

The imidazopyridine drug zolpidem ( N,N,6-trimethyl-2[4-methyl-phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetamide) is a sedative/hypnotic with relative selectivity for α1 subunits of the GABAA receptor/chloride channel complex. Because of this selectivity and regional receptor distribution, zolpidem is less generalized in its CNS depressive actions than benzodiazepines and largely devoid of their major, undesired side- and after-effects, at recommended doses. Zolpidem is rapidly taken up and distributed, binds extensively to plasma proteins, and is readily inactivated by hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, especially CYP3A4. Zolpidem is thus a rapidly acting agent which provides effective facilitation of sleep onset. However, plasma levels of the immediate release (IR) formulation frequently decline too quickly for effective sleep maintenance. To address this problem zolpidem extended release (ER) has been developed. At age-specific dosages, it increases, in middle-aged and elderly patients, total sleep time and reduces the number of nocturnal awakenings. Both zolpidem IR and ER have favorable toxicological profiles. Adverse effects are moderate, frequently in the incidence range of placebos, and certainly less frequent and severe than those of benzodiazepines. Zolpidem IR and ER are practically devoid of next-day hangover effects and only infrequently cause rebound insomnia of usually short duration. Both variants of zolpidem have a limited potential for dependence and abuse.

scholarly journals Change and Continuity in Vaping and Smoking by Young People: A Qualitative Case Study of a Friendship Group

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McKeganey ◽  
Marina Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Friendship Group ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Substantial Change

This paper explores as a case study the development of e-cigarette use and smoking within small friendship group (n=8) in Glasgow, Scotland. Interviewed twice at six months apart these 16/17 year olds reported substantial change in their use of and attitudes towards e-cigarettes and tobacco. At time 1 vaping generated much excitement and interest, with 6/8 having their own vape device. At time 2 only two young people still vaped, with the others no longer professing any interest in continued vaping. The two regular smokers, who had been smoking before they first vaped, now only vaped privately and to reduce their tobacco intake. This small case study illustrates plasticity in the use of electronic cigarettes; just as young people can initiate using these devices so too can they more away from their use- with such changes in actual use occurring within a relatively short period of time. These findings demonstrate more than anything else the volatility in young peoples’ substance use behaviour. If we are to better understand these behaviours we require both quantitative and qualitative research studies that are capable of both monitoring changes in individual and group behaviour over time but which are also able to elucidate the nuance of individual behaviour differentiating between long term, frequent, consistent use and more episodic, experimental and infrequent use by young people.

scholarly journals A study on sleep apnea in patients with abnormal sewda type of depression

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aman Gul ◽  
Nassirhadjy Memtily ◽  
Pirdun Mijit ◽  
Palidan Wushuer ◽  
Ainiwaer Talifu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Structure ◽  
Maintenance Rate ◽  
Sleep Maintenance ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Objective: To preliminarily investigate the clinical features and PSG in abnormal sewda-type depressive insomnia. Methods: A total of 127 abnormal sewda-type depressive insomnia patients were evaluated with overnight PSG, and 32 normal participants were compared. Results: Patients with abnormal sewda-type depressive insomnia were compared with the control group; the sleep symptoms showed a long incubation period of sleep, low sleep maintenance rate, low sleep efficiency and poor sleep quality as well as daytime dysfunction. At process and continuity of sleep: Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep maintenance rate in abnormal sewda-type depressive insomnia group were shorter than the control group. Wake after sleep onset, and sleep latency were longer than the control group. At sleep structure: N1 ratio and N2 ratio in depressive insomnia group were longer than the control group, N3 ratio and REM sleep ratio shorter than the control group. At REM index: REM latency, REM cycles, and REM sleep time were shorter than the control group. Conclusion: Insomnia symptoms in abnormal sewda-type depression comorbid insomnia patients were similar to the ordinary insomnia patients. The PSG characteristics had significant changes in sleep process, sleep structure and REM indicators. The severity of the abnormal sewda-type depression was closely related to REM indicators. Change of REM sleep characteristics may be the specificity, and these could be taken as reference in diagnosis and identification of abnormal sewda-type depressive insomnia.

The Superior Sleep of Healthy Elderly Nuns

1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn C. Hoch ◽  
Charles F. Reynolds ◽  
David J. Kupfer ◽  
Patricia R. Houck ◽  
Susan R. Berman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Sleep Maintenance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Good Sleep

The nocturnal sleep structure of ten healthy elderly nuns was compared to that of ten healthy age-matched female controls. The nuns fell asleep more quickly and had less early morning awakening, as well as greater REM sleep time. These differences may reflect the more highly entrained life style of the nuns, including modest habitual sleep restriction (and thus accumulated sleep debt) of about one hour each night. The current findings, reviewed in relation to the sleep and aging literature, tend to support the concept that some of the effects of aging on sleep can be offset by attention to good “sleep hygiene,” including careful entrainment of sleep schedule and modest habitual sleep restriction. However, age-related decrements in slow-wave sleep and sleep maintenance were not significantly better in the nuns.

scholarly journals Depictions of Alcohol in Australian TV ‘Bachelor In Paradise’: A Content Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-680
Author(s):  
Annette L Purdey ◽  
Caroline L Miller ◽  
Jacqueline A Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Reality Tv ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Tv Show

Abstract Aims To quantify the depictions of alcohol in the popular Australian reality TV show—Bachelor in Paradise (season 1: 2018). Methods All 16 episodes were coded in 1-min intervals for the presence of alcoholic beverage related content and non-alcoholic beverage content, and the categories of actual use, implied use and other references. Results Alcohol was highly prevalent in all episodes. Alcohol content occurred frequently, with 70.7% of intervals having any alcohol content. Actual alcohol use occurred in 31.9% of 1-min intervals, implied alcohol use occurred in 63.4% of intervals and other alcohol references occurred in 14.0% of intervals. Alcohol content was present in the first or second 1-min interval of all 16 episodes. Alcohol content was more than twice as prevalent as non-alcoholic content (34.0%). Conclusions The high volume of alcohol content depicted in the show is of concern, due to the important influence it may have on the audience. Vulnerable viewers, especially minors and young adults, are being exposed to ubiquitous alcohol references. This may influence their perceptions of normal alcohol use, their attitudes toward alcohol and their own consumption of alcohol. A stronger regulatory regime is required in Australia to protect young people more effectively from depictions in television programs.

Sleep Patterns During Afternoon Naps in the Young and Elderly

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (518) ◽  
pp. 107-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Moderate Reduction

Recently there has been interest in the nocturnal sleep of the elderly. The studies by McGhie and Russel (1962), Weiss et al. (1962), Kales et al. (1967) demonstrated that, compared with young adults, elderly people have a reduced total sleep time, more awakenings following sleep onset and a moderate reduction in REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. In other words, elderly people have a more disturbed sleep. While this group have a shortened night's sleep, they are given to taking afternoon naps, and it may be that through these they can compensate for their insomnia at night.

scholarly journals Decreased inhibition of exosomal miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2 replication underlies poor outcomes in elderly people and diabetic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbo Wang ◽  
Xiaoju Zhu ◽  
Xia-Ming Jiang ◽  
Jingwei Guo ◽  
Zheng Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Serum Exosomes

AbstractElderly people and patients with comorbidities are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection, resulting in severe complications and high mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we investigate whether miRNAs in serum exosomes can exert antiviral functions and affect the response to COVID-19 in the elderly and people with diabetes. First, we identified four miRNAs (miR-7-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-145-5p and miR-223-3p) through high-throughput sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis, that are remarkably decreased in the elderly and diabetic groups. We further demonstrated that these miRNAs, either in the exosome or in the free form, can directly inhibit S protein expression and SARS-CoV-2 replication. Serum exosomes from young people can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and S protein expression, while the inhibitory effect is markedly decreased in the elderly and diabetic patients. Moreover, three out of the four circulating miRNAs are significantly increased in the serum of healthy volunteers after 8-weeks’ continuous physical exercise. Serum exosomes isolated from these volunteers also showed stronger inhibitory effects on S protein expression and SARS-CoV-2 replication. Our study demonstrates for the first time that circulating exosomal miRNAs can directly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and may provide a possible explanation for the difference in response to COVID-19 between young people and the elderly or people with comorbidities.

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