scholarly journals Quantitative study of activated sludge population structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2130 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
R Babko ◽  
V Pliashechnyk ◽  
T Kuzmina ◽  
J Zaburko ◽  
Y Danko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Short Time

Abstract A quantitative study of the population structure of activated sludge is an important component of biological wastewater treatment control. However, in the studying of live samples of the activated sludge, some complications arise, in particular, associated with the relatively short time of the subsample suitability. A subsample is the part of the sample that is placed on a glass slide and in which organisms are counted. The issue of optimization of counts of organisms with large amplitude of population density is considered. The results of counting ciliated protozoa in activated sludge were described. The samples were counted in 45 sub-samples of 25 µl each. An average of 10 counts was required to achieve high reliability in determining population densities with more than or equal to 1 specimen per 25 µl in sub-samples. For small population densities (less one specimen per 25 µl) of free-swimming, crawling, and sessile ciliates, 30 counts are necessary. When the density of colonial protozoan populations is established, the number of counts should be increased to 40, especially when colonies with significant differences in the number of zooids are found.

scholarly journals ACTUALITY OF APPLICATION OF BIOGAS INSTALLATIONS IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Булат Зиганшин ◽  
Bulat Ziganshin ◽  
Ильназ Кашапов ◽  
Ilnaz Kashapov ◽  
Ильнур Гайфуллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
National Program ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Made In

The first scientific developments in the field of biogas technologies were made in Russia more than 70 years ago. Since the 50th years one of the main directions was the anaerobic processing of activated sludge and sediments of urban wastewater. This method attracted attention in connection with the idea of obtaining biogas mainly from the manure of farm animals. Thanks to this in the middle of 50th years a number of pilot plants for biogas production were built in Zaporozhia, Belorussian, Georgian, Moldavian branches of All-Russian Institute of Agriculture Electrification, and also in Ekaterinburg. However, the operating experience of these installations was insignificant - one - two seasons. The problem of obtaining and using biogas is given great attention abroad. In a short time, in many countries around the world a whole industry for the production of biogas has emerged. The leader in the development of biogas industry is China. Since the middle of 1970, the National Program for the production of biogas from livestock wastes has been operating in this country. Currently, there are 10 million farm bioreactors. In addition, 40 000 biogas stations, 24 000 biogas treatment plants operate in China, which provides operation of 190 power plants.

scholarly journals Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell, 6 July 1903 - 15 August 1982

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 584-621 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Protein Chemistry ◽  
Old Yellow Enzyme ◽  
Otto Warburg ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Short Time

It has often been remarked that Sweden has fostered an exceptionally high proportion of scientists of the first rank in relation to its small population. The long list of Swedish Nobel Laureates includes, as well as Hugo Theorell, both The Svedberg and Arne Tiselius, with whom Theorell worked for a short time in Uppsala in 1932 in his early studies of the molecular mass of myoglobin. Theorell himself, however, always acknowledged Otto Warburg as his principal mentor. His work on the chemical nature and constitution of the old yellow enzyme in Warburg’s laboratory in Berlin in 1933-35 opened up the whole field of oxidation-reduction enzymes that use common non-protein cofactors. It was to this field, and particularly to the chemical nature of the interactions between the enzyme proteins and their cofactors— whether flavin, haem or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide— that Theorell devoted most of his subsequent researches. With his death we have lost one of the founders of enzymology and protein chemistry.

Enhanced performance of short-time aerobic digestion for waste activated sludge under the presence of cocoamidopropyl betaine

2017 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 494-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Jiao Zhang ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Chen Zhou ◽  
YenJung Sean Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Aerobic Digestion ◽  
Short Time

Population Structure and Chemical EPS Analyses of Activated Sludge and Scum

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Müller ◽  
George Lind ◽  
Hilde Lemmer ◽  
Peter A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Activated Sludge

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PV SYSTEM AND PEDAL POWER WITH GRID

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Priyanka Verma ◽  
A.K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Design And Application

Through the photovoltaic effect the energy contained in the sunlight can be converted directly into electrical energy. This method of energy conversion presents some advantages, such as: Its modular characteristic offers large flexibility in the design and application of this kind of energy generator. Short time of installation and operation. High reliability, and low maintenance.

scholarly journals Usage of languages in Pabradė (based on public notices)

2017 ◽  
pp. 244-264
Author(s):  
Joana Gruodytė
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
The Public ◽  
Bulletin Boards ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Town ◽  
State Language

This article presents a quantitative study of public notices in Pabradė. It continues the research of the linguistic landscape of Pabradė started in 2008. The data has been collected by taking pictures of different texts in the public spaces of the area. The analysis focuses on the languages used (in their written form) in this small (population 5,542) multinational town. Pabradė is home to more than five nationalities, with Poles constituting the largest ethnic group (42.5%). In 2015, pictures of public notices on five of the town’s bulletin boards and in other places were taken three times (in January, May, and December). At first, the pictures of all notices were taken; then 400 different notices were selected. The material was classified according to the method of execution (handwritten, typewritten, handwritten/typewritten), the language of the notice, the number and sequence of the languages used (in multilingual notices). The languages were then verified for prevalence and the way such prevalence was manifested.The town’s monolingual notices are mostly written in Lithuanian, Russian, and Polish; some notices are bilingual and trilingual. A count of notices written in the languages of the ethnic groups residing in the town has shown that notices in Lithuanian prevail, whereas those in Polish constitute the smallest number. The analysis of language importance in bilingual and trilingual notices has also revealed a unique position of the Lithuanian (state) language: it is the language most frequently employed in the notices; it is used in all bilingual and trilingual notices.The studies of the texts (graffiti and notices on the bridges) photographed in 2008 and 2015 revealed very similar tendencies: texts in Lithuanian prevail, texts in Polish constitute an absolute minority, and the proportion of texts in Russian is similar (10.7% and 15.5%, respectively). The only difference was identified in the number of texts written in English. It is used more often in graffiti on bridges than in other notices in the town. Apparently, this is due to the difference in the age of their authors and potential readers of such texts; it also depends on the purpose of writing.

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