scholarly journals Enhance of IL-22 expression in Oral Candidiasis Immunosupressed Model with Acanthus ilicifolius Extract Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
D Andriani ◽  
A F Pargaputri
Keyword(s):  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius

scholarly journals Acanthus ilicifolius L. Treatment for Oral Candidiasis with Immunosuppressive Conditions Subjected to p38 MAPK Enhancement

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (Supp. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Dwi Andriani ◽  
Agni Febrina Pargaputri ◽  
Kristanti Parisihni ◽  
Syamsulina Revianti
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Immunohistochemical Examination ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Mapk Signalling ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
One Way Anova

Methanolic extract from the leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius L. (A. ilicifolius L.) is a potent inhibitor of Candida albicans (C. albicans) growth and anti-inflammatory. C. albicans causes oral candidiasis in immunosuppressive condition. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling via p38 appears to discriminate between yeast and hyphal cells of C. albicans. Activation of p38 MAPK by hyphae results in the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. The p38 MAPK activation is known to impair corticosteroid action. The research was conducted to investigate the effect of methanolic extract A. ilicifolius L. treatment of oral candidiasis with the immunosuppressive condition through enhancement of p38 MAPK expression in the epithelial cells. Immunosuppressed conditions were obtained when 16 healthy male Rattus norvergicus (Wistar) was given oral administration of dexamethasone and tetracycline for 14 days and induced with C. albicans (ATCC-10231) 1 McFarland. The subjects were divided into four groups (n = 4/group): immunosuppression (IS), immunosuppression with oral candidiasis without treatment (ISC), immunosuppression with oral candidiasis and nystatin treatment (ISC+N), and immunosuppression with oral candidiasis and A. ilicifolius L. treatment (ISC+AI), and were treated for 14 days. Later, the rats were euthanised, and their tongue were biopsied. The p38 MAPK expression was subjected to immunohistochemical examination, observed under a microscope (400× magnification) and statistically analysed (one-way ANOVA, LSD-test, p < 0.05). The p38 MAPK expression of ISC+AI (36.05 ± 1.54) was higher than IS (26 ± 2.32), ISC (26.4 ± 3.71), IS+N (34.2 ± 0.99). Significant differences existed between ISC+AI and ISC+N to IS and ISC (p < 0.05). No significant differences were present between IS and ISC; ISC+AI and ISC+N (p > 0.05). Therefore, this treatment could enhance p38 MAPK expression in oral candidiasis with the immunosuppressed condition.

scholarly journals The effects of Acanthus ilicifolius chloroform extract on TLR-2 expression of macrophages in oral candidiasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Dwi Andriani ◽  
Agni Febrina Pargaputri
Keyword(s):  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Immunosuppressed conditions due to long-term corticosteroid and tetracycline consumption are susceptible to fungal invasion, especially by Candida albicans (C. albicans), that requires treatment of oral candidiasis. Toll like receptor-2 (TLR-2) plays a role in candida recognition. Nystatin is regularly employed for oral candidiasis, but produces certain side-effects. Chloroform extract of Acanthus ilicifolius (A. ilicifolius) leaves represents both a potent inhibitor of C. albicans growth and an antioxidant. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effect of A. ilicifolius leaf chloroform extract and nystatin treatment on TLR-2 expression in oral candidiasis immunosupressed models. Methods: This study constitutes a true experimental investigation incorporating a post test-only control group design. 20 healthy male Rattus novergicus (Wistar), aged 12 weeks and with an average weight of 250g, were immunosuppressed through oral administration of dexamethasoneand tetracycline for a period of 21 days before being induced with C. albicans (ATCC-10231) 6 x 108 for two weeks. The subjects were divided into five groups (n=4/group): healthy (H), no-treatment(P), nystatin treatment(N), A. Ilicifollius (8%) treatment (AI-1) and A. ilicifollius (16%) treatment (AI-2). The subjects were treated for 14 days, with their tongue being subsequently biopsied. TLR-2 expression was subjected to immunohistochemical examination, observed under a microscope (400x magnification) and statistically analyzed (one-way Anova, LSD-test, p<0.05). Results: TLR-2 expression of P (6.25 ± 2.5), N (11.25 ± 0.96), AI-1 (13.00 ± 1.15), AI-2 (12.75 ± 1.7) was higher than H (1.75 ± 0.5). Significant differences existed between N to P, N, AI-1, AI-2; P to N, AI-1 and AI-2 (p<0.05). No significant differences were present between N, AI-1 and AI-2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A. ilicifolius extract can increase expression of TLR-2 in oral Candidiasis-immunosuppressed models. A. ilicifolius extract produces the same effect in increasing TLR-2 expression when compared to nystatin.

Efek Proteksi Ekstrak Etanol Stichopus hermanii Terhadap Jumlah Limfosit pada Tikus yang Terpapar Asap Rokok dan Diinduksi Candida albicans

DENTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Auliasari Yunanda ◽  
Syamsulina Revianti ◽  
Isidora Karsini
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test

<p><strong><em>Latar Belakang: </em></strong>Merokok berhubungan dengan jamur rongga mulut yang dapat mengakibatkan <em>oral candidiasis</em>. <em>Stichopus hermanii</em><em> </em>mengandung efek antioksidan, antifungi dan immunostimulator. <strong><em>Tujuan: </em></strong>Mengevaluasi efek proteksi ekstrak <em>Stichopus hermanii </em>terhadap jumlah limfosit pada tikus Wistar yang terpapar asap rokok dan diinduksi <em>C.albicans.<strong> Bahan dan Metode: </strong></em>Rancangan penelitian ini adalah <em>post test-only control group</em> <em>design</em><strong><em>. </em></strong>42 ekor tikus Wistar jantan, dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok, Kelompok1 (saline 0,1mL, udara segar, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok2 (saline 0,1mL, asap rokok, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok3 (<em>C.albicans </em>0,1mL, udara segar, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok4 (<em>C.albicans </em>0,1mL, asap rokok, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok5 (saline 0,1mL, asap rokok, ekstrak <em>Stichopus hermanii</em> 0,02mg/kgBB), Kelompok6 (<em>C.albicans</em> 0,1mL, udara segar, ekstrak <em>Stichopus hermanii </em>0,02mg/kgBB), Kelompok7 (<em>C.albicans </em>0,1 mL, asap rokok, ekstrak <em>Stichopus hermanii </em>0,02mg/kgBB). Tikus Wistar diinduksi <em>C.albicans</em> 1 minggu, terpapar asap rokok 8 minggu, dan diberi ekstrak <em>Stichopus hermanii</em> 8 minggu. Selanjutnya, tikus Wistar dikorbankan setelah 2 bulan perlakuan. Jumlah limfosit dihitung melalui metode hapusan darah dengan <em>different counting</em> dibawah mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 1000x. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji <em>Kruskal-Wallis</em> dan <em>Mann-Whitney</em>.<strong><em> Hasil:</em></strong> Kelompok yang terpapar asap rokok dan diinduksi C.albicans memiliki dapat menurunkan jumlah limfosit, kelompok suplementasi menggunakan ekstrak ethanol <em>Stichopus hermanii</em> dapat meningkatkan jumlah limfosit<em>. </em><strong><em>S</em></strong><strong><em>impulan:</em></strong><strong> </strong>Suplementasi ekstrak <em>Stichopus hermanii</em> memiliki efek protektif untuk memicu proliferasi limfosit pada tikus Wistar setelah paparan asap rokok dan induksi <em>C.albicans</em>.</p>

Opportunistic infections among people living with HIV at reference health care centers in Morocco, 2015 (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddine Sakhri ◽  
Fatima Zahra Meski ◽  
SOUMIA TRIKI
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Centers

BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality in HIV disease is due to immune-suppression leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections (OIs) during the natural course of the disease. In 2015, the HIV prevalence is low in general population and concentrated among key populations. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and CD4 correlates of OIs among adult HIV-infected patients attending antiretroviral health care in Morocco, during 2015. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey among all adult PLHIV for admitted in the health care centers during 2015, who had acquired infection disease. Patients’ opportunistic infection status was determined through clinical diagnosis and laboratory investigations. CD4 count was determined using flow cytometry technique. The clinical stage of HIV was identified by the classification of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We collected Socio-demographic and clinical data from patients’ medical records. We performed statistical analysis by using Epi-Info 7.2.0.1 software. The appropriate test was applied, bivariate analysis was made and the differences were significant when p<.05. RESULTS 299 HIV-infected cases were included; 53% were males. The most represented age group was 25-34 years (36.1%). The mean age of the cases was 38.7 ± 16.8. The prevalence of OIs was 47.8%. Tuberculosis (65/299, 21.7%), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (40/299, 13.4%) and Oral candidiasis (22/299, 7.4%) were the most frequently observed OIs. CONCLUSIONS Tuberculosis, pneumocystis and oral candidacies were the leading OIs, encountered by HIV-infected cases. Preventive measures and early diagnosis of HIV associated to OIs are crucial.

scholarly journals Novel Aggregation Properties of Candida albicans Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase Sap6 Mediate Virulence in Oral Candidiasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 2614-2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohitashw Kumar ◽  
Darpan Saraswat ◽  
Swetha Tati ◽  
Mira Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Proteinase Activity ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oral Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Epithelial ◽  
Cell Cell

Candida albicans, a commensal fungus of the oral microbiome, causes oral candidiasis in humans with localized or systemic immune deficiencies. Secreted aspartic proteinases (Saps) are a family of 10 related proteases and are virulence factors due to their proteolytic activity, as well as their roles in adherence and colonization of host tissues. We found that mice infected sublingually withC. albicanscells overexpressing Sap6 (SAP6OE and a Δsap8strain) had thicker fungal plaques and more severe oral infection, while infection with the Δsap6strain was attenuated. These hypervirulent strains had highly aggregative colony structurein vitroand higher secreted proteinase activity; however, the levels of proteinase activity ofC. albicansSaps did not uniformly match their abilities to damage cultured oral epithelial cells (SCC-15 cells). Hyphal induction in cells overexpressing Sap6 (SAP6OE and Δsap8cells) resulted in formation of large cell-cell aggregates. These aggregates could be produced in germinated wild-type cells by addition of native or heat-inactivated Sap6. Sap6 bound only to germinated cells and increasedC. albicansadhesion to oral epithelial cells. The adhesion properties of Sap6 were lost upon deletion of its integrin-binding motif (RGD) and could be inhibited by addition of RGD peptide or anti-integrin antibodies. Thus, Sap6 (but not Sap5) has an alternative novel function in cell-cell aggregation, independent of its proteinase activity, to promote infection and virulence in oral candidiasis.

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