Predicting the impact of logging activities on soil erosion and water quality in steep, forested tropical islands

In 1993, a field study commenced to determine the impact of vegetative cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality at 3 open-cut coal mine sites. Runoff, sediment, and water quality were measured on 0.01-ha field plots from 3 slope gradients (10, 20, 30%), with pasture and tree treatments imposed on soil and spoil material, and 2 soil and spoil plots left bare. The greatest soil erosion occurred before pasture cover established, when a large surface area of soil (>0.5 plot area) was exposed to rainfall and overland flow. Once buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) colonised soil plots, there were negligible differences in soil erosion between slope gradients. On spoil, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) reduced in situ soluble salt content, and reduced runoff electrical conductivity to levels measured in surrounding creeks. Where spoil crusted there was poor vegetative growth and unacceptably large runoff and erosion rates throughout the study.

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The relationship between sediment and water quality, and riverine sediment loads in the wave-dominated estuaries of south-west Western Australia

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf04044 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 581 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

L. C. Radke ◽

I. P. Prosser ◽

M. Robb ◽

B. Brooke ◽

D. Fredericks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Water Column ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Weathering Index ◽

Sediment Loads ◽

The Impact ◽

Column Total

We examine surface sediment and water column total nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations for 12 estuaries with average water depths <4 m, and calculated sediment loads ranging from 0.2 to 10.8 kg m−2 year−1. Sediment total nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon concentrations vary inversely with sediment loads due to: (i) the influx of more mineral-rich sediment into the estuaries; and (ii) increasing sediment sulfidation. Sediment total organic carbon (TOC) : total sulfur (TS) and TS : Fe(II) ratios correlated to sediment loads because enhanced sedimentation increases burial, hence the importance of sulfate reduction in organic matter degradation. Curvilinear relationships were found between a weathering index and organic matter δ13C in sediment, and sediment load. The rising phase of the curve (increasing weathering, lighter isotopic values) at low to intermediate loads relates to soil erosion, whereas regolith or bedrock erosion probably explains the declining phase of the curve (decreasing weathering, heavier isotopic values) at higher sediment loads. The pattern of change for water column total nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) with sediment loads is similar to that of the weathering index. Most water quality problems occur in association with soil erosion, and at sediment loads that are intermediate for the estuaries studied. Limited evidence is presented that flushing can moderate the impact of sediment loads upon the estuaries.

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Soil erosion hazard map for river basin managers: An example for the water bodies of the Loire river basin (France)

Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie ◽

10.1127/zfg/2020/0643 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Clément Chabert ◽

Francesca Degan ◽

Sébastien Salvador-Blanes ◽

Olivier Evrard ◽

Rosalie Vandromme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

River Basin ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Rainfall Erosivity ◽

Erosion Risk ◽

Erosion Hazard ◽

Management Plans ◽

The Impact ◽

Loire River

Abstract: Soil erosion on agricultural land is associated with deleterious off-site impacts including the siltation andthe pollution of the receiving water bodies. To better manage this situation, local/regional water agencies needspatially-distributed information to compare the sensitivity to erosion of the areas draining into these water bodiesand supplying the vast majority of sediment and associated pollutants leading to this water quality impairment.These soil erosion hazard maps are now often included in the latest versions of the basin management plans thatmust be designed to meet the water quality objectives of the EU Framework Directive. However, the resolution ofthese maps is often too coarse to meet the practical needs of these agencies. Accordingly, the current research usedthe latest input databases to improve the MESALES model outputs in one of the largest French River basins (Loire,117,000 km2), with the implementation of three main modifications. First, the seasonal variations of land coverwere incorporated into the model through a revised set of expert rules based on the agricultural census data. Second,the discrimination of the soil textures was improved within the infiltration and erodibility module of the model.Third, variations in rainfall erosivity across the study area were described taking into account the latest erosivitymap available at the European scale. Then, the model results obtained with the updated model version were comparedwith those generated by the previous version. Overall, the simulated soil erosion hazard changed for 35% ofthe pixels of the Loire River basin, with a significant increase of the lowest hazard classes during all seasons exceptsummer. When aggregating the results at the scale of water bodies, the simulated erosion hazard changed for 49%of these management units. Although 28% of these water bodies were associated with a lower hazard, 23% of theriver systems were attributed a higher erosion risk. The implications of these model/map revisions for the localdecision makers were discussed, taking the strategy of concentrating the management budget on those water bodiesassociated with the highest erosion risk as an example. In the future, this model could be used to compare the soilerosion hazard in contrasted regions of Europe and to simulate the impact of management plans designed todecrease this risk to support the decisions of water agencies

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The impact of lime on water quality when draining clay soils

Ekologija ◽

10.2478/v10055-008-0005-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 22-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Valentinas Šaulys ◽

Nijolė Bastienė

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Clay Soils ◽

The Impact

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Анализ «Методики разработки нормативов допустимых сбросов веществ и микроорганизмов в водные объекты для водопользователей» в общем контексте водоохранного законодательства (в порядке обсуждения)

Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaia tehnika ◽

10.35776/mnp.2020.02.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

I. Saakian ◽

Aleksandr, Grigor’ev ◽

E. Kravets ◽

E. Rudakov ◽

A. Faddeev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Water Protection ◽

Best Available Technologies ◽

Process Indicators ◽

Water Users ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Protection Legislation ◽

The Impact

Выполнен анализ действующей редакции Методики разработки нормативов допустимых сбросов веществ и микроорганизмов в водные объекты для водопользователей , утвержденной приказом Минприроды России от 17 декабря 2007 г. 333, на предмет непротиворечивости и соответствия нормам водоохранного законодательства. Выявлена неопределенность применения Методики в условиях воздействия на качество воды природных и антропогенных факторов, не зависящих от конкретного водопользователя. Положения Методики противоречат принципам нормирования воздействия на водные объекты на основе наилучших доступных технологий, что было показано на примерах утвержденных технологических показателей содержания загрязняющих веществ в сточных водах различных отраслей промышленности. Анализ системы нормирования допустимых воздействий на водные объекты и географической дифференциации нормативов качества воды в пределах Российской Федерации вместе с системой целевых показателей качества воды также показал несоответствие Методики основным принципам водоохранного законодательства.The analysis of the current edition of the Methods of developing standards for permissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies for water users , approved by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated December 17, 2007 No. 333 for consilience and compliance with the regulations of the water protection legislation, is carried out. Uncertainty of the application of the Methods in the conditions of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors that are independent of a specific water user on the quality of water has been identified. The provisions of the Methods contradict the principles of regulating the impact on water bodies based on the best available technologies shown on the examples of approved process indicators of the concentrations of various industrial pollutants in wastewater. An analysis of the system of regulating the permissible impact on water bodies and the geographical differentiation of water quality standards within the boundaries of the Russian Federation, together with the system of water quality targets, also showed that the Methods do not comply with the basic principles of the water protection legislation.

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The Impact of the Industrial Processing of Oil on the Rainfall Water Quality

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.1.5414 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 175-179

Author(s):

Oana Roxana Chivu ◽

Augustin Semenescu ◽

Claudiu Babis ◽

Catalin Amza ◽

Gabriel Iacobescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Air Purification ◽

High Toxicity ◽

Industrial Processing ◽

Mobile Sources ◽

Specific Activities ◽

The Impact ◽

The Ideal

Rainfall is a major component of the environment and the main source of the air purification becouse of many pollutants increases who have the most varied sources: various human activities including industry and agriculture, and some household duties. Air purification by means of precipitation is achieved by numerous highly complex mechanisms. The final products of degradation of the pollutant in the air, which are generally harmless, can be reacted with each other in the presence of water, giving rise to the final compounds with a high toxicity. Thus, exhaust, mobile sources of noxious almost identical to those specific activities in the industrial processing of oil, contain lead which is the ideal catalyst for converting SO2 to sulfuric acid in the presence of rainwater, with all the disadvantages that they create. This paper will present an experimental research oabout how rainfall water quality is influenced by the activity of the industrial processing of oil, in a chemical plant in Constanta County.

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Assessing the Impact of Maneuver Training on NPS Pollution and Water Quality

10.21236/ada512795 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

James M. Steichen ◽

Stacy L. Hutchinson ◽

Naiqian Zhang ◽

J. M. Hutchinson ◽

Charles Oviatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Nps Pollution ◽

The Impact

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Considering the impact of intermittent discharges when modelling overflows

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0370 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Sarah Jubb ◽

Philip Hulme ◽

Ian Guymer ◽

John Martin

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

River Hydraulics ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

The Impact ◽

Curve Equation

This paper describes a preliminary investigation that identified factors important in the prediction of river water quality, especially regarding dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Intermittent discharges from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) within the sewerage, and overflows at water reclamation works (WRW) cause dynamic conditions with respect to both river hydraulics and water quality. The impact of such discharges has been investigated under both wet and dry weather flow conditions. Data collected from the River Maun, UK, has shown that an immediate, transient oxygen demand exists downstream of an outfall during storm conditions. The presence of a delayed oxygen demand has also been identified. With regard to modelling, initial investigations used a simplified channel and the Streeter-Phelps (1925) dissolved oxygen sag curve equation. Later, a model taking into account hydrodynamic, transport and dispersion processes was used. This suggested that processes other than water phase degradation of organic matter significantly affect the dissolved oxygen concentration downstream of the location of an intermittent discharge. It is proposed that the dynamic rate of reaeration and the sediment oxygen demand should be the focus of further investigation.

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Metal Contamination of Stream Waters under the Impact of Tanneries

Pesquisas em Geociências ◽

10.22456/1807-9806.19514 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MARIA LUCIA KOLOWSKI RODRIGUES ◽

MILTON LUIZ LAQUINTINIE FORMOSO

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Solid Material ◽

Total Variance ◽

Oxygen Conductivity ◽

Contamination Degree ◽

Iron Aluminum ◽

Relevant Variables ◽

Stream Waters ◽

The Impact

This study evaluated the contamination of water samples from Cadeia and Feitoria rivers (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil), affected by tannery activities. From July 1999 to April 2000, four sampling campaigns were performed at ten sites in order to evaluate selected metals and ancillary physicochemical variables. Sample preservation and analyses followed recommendations of the Standard Methods. Factor analysis was used to obtain statistical indexes representing the contamination degree of waters evaluated. The information was summarized in two principal components. The first, which accounted for 50% of the total variance, was associated to a tannery contribution and generated a contamination index. Total, Suspended and Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Conductivity, Chromium, Manganese, Copper, Nickel, Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium were the well-correlated variables with this first component. The water quality decreased from headwaters up to mouth along both streams, but the most contaminated sites were located at the lower reach of Feitoria river (Ivoti and Lindolfo Collor cities), where tanneries are concentrated. After the entrainment of Feitoria waters (São Sebastião do Caí municipality), Cadeia river also presented an increased contamination degree. The application of statistical randomization tests highlighted these same sites as significantly distinct from the others. Water contamination also showed association to flow variations, and a poorer water quality was observed during the dry period (January). The second component, in which Iron, Aluminum, and Suspended Solids were the relevant variables, was loaded with 15% of the total variance. It was linked to natural events, since higher factor scores in this component were obtained during a period of increased water discharge (October), which caused resuspension and entrainment of solid material to the rivers bed. As a final result of the study, sampling stations were classified according to the contamination degree, and graphically represented on a basin map, which synthesized the environmental diagnosis.

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