scholarly journals Functionalization of Multiwall Carbon Nano-Tube Supported Zinc Oxide Solid Acid Catalyst Using Sulfonate Compound for Transesterification of Schleichera Oleosa L Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2117 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
N P Asri ◽  
R Saraswati ◽  
R R Yogasuara ◽  
D A Puspitasari ◽  
Y W Mirzayanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Schleichera Oleosa ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Carbon Nano Tube

Abstract Biodiesel is an alternative energy obtained through the trasesterification of vegetable oil in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst plays a very important role in the success of the transesterification process. One way to increase the activity of the catalyst is through chemical modification called functionalization, which generally using SO3 group as a sulfonating agent is known as the sulfonation process. However, the disadvantage of this process is that it uses strong acids which are corrosive, require high temperatures and are not environmentally friendly. This study aims to increase the activity of zinc oxide catalyst supported by multi-wall carbon nano tube (Z/MWCNTs) sulfonated using (NH4)2SO4 as sulfonating agent. The synthesis route includes co-precipitation, sulfonation and precipitation time. The effect of concentration of ammonium sulfate, co-precipitation time, and sulfonating time on yield of biodiesels of kesambi (Schleichera oleosa L) oil (OSOBD) was investigated. The result showed that the activity functionalized Z/MWCNTS catalyst (Z/s-MWCCNTs) could enhance significantly. The results of the catalyst activity test on transesterification of OSO into biodiesel showed that Z/s-MWCNTs gave a high yield of 91% for the functionalized catalyst using ammonium sulfate with a concentration of 35%, co-precipitation time 12 hours and sulfonation time 4 hours. The functionalization of MWCNTS with the sulfonation process using ammonium sulfate has the potential to increase catalyst activity and can increase the efficiency of the transesterification process for non-edible oils, especially kesambi oil.

Thermodynamic and anticancer properties of inorganic zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized through co-precipitation method

2021 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 115602
Author(s):  
Seyyed Vahid Mousazad Goorabjavari ◽  
Fateme Golmohamadi ◽  
Saba Haririmonfared ◽  
Hosein Ahmadi ◽  
Soheil Golisani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Co Precipitation

Synthesis and Characterization of Different γ-Al2O3 Nanocatalysts for Methanol Dehydration to Dimethyl Ether

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Ya'ghoob Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khosravi Nikou
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Methanol Dehydration ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Abstract A simple co-precipitation method was utilized to synthesize γ-Al2O3 catalysts using aluminum nitrate nonahydrate as the source of aluminum cations for methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether (DME). Different precipitating agents comprising ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia solutions were used for preparation of the samples. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, NH3-TPD and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. The sample prepared by ammonia solution had the highest acidity among the synthesized catalysts. Also, N2 adsorption-desorption results showed suitable textural properties for all of the synthesized samples. Vapor phase dehydration of methanol to DME was performed in the fixed bed micro reactor over the synthesized catalysts and commercial one for comparison purposes. The effects of different characteristics of catalysts such as surface area, acidity, sintering factor and temperature as an operating parameter on performance of catalysts were investigated. The catalyst prepared by ammonia solution showed best catalytic activity due to the suitable textural properties and high amount of acidic sites. Also, the results showed that only high acid strength can’t result high yield of DME for a solid acid catalyst.

scholarly journals Nano CoO-Cu-MgO catalyst for vapor phase simultaneous synthesis of ortho-chloroaniline and γ-butyrolactone from ortho-cholonitrobenzne and 1,4-butanediol

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Reddy Kannapu 1,2,3 ◽  
Young-Woong Suh2,3 ◽  
Veeralakshmi Vaddeboina 1 ◽  
Anand Narani 1 ◽  
David Raju Burri 1 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Coupling Process ◽  
Hydrogen Consumption ◽  
Simultaneous Synthesis ◽  
Co Precipitation

Aiming at developing an efficient catalysts for simultanoius hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene to o-chloroaniline and 1,4-butanediol dehydrogenation to  γ-butyrolactone. A series of CoO-Cu-MgO catalysts, composed of 10 wt% of copper, various amount of cobalt loadings (1, 5 and 10 wt%) and remaining of MgO were developed by co-precipitation followed by thermal treatment. o-Chloroaniline and γ-butyrolactone were the main products with high yield of 85% and 90%, respectively. The advantage of the coupling process is that the hydrogenation reaction was conducted without external hydrogen, indicating minimise the hydrogen consumption which is also known as hydrogen economy route. From N2O characterization results, the high activtiy of 5CoO-10Cu-MgO was found to have high amount of Cu species (Cu0/Cu+1) species and govern the stable activity and selectivity on time on stream study in presence of cobalt in Cu-MgO.

scholarly journals A review on bioenergy and biofuels: sources and their production

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ubaid Rasool ◽  
S. Hemalatha
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Alternative Energy Resources ◽  
Direct Use

Bioenergy refers to renewable energy produced from biomass. Biomass is any organic material which has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Depleting fossil fuel reserves and growing demand for energy has necessitated the renewed search for alternative energy resources such as plants. Biofuels are an alternative to fossil fuels, which are liquid or gaseous fuels that are derived from biomass sources. Biofuels can be used alone or in combination with other fossil fuels such as petrol. Biofuels are classified into first, second and third generation biofuels. In this review paper, emphasis on the production of biodiesel and bioethanol and how to modify the methods that involve their formation has been carried out. Biodiesel and bioethanol come under first generation biofuels. The first generation biofuels are produced from starch and sugars (bioethanol) and from seed oils (biodiesel). The direct use of vegetable oils and non-edible oils can prove harmful for the diesel engines due to their high viscosity, high density and various other problems that are related to them. So there is a need of converting these sources into biodiesel so that it can be used as a replacement for petroleum based diesel. Another important biofuel, referred to as bioethanol has gained a lot of importance. This review article deals with the conversion of non-edible oils to biodiesel or by modifying the process of transesterification as well as the conversion of sugars to bioethanol by genetic modification of yeast cells and by changing the substrates required for ethanol production by yeast.

scholarly journals Catalytic condensation of phenol with formaldehyde into BPF on recyclable anchoring sulfuric acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Xi Cao ◽  
Huiting He ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Weijian Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Simple Filtration ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Mind

A novel solid-acid catalyst (PVC-EDA-SO4H) based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were prepared after amination of Ethylenediamine (EDA) and anchorage of sulfuric acid. The as-prepared catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, Element analysis, Chemical titration and Thermal analysis, the results indicated that the sulfuric acid was successfully anchored on PVC. The PVC-EDA-SO4H showed excellent catalytic performance for the synthesis of bisphenol F, and achieved almost high yield and selectivity (94%) of BPF under the mind reaction conditions. Meanwhile, exhibited excellent reusability without the significant loss after six cycles via simple filtration.

Role of sodium citrate in leaching of low-grade and multiphase zinc oxide ore in ammonia–ammonium sulfate solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yang ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Chao Lv ◽  
Jinhui Peng ◽  
Shiwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Solution

Influence of ammonium sulfate on YAG nanopowders and Yb:YAG ceramics synthesized by a novel homogeneous co-precipitation method

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 981-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsheng Li ◽  
Zhifa Liu ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Xiumei Han ◽  
Xiwei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Co Precipitation

scholarly journals Immobilization of Lewis acidic ionic liquid on perlite nanoparticle surfaces as a highly efficient solid acid catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of xanthene derivatives

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (35) ◽  
pp. 19940-19948 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Moradi ◽  
M. Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Xanthene Derivatives ◽  
Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquid

Perlite nanoparticles were prepared, modified with Lewis acidic ionic liquid, and used as a highly efficient catalyst for the eco-friendly, solvent free and high yield synthesis of xanthenesviaa multicomponent reaction.

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