scholarly journals The effect of discharge and water level on the electric voltage generated by the watermill

2021 ◽  
Vol 2098 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
H A Rusydi ◽  
I N A Hasanah ◽  
M P Yudi ◽  
Sarah ◽  
O Sumarna ◽  
...  

Abstract Potential energy is stored in water (in falling water) and kinetic energy (in flowing water) so that many studies have used water as alternative energy. This research was conducted to investigate the electric voltage generated by the waterwheel with different water flows and water levels. How to make a waterwheel are: (1) Prepare tools such as a plastic wheel, dynamo type (5V), cables, and lamps. (2) Connect the end of the plastic wheel to the end of the rotating dynamo. (3) Connect the cables to both ends of the dynamo. (4) Connect the two free ends of the cable to the lamp. (5) Test the waterwheel on running water and connect the cable to the multi-tester if you want to measure the voltage and current. The method used in this research is a demonstration experiment. The results of the study indicate that the electric voltage caused by the rotation of the wheel by running water can turn on the light. The greater the flow of water that flows, the greater the voltage generated and the lights get brighter. Furthermore, the experiments in this study can be used for the science learning process to students.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Aurelius Fredimento ◽  
John M. Balan

The development and the progress of media communication at the present is a fact of the knowledge and the technology development that must be accepted. It presence like the flowing water which has a fast current that brings also two influences both positive and negative that must be accounted for the members of the Catholic Students Community Of St. Martinus Ende (KMK St. Martinus Ende). Both positive and negative influences the media community like a kinetic energy or a power attraction that attract  them in a tiring ambiquity. Let them walk alone without escort of a decisive compass where they should have a rightist attitude and responsible. On the point, the guidance and assistance of the church is an  offering  if the church will be born a generation  of the future  of the  church  that is mature and has a certain quality  based  on the growth  and the development  of acuteness and inner  to determine the attitude to the development of media communication. The process of sharpening of mind and the sharpeness of the participants can be realized by giving some activities such as: awareness, deepening and even  the sharpeness of the actor of  media communication as an  alternative of reporting work of the God Kingdom for human beings. It becomes the main moving spirit or activator  for the board of KMK Of St. Martinus Ende  to plan and boring  about the activity of catechism. The activity rise the method of Amos.  By this method, the participants are invited to build a deeply reflection that based on thein real experiences about the media communication, while keep on self opening to the God planning will come  to them  and  give them via  the commandment of God.  The commandment  of God  come to light, inspiration, motivate, power and critics to the  participants about the using of the media communication as a media of the commandment of the kingdom of God  to the world that is more progress and development lately.


Author(s):  
Michael B. McElroy

As discussed in Chapter 4 and illustrated in Figure 4.1, close to 50% of the solar energy intercepted by the Earth is absorbed at the surface. Approximately half of this energy, 78 W m– 2, is used to evaporate water, mainly from the ocean. What this means is that evaporation of water accounts for as much as a third of the total solar energy absorbed by the Earth (atmosphere plus surface). The atmosphere has a limited ability to retain this water. Evaporation is balanced in close to real time by precipitation. A portion of this precipitation reaches the surface in regions elevated with respect to sea level— in mountainous locations, for example. It is endowed in this case with what we refer to as potential energy (Chapter 4). This potential energy can be stored (in lakes or dams, for instance), or it can be released, converted to kinetic energy (directed motion) as the water flows downhill on its return to the ocean. And along the way, energy can be captured and channeled to perform useful work. An early application involved exploiting the power of running water to turn a flat stone, one of two that constituted the apparatus used to grind grain, the other remaining stationary during the grinding process. The Domesday Book records that by AD 1086 as many as 5,624 water mills were operational in England south of the River Trent, deployed not just to grind grain but for a multitude of other tasks, including, but not confined to, sawing wood, crushing ore, and pumping the bellows of industrial furnaces (Derry and Williams 1960). Later, running water would provide the motive force for the textile industry that marked the beginning of the industrial age in North America, specifically in New England (Steinberg 1991; McElroy 2010). The most important contemporary application of water power involves the generation of electricity, the bulk of which is obtained by tapping the potential energy stored in high- altitude dams, a lesser fraction from the kinetic energy supplied by free- flowing streams (what is referred to as run- of- the- river sources).


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016.53 (0) ◽  
pp. _1313-1_-_1313-5_
Author(s):  
Atsushi YAMAMOTO ◽  
Shigeo KIMURA ◽  
Nobuyoshi KOMATSU ◽  
Takahiro KIWATA ◽  
Takaaki KONO ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Budiyanto Budiyanto ◽  
Pandu Imam Sudibyo Adib ◽  
Sari Puspita Ningsih

Biobriquet defined as fuel and solid which came from organic rested material. The formation of biomass into biobriquet intended to facilitate its utilizing. The use of biobriquet as alternative energy can replace the use of kerosene for burning needs in the household. This research is aimed to determine the best type of biobriquet based on the quality of burning performance produced by kerosene control and determine life time of biobriquet that have been packaged on plastic and paper bags that saved in temperature room. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture,UniversityofBengkuluand PT Sucofindo Bengkulu. It examined four types of biobriquet which are palm shell charcoal biobriquet (A), Empty fruit bunch (EFB) charcoal + coal biobriquet (B), EFB charcoal biobriquet (C) and non-choarcoling oil palm shells biobriquet (D). Observed variables are the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, levels of substance to fly, lighting time, burning time, Water Boiling Test (WBT), Control Cooking Test (CCT), intensity of smoke, and water content changes in packaging of biobriquet. The results showed  that non-choarcoling palm oil shells biobriquet (D) is the best biobriquet based on performance quality. If it compared with kerosene, non-choarcoling palm oil shells biobriquet (D) is better than kerosene, while in other biobriquets, kerosene is still the best one. Based on other biobriquet tests (water content, calorific value, ash content, levels of substance to fly, lighting time, burning time and fuel consumption biobriquet), the best biobriquet that replaced kerosene is TKKS charcoal biobriquet (C), however, for the variables which compared with kerosene (burning time and fuel consumption), kerosene is still the best one. Biobriquet that packaged by using paper bags for 6 weeks the rising of water levels are relatively low compared with the plastic bags.


Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venelin Jivkov ◽  
Vutko Draganov

A city bus with hybrid drive system was studied for its performance. The driveline under consideration consists of two alternative energy sources—an internal combustion engine (ICE) and kinetic energy storage (KES)—a hydrostatic transmission (HST), a drive axle and corresponding gears. A generalized law for HST control is obtained that satisfies kinematic and torque requirements for the alternative energy sources and the different modes of operation of the bus. A test stand was developed for validation of the chosen control strategy and for the energy flow simulations through the HST. The estimated maximum energy recovery potential is around 20–25%.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Schock

Boca, Toca. Toca Lab: Plants. June 2017. Version 1.1.1. iTunes App Store, https://itunes.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1225994089?mt=8 Ages: 4-6Price: $2.99Available for Apple, Google Play, and Kindle Fire Toca Lab: Plants, from developer Toca Boca complements other apps in the Lab series, which aim to make science accessible through play. Toca Lab: Plants provides an open and unstructured environment to both nurture and experiment with plants. Upon opening the app, players enter a lab where a plant bobs happily in in the center, waiting to be played with; the plants are quite friendly and invite the player to interact. Five lab stations offer chances to experiment: a grow light, watering tank, nutrition station, cloning machine, and crossbreeding apparatus. In playing with these lab tools, the player can propagate plants, discover new plants, nurture others in pots, and keep track of them all in a botany chart. The plants, as characters in this app, are endearing. They respond with joy and exuberance to stimuli they like and with fear and shudders at stimuli they dislike. They even giggle and shake their leaves in response to touch. The lab itself is visually interesting and begs to be explored. Each station has machines to turn on, knobs to crank, faucets to open, or buttons to push. Since the play is wordless and largely without text (species are labelled with their Latin and common names at some points), the sound effects help to clarify what is happening and the materials in use, such as running water or electricity. The graphics are classic Toca Boca: beautiful bold colours, exaggerated blocky shapes, quirky plant characters, and uncluttered scenes. While all these elements – the app’s open play that supports experimentation and discovery, the beautiful visuals, and the endearing plants – make for a compelling play experience initially, the app is limited in extending play beyond these initial encounters. When compared with the imaginative possibilities in Toca Builders or Toca Blocks, for example, which allow users to create new spaces, scenes, structures, and worlds, Toca Lab: Plants feels limited. Players can only create so many new plants before the species begin to repeat themselves. Similarly, with the experiments, once all the plants have been moved through each experiment, the play is essentially mastered. Other than the plant chart (which is simply compiled as the player plays), there is no opportunity to construct something here, such as a garden or living structure with which to extend the world. Still, the app is beautiful and engaging, invites discovery and experimentation, and provides surprises and excitement as plants grow and change in response to the player’s actions. There is much fun to be had here in Toca Lab: Plants.  Recommended: 3 out of 4 starsReviewer: Katherine Schock Katherine is a high school English teacher currently working on an MLIS at the University of Alberta. Her passion for children’s literature is kindled daily by her two small children and her much larger students. 


2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabuj Das Gupta ◽  
Md. Shahinur Islam ◽  
Md. Shah Masum ◽  
Syed Ashraful Karim ◽  
Md. Golam Rahman

Author(s):  
Karel Adámek ◽  
Jan Kolář ◽  
Pavel Peukert

The paper contains the overview of so-called vortex valve, used as outlet device on retention reservoirs for retention of rainstorms and later slow outflow into drainage etc. Simple one-dimensional equations are well known, but for complex three-dimensional flow fields inside the valve the method of flow numerical simulation is used. Particular paragraphs contain the theory of flow fields inside, explanation of branched flow characteristic, separated by transitional area, basics of designing and influence of both inlet/outlet opening sizes on the form of characteristic, valve adaptation for high flows at low water levels etc. Results are used for designing of new model series of valves for various water flows and levels.


2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1033-1039
Author(s):  
Valeriu Dulgheru ◽  
Ion Bostan ◽  
Viorel Bostan ◽  
Anatol Sochireanu ◽  
Nicolae Trifan ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Eeva-Stiina Tuittila ◽  
Aino Korrensalo ◽  
Aleksi Räsänen ◽  
Tarmo Virtanen ◽  
...  

Abstract. Northern peatlands are projected to be crucial in future atmospheric methane (CH4) budgets and have a positive feedback on global warming. Fens receive nutrients from catchments via inflowing water and are more sensitive than bogs to climate change-caused variations in their ecohydrology. Yet, due to a lack of data detailing the impacts of moving water on microhabitats and CH4 fluxes in fens, there remains large uncertainties in predicting CH4 emissions from these sites. We measured CH4 fluxes with manual chambers over three growing seasons (2017–2019) at a northern boreal fen. To address the spatial variation at the site where a stream flows through the long and narrow valley fen, we established sample plots at varying distances from the stream. To link the variations in CH4 emissions to environmental controls, we quantified water levels, peat temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, vegetation composition and leaf area index in combination with flux measurements during the growing season in 2019. We found that due to the flowing water, there was a higher water level, lower peat temperatures, and more oxygen in the peat close to the stream, which also had the highest total leaf area and gross primary production (GPP) values but the lowest CH4 emissions. Further from the stream, the conditions were drier and produced low CH4 emissions. In contrast, CH4 emissions were highest at an intermediate distance from the stream where the oxygen concentration in the surface peat was low but GPP was still high. Our results emphasise the key role of ecohydrology in CH4 dynamics in fens, and for the first time show how a stream controls CH4 emissions in a flow-through fen. As valley fens are common peatland ecosystems from the arctic to the temperate zones, future projections of global CH4 budgets need to take flowing water features into account.


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