Girls’ Night Out: The Role of Women-Centered Friendship Groups in University Hookup Culture

There is a wealth of research that has addressed gender dynamics in hookup culture. Drawing on focus group interviews with undergraduate women at a mid-sized university in Canada, I examine the shared rituals, practices, and perceived risks within women-centered friendship groups during a typical “girls’ night out.” I confirm that undergraduate women experience many potential risks to their safety and well-being as they navigate the hookup scene and interact with undergraduate men. To try to mitigate those risks and attempt to enjoy their nights out, I find that undergraduate women spend significant portions of their evenings dedicated to women-centered bonding rituals and partying. I show that undergraduate women engage in gendered strategies within their friendship group to have fun, connect with desirable hookup partners, and try to keep their friends safe. By expanding the social scripts of their nights out in hookup culture, I show the types of gender selves that are produced within women-centered friendship groups and reveal the importance of women-centered friendship groups to the maintenance of hookup culture itself.

Hidden speech, private thoughts: a case study in peer conversation and educational choice

The role of peer and friendship-group conversation in educational and career choices is of great relevance to widening participation (WP) practitioners, but has been little studied in recent years. We interviewed young people and WP practitioners in Carlisle, an isolated city in the UK, to interrogate this subject. We found that young people were clearly discussing their future choices, sometimes overtly and sometimes in 'unacknowledged conversations'. However some topics and ambitions were seen as 'too private' to discuss; all of our young people had a plan for the future, but many believed that some of their friends did not, possibly because of this constraint. We also discuss the role of older students in informing choices, the phenomenon of 'clustering' that can lead to young people funnelli ng into certain options, and the role that geographical isolation might play in exacerbating some effects. Finally we give some recommendations for WP practice based on these findings.

Coping with a Post-Communist World

After a broad overview, this chapter analyzes two specific instances of North Korea’s authoritarian image management, spanning both the Cold War and post–Cold War eras. First, it focuses on North Korea’s Japan-based efforts to craft an appealing image among Koreans there through Chongryon (the General Association of Korean Residents in Japan). Second, it discusses the loose network of North Korea sympathizer organizations around the world. The chapter draws on primary North Korean media sources, online evidence of friendship group activities, and fieldwork conducted about Chongryon in Japan in 2019. The main argument is that North Korea’s image management efforts have been effective in some respects, but they appear outdated and ill-suited to the contemporary world because the country was slow and hesitant to adapt to new realities. The system was designed for a context of party-to-party relations and Third World solidarity initiatives that eventually faded in relevance.

‘I guess girls can be more emotional’: Exploring the complexities of sextual consent with young people

Often focusing on permission to act or not to act, debates about sexual consent are multifaceted and enduring. The pervasive presence of digital technology in young people’s lives has added new complexities to ‘sextual’ consent. Drawing on qualitative small friendship group interview data with school-aged young people in Aotearoa New Zealand, this article provides insights into their understandings of consent surrounding the creation and sharing of intimate images. Through navigating the nuances of sextual consent, young people are forming their own informal norms and expectations. These informal norms are strengthened by competitive masculinity which disadvantages young women at all stages of the process, resulting in gendered harms and victim blaming. Many young people expressed views that unsafe sexting, in terms of pressure, coercion to produce the image, the image being shared without consent and the resulting fall out, could be avoided with an enhanced programme of digital literacy. While digital literacy has merit, it should not be at the expense of conversations around gender, power and culture, desire, victimisation, or how young people from different socio-cultural backgrounds navigate these relations.

Investigating Friendship Difficulties in the Pathway from ADHD to Depressive Symptoms. Can Parent–Child Relationships Compensate?

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with friendship difficulties. This may partly account for the increasingly recognised association between ADHD and subsequent depression. Little is known about the types of friendship difficulties that could contribute to the association between ADHD and depressive symptoms and whether other relationships, such as parent–child relationships, can mitigate against potential adverse effects of friendship difficulties. In a representative UK school sample (n = 1712), three main features of friendship (presence of friends, friendship quality and characteristics of the individual’s classroom friendship group) were assessed in a longitudinal study with two assessment waves (W1, W2) during the first year of secondary school (children aged 11-12 years). These friendship features (W1) were investigated as potential mediators of the prospective association between teacher-rated ADHD symptoms (W1) and self-rated depressive symptoms (W2) seven months later. Parent–child relationship quality (W1) was tested as a moderator of any indirect effects of ADHD on depression via friendship. ADHD symptoms were inversely associated with friendship presence, friendship quality and positive characteristics of classroom friendship groups. Depressive symptoms were inversely associated with presence and quality of friendships. Friendship quality had indirect effects in the association between ADHD and subsequent depressive symptoms. There was some evidence of moderated mediation, whereby indirect effects via friendship quality attenuated slightly as children reported warmer parent–child relationships. This highlights the importance of considering the quality of friendships and parent–child relationships in children with ADHD symptoms. Fostering good quality relationships may help disrupt the link between ADHD symptomology and subsequent depression risk.

Bridal Shower: Tren Perayaan Melepas Masa Lajang di Kalangan Perempuan di Kota Makassar

Bridal shower is a celebration of letting go of single status adopted from European and American culture. This has become a new form of ceremony held by a friendship group, as the bridesmaids. It examines the adoption process of bridal shower, the process of the celebration itself, and the meaning of such celebration from both bridesmaids and bride to be. This qualitative research was conducted in the capital city of Makassar, It involved 14 informant whose age between 21 and 26 years. They consist of eight bridesmaids who make and plan a bridal shower, four bride to be who have received a surprise bridal shower celebration, and two party planners who have five years experience in organizing such celebration. Data was collected using the combination of in-depth interview and observation, examining 18 cases of bridal shower celebration. The study indicates that bridal shower is conducted as a moment of separation and as a form of support from bridesmaids to the bride to be who will be heading to a new life. The reasons behind the celebration of bridal shower includes the presence of group awareness, moment of letting go of friend, as a form of group support, following trend, and as a form of reciprosity. The celebration of bridal shower includes five stages. First, welcoming bride to be with a number of surprises. Second, embedding of attributes with the use of a crown to show the privileges of the bride to be and a shawl as a medium for writing funny messages that generally relate to the transfer of status and sexuality. Third, playing games in the form of questions with sanctions. Fourth, disclosing messages and impressions from the bridesmaid to the bride to be; Fifth, ending up eating together while reminiscing. Although each stage has its own purpose, they are all meant to make the bride to be happy. Bridal shower celebration is full of meanings, namely: as a status switch, as a medium for self reflection and introspection, and as a moment for friendship group existence. Bridesmaids support is very significant considering that the transition from one status to another and incoming new responsibilities both create fears to the bride to be. Thus, bridal shower celebrations become a transitional ritual at the critical moment because, on the one hand, bride to be has already "bound" by the acceptance of groom’s proposal; on the other hand, the status of marriage has not been grasped, a moment which Van Gennep (1960) termed as "rites de passage". A bridal shower celebration is a moment in which the bride to be stretches herself towards getting married. Bridal shower is also a medium for reflection and introspection, accompanied by the expression of messages of "farewell", discourses or advice to the bride to be. Bridal shower is also a moment to show the existence of a friendship group through uploading photos/videos of bridal shower celebration on social media and an event to display status, for both bridesmaids and brides to be.

Friendship Group Activities: Voices from Chinese EFL Learners

Friendship group activities, as one of the learner-centered applications of collaborative learning, promotes learners’ overall abilities and have been warmly welcomed into English as a foreign language (EFL) classes in China. However, because of the complexity of the multi-level classroom life, sometimes this application becomes problematic in the actual practice. To tackle this problem and illustrate the dynamic characteristics of collaborative language learning, further investigation into friendship groups from the students’ perspective is necessary. The present study was conducted through qualitative research with six semi-structured interviews, which aimed to elicit learners’ in-depth views on group work in the actual language classrooms and create a more suitable facilitative classroom environment for future students. The findings show that the fundamental factors, such as culture, teacher guidance and group processing have significantly impacted students’ performance and participation. This impact may have important implications for implementing collaborative language learning in future EFL contexts.

The Oxford Group and the Emergence of Animal Rights

This book is an account of the life and times of a loose friendship group (later christened the Oxford Group) of ten people, primarily postgraduate philosophy students, who attended the University of Oxford for a short period of time from the late 1960s. The Oxford Group, which included—most notably—Peter Singer and Richard Ryder, set about thinking about, talking about, and promoting the idea of animal rights and vegetarianism. The group therefore played a role, largely undocumented and unacknowledged, in the emergence of the animal rights movement and the discipline of animal ethics. Most notably, the group produced an edited collection of articles published as Animals, Men and Morals in 1971 that was instrumental in one of their number—Peter Singer—writing Animal Liberation in 1975, a book that has had an extraordinary influence in the intervening years. The book serves as a case study of how the emergence of important work and the development of new ideas can be explained, and, in particular, how far the intellectual development of individuals is influenced by their participation in a creative community.

Singer, Hare, and the Role of the Academy

This chapter examines the extent to which Peter Singer’s intellectual development can be explained by the formal academic environment. It therefore provides a case study testing the explanatory validity of the research school model (focusing on the hierarchical relationship within an academic setting in which the mentor/protégé relationship is the norm) as opposed to the collaborative circle friendship group model. Particular attention is placed on the role of Singer’s academic supervisor, the philosopher R. M. Hare. It is argued that Hare’s role was important in a number of ways but there were limits to his influence on Singer. In particular, Hare wrote little about animal ethics and was only a lukewarm vegetarian. Moreover, while both were utilitarians, Singer did not derive his utilitarianism from Hare.

PENERAPAN PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL DAN EMOSI UNTUK MENGURANGI AGRESIFITAS PADA ANAK DENGAN BORDERLINE INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING

This research was aimed to investigate effectiveness of implementation of social and emotional skills training to reduce aggressiveness on child with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF). The participant was a 7 years old boy who was diagnosed having BIF that complained having difficulty to regulate his emotion when he was angry. The training program was adapted from Friendship Group Program that developed by Bierman et al. (2017), yet implemented in individual setting and adjusted to the child needs. In this program, researchers involved parent in the sessions and provided tasks to encourage him to practice the skills at his natural setting. It was single-subject design research to examine cause-effect relationship on the program deliver. The success of program implementation was evaluated qualitatively using interview, observation, and task evaluation; and quantitatively by comparing the score of Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) on social competence, social problem, and aggression problem. The result indicated that there were increase on social and emotional skills, and decrease on aggressiveness behavior on child with BIF.