scholarly journals Development of an AFO with Dual-material using an FDM Printer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012200
Author(s):  
D Otegen ◽  
K Shomenov ◽  
K Zhangabay ◽  
Desmond Adair ◽  
Md. Hazrat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Dual Material ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Abstract This paper presents a design and development of an Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) printed with a multi-extrusion Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printer. AFO is crucial in the healing of patients with ankle joint displacement. It helps to heal the foot easily. The model is designed to print with dual materials such as flex and polylactic acid (PLA). The critical problem in building a prototype is to obtain excellent bonding properties between the layers of different materials. The Flex material is softer than the PLA and both have different melting temperatures. Thus, successfully printing with an excellent adhesive is the key concern in multimaterial applications. The paper also presents the simulation results of an AFO to justify the mechanical properties and required materials for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Current State and Challenges of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites as Feeder in FDM-Based 3D Printing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Nishata Royan Rajendran Royan ◽  
Jie Sheng Leong ◽  
Wai Nam Chan ◽  
Jie Ren Tan ◽  
Zainon Sharmila Binti Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

As one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, fused deposition modelling (FDM) shows great potential in printing natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRC). However, several challenges, such as low mechanical properties and difficulty in printing, need to be overcome. Therefore, the effort to improve the NFRC for use in AM has been accelerating in recent years. This review attempts to summarise the current approaches of using NFRC as a feeder for AM. The effects of fibre treatments, composite preparation methods and addition of compatibilizer agents were analysed and discussed. Additionally, current methods of producing feeders from NFRCs were reviewed and discussed. Mechanical property of printed part was also dependent on the printing parameters, and thus the effects of printing temperature, layer height, infill and raster angle were discussed, and the best parameters reported by other researchers were identified. Following that, an overview of the mechanical properties of these composites as reported by various researchers was provided. Next, the use of optimisation techniques for NFRCs was discussed and analysed. Lastly, the review provided a critical discussion on the overall topic, identified all research gaps present in the use of NFRC for AM processes, and to overcome future challenges.

Defining the Mechanical Properties of a Spring-hinged Ankle Foot Orthosis to Assess its Potential Use in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette L. Kerkum ◽  
Merel-Anne Brehm ◽  
Annemieke I. Buizer ◽  
Josien C. van den Noort ◽  
Jules G. Becher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Foot Orthosis ◽  
Walking Energy Cost

A rigid ventral shelf ankle foot orthosis (AFO) may improve gait in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) whose gait is characterized by excessive knee flexion in stance. However, these AFOs can also impede ankle range of motion (ROM) and thereby inhibit push-off power. A more spring-like AFO can enhance push-off and may potentially reduce walking energy cost. The recent development of an adjustable spring-hinged AFO now allows adjustment of AFO stiffness, enabling tuning toward optimal gait performance. This study aims to quantify the mechanical properties of this spring-hinged AFO for each of its springs and settings. Using an AFO stiffness tester, two AFO hinges and their accompanying springs were measured. The springs showed a stiffness range of 0.01−1.82 N·m·deg−1. The moment-threshold increased with increasing stiffness (1.13–12.1 N·m), while ROM decreased (4.91–16.5°). Energy was returned by all springs (11.5–116.3 J). These results suggest that the two stiffest available springs should improve joint kinematics and enhance push-off in children with SCP walking with excessive knee flexion.

Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Pulkin Gupta ◽  
Sudha Kumari ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
Ankit Kumar Sinha ◽  
Prashant Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a layer-by-layer manufacturing process type of 3D-printing (3DP). Significant variation in the mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens is observed because of varied process parameters and interfacial bonding between consecutive layers. This study investigates the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical strength of FDM 3D printed Polylactic acid (PLA) parts with constant 3DP parameters and ambient conditions. To meet the objectives, 7 sets, each containing 5 dog-bone shaped samples, were fabricated from commercially available PLA filament. Each set was subjected to heat treatment at a particular temperature for 1 h and cooled in the furnace itself, while one set was left un-treated. The temperature for heat treatment (Th) varied from 30 °C to 130 °C with increments of 10 °C. The heat-treated samples were characterized under tensile loading of 400 N and mechanical properties like Young’s modulus (E), Strain % ( ε ) and Stiffness (k) were evaluated. On comparing the mechanical properties of heat-treated samples to un-treated samples, significant improvements were observed. Heat treatment also altered the geometries of the samples. Mechanical properties improved by 4.88 % to 10.26 % with the maximum being at Th of 110 °C and below recrystallization temperature (Tr) of 65 °C. Deformations also decreased significantly at higher temperatures above 100 °C, by a maximum of 36.06 %. The dimensions of samples showed a maximum decrease of 1.08 % in Tr range and a maximum decrease of 0.31 % in weight at the same temperature. This study aims to benefit the society by establishing suitable Th to recover the lost strength in PLA based FDM 3D printed parts.

scholarly journals Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modelling Processed Polyphenylsulfone Material

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolin Huang ◽  
S.H. Masood ◽  
Mostafa Nikzad ◽  
Prabhu Raja Venugopal ◽  
Adhiyamaan Arivazhagan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Fused Deposition

scholarly journals Evaluation of Reliefs’ Properties on Design of Thermoformed Packaging Using Fused Deposition Modelling Moulds.

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Lucía Rodríguez-Parada ◽  
Pedro F. Mayuet ◽  
Antonio J. Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Packaging Industry

The increased consumption of food requiring thermoformed packaging implies that the packaging industry demands customized solutions in terms of shapes and sizes to make each packaging unique. In particular, food industry increasingly requires more transparent packaging, with greater clarity and a better presentation of the product they contain. However, in turn, the differentiation of packaging is sought through its geometry and quality, as well as the arrangement of food inside the packaging. In addition, these types of packaging usually include ribs in the walls to improve their physical properties. However, these ribs also affect the final aesthetics of the product. In accordance with this, this research study analyses the mechanical properties of different relief geometries that can affect not only their aesthetics but also their strength. For this purpose, tensile and compression tests were carried out using thermoformed PET sheets. The results provide comparative data on the reliefs studied and show that there are differences in the mechanical properties according to shape, size and disposition in the package.

Effect on infill density on mechanical properties of PETG part fabricated by fused deposition modelling

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1838-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
W. Ruban ◽  
A. Deepanraj ◽  
R. Bhuvanesh ◽  
T. Bhuvanesh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition
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