Rare species of natural steppe flora – on prospects for their conservation in Samara region in situ and ex situ

Genetic diversity is a critical resource for species’ survival during times of environmental change. Conserving and sustainably managing genetic diversity requires understanding the distribution and amount of genetic diversity (in situ and ex situ) across multiple species. This paper focuses on three emblematic and IUCN Red List threatened oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae), a highly speciose tree genus that contains numerous rare species and poses challenges for ex situ conservation. We compare the genetic diversity of three rare oak species—Quercus georgiana, Q. oglethorpensis, and Q. boyntonii—to common oaks; investigate the correlation of range size, population size, and the abiotic environment with genetic diversity within and among populations in situ; and test how well genetic diversity preserved in botanic gardens correlates with geographic range size. Our main findings are: (1) these three rare species generally have lower genetic diversity than more abundant oaks; (2) in some cases, small population size and geographic range correlate with genetic diversity and differentiation; and (3) genetic diversity currently protected in botanic gardens is inadequately predicted by geographic range size and number of samples preserved, suggesting non-random sampling of populations for conservation collections. Our results highlight that most populations of these three rare oaks have managed to avoid severe genetic erosion, but their small size will likely necessitate genetic management going forward.

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The aspects of reproduction of Clathrus archeri (Berk.) Dring by re-situ method in the National Nature Park Hutsulshchyna

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.2478/frp-2018-0028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 281-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariia Pasaylyuk ◽

Yurii Petrichuk ◽

Nadiia Tsvyd ◽

Maryna Sukhomlyn

Keyword(s):

Rare Species ◽

New Method ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Red Data Book ◽

Vital Functions ◽

Biodiversity Preservation ◽

Nature Park ◽

Data Book

Abstract The biodiversity preservation is one of the main missions on present days. Two main trends of biodiversity conservation in-situ and ex-situ are known today. However, use of both these methods is not enough for the protection of rare species of macromycetes. Therefore, we need a new method for protecting the rare species of fungi, which support their vital process in not only the laboratory but also reproducing it in nature. In this article, we propose the use of a new method of preserving the rare species of fungi in nature. The re-situ is a method that provides introducing and support of vital functions of mushroom in nature with the forming of their basidioma. For our research, we used Clathrus archeri (Berk.) Dring, which is included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. It was found that the substrate on which the mycelium was grown and subsequently used for natural conditions had a significant influence on the success of‘reinoculation’ of C. archeri. Among all the investigated substrates, only one (beech shavings) proved to be suitable for growing of sowing mycelium of C. archeri. The research showed that the reproduction of C. archeri in nature should be held on non-forest experimental sites, mainly on meadows during the spring months.

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Caryological and physiological characteristics of rare species Potentilla porphyrantha Juz. (Rosaceae) in Armenia

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20202400030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 00030

Author(s):

Karine Janjughazyan

Keyword(s):

Rare Species ◽

Water Regime ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Included Study ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Physiological Investigation ◽

In Situ Conditions ◽

Viable Seeds

Caryological and physiological features of rare species Potentilla porphyrantha Juz. were investigated. It was shown that this species is diploid with 2n = 14 (x = 7). Physiological investigation included study of water regime, intensity of transpiration and photosynthesis. It was shown, that this species growing in-situ conditions on Amulsar Mountain (2900 m a.s.l.) now is very good adapted to ex-situ conditions in the Sevan botanical garden (1900 m a.s.l.). It grows very well, bloom and produce viable seeds, and in the future could be reintroduced into nature.

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An in situ and ex situ TEM study of the formation of thin cobalt silicide films by molecular beam epitaxy on the silicon (100) surface

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010010648x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 884-885

Author(s):

D. Loretto ◽

J. M. Gibson ◽

S. M. Yalisove ◽

R. T. Tung

Keyword(s):

Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽

Molecular Beam ◽

Defect Density ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Ultra High Vacuum ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Metal Base ◽

In Situ Experiments ◽

Potential Applications

The cobalt disilicide/silicon system has potential applications as a metal-base and as a permeable-base transistor. Although thin, low defect density, films of CoSi2 on Si(111) have been successfully grown, there are reasons to believe that Si(100)/CoSi2 may be better suited to the transmission of electrons at the silicon/silicide interface than Si(111)/CoSi2. A TEM study of the formation of CoSi2 on Si(100) is therefore being conducted. We have previously reported TEM observations on Si(111)/CoSi2 grown both in situ, in an ultra high vacuum (UHV) TEM and ex situ, in a conventional Molecular Beam Epitaxy system.The procedures used for the MBE growth have been described elsewhere. In situ experiments were performed in a JEOL 200CX electron microscope, extensively modified to give a vacuum of better than 10-9 T in the specimen region and the capacity to do in situ sample heating and deposition. Cobalt was deposited onto clean Si(100) samples by thermal evaporation from cobalt-coated Ta filaments.

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The use of transmission and analytical electron microscopy in studying reactions and phase transformations in thin film

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100150046 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 842-843

Author(s):

K. Barmak

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Thin Films ◽

Phase Transformations ◽

Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Multilayer Thin Films ◽

Absolute Concentration ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

Deposition Step

Generally, processing of thin films involves several annealing steps in addition to the deposition step. During the annealing steps, diffusion, transformations and reactions take place. In this paper, examples of the use of TEM and AEM for ex situ and in situ studies of reactions and phase transformations in thin films will be presented.The ex situ studies were carried out on Nb/Al multilayer thin films annealed to different stages of reaction. Figure 1 shows a multilayer with dNb = 383 and dAl = 117 nm annealed at 750°C for 4 hours. As can be seen in the micrograph, there are four phases, Nb/Nb3-xAl/Nb2-xAl/NbAl3, present in the film at this stage of the reaction. The composition of each of the four regions marked 1-4 was obtained by EDX analysis. The absolute concentration in each region could not be determined due to the lack of thickness and geometry parameters that were required to make the necessary absorption and fluorescence corrections.

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Transmission Electron Microscopy of Epitaxial silicides grown by ultra high vacuum deposition

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100154287 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 462-463

Author(s):

D. Loretto ◽

J. M. Gibson ◽

S. M. Yalisove

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

High Vacuum ◽

High Energy ◽

Energy Electron ◽

Ultra High Vacuum ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Transmission Electron

The silicides CoSi2 and NiSi2 are both metallic with the fee flourite structure and lattice constants which are close to silicon (1.2% and 0.6% smaller at room temperature respectively) Consequently epitaxial cobalt and nickel disilicide can be grown on silicon. If these layers are formed by ultra high vacuum (UHV) deposition (also known as molecular beam epitaxy or MBE) their thickness can be controlled to within a few monolayers. Such ultrathin metal/silicon systems have many potential applications: for example electronic devices based on ballistic transport. They also provide a model system to study the properties of heterointerfaces. In this work we will discuss results obtained using in situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM).In situ TEM is suited to the study of MBE growth for several reasons. It offers high spatial resolution and the ability to penetrate many monolayers of material. This is in contrast to the techniques which are usually employed for in situ measurements in MBE, for example low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), which are both sensitive to only a few monolayers at the surface.

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CONSERVATION OF RARE SPECIES PLANTS AND LICHENS IN SITU WITH PLANNED ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES: BASIC APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION PRINCIPLES

Engineering survey ◽

10.25296/1997-8650-2018-12-7-8-38-45 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (7-8) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

A. N. EFREMOV ◽

N. V. PLIKINA ◽

T. ABELI

Keyword(s):

Rare Species ◽

Technology Implementation ◽

Technology Development ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Local Population ◽

Main Stage ◽

Social Risks

Rare species are most vulnerable to man-made impacts, due to their biological characteristics or natural resource management. As a rule, the economic impact is associated with the destruction and damage of individual organisms, the destruction or alienation of habitats. Unfortunately, the conservation of habitat integrity is an important protection strategy, which is not always achievable in the implementation of industrial and infrastructural projects. The aim of the publication is to summarize the experience in the field of protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ), to evaluate and analyze the possibility of using existing methods in design and survey activities. In this regard, the main methodological approaches to the protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ) during the proposed economic activity were reflected. The algorithm suggested by the authors for implementing the in situ project should include a preparatory stage (initial data collection, preliminary risk assessments, technology development, obtaining permitting documentation), the main stage, the content of which is determined by the selected technology and a long monitoring stage, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the taken measures. Among the main risks of in situ technology implementation, the following can be noted: the limited resources of the population that do not allow for the implementation of the procedure without prior reproduction of individuals in situ (in vitro); limited knowledge of the biology of the species; the possibility of invasion; the possibility of crossing for closely related species that сo-exist in the same habitat; social risks and consequences, target species or population may be important for the local population; financial risks during the recovery of the population. The available experience makes it possible to consider the approach to the conservation of rare species in situ as the best available technology that contributes to reducing negative environmental risks.

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Atomic Layer Deposition of LiF and Lithium Ion Conducting (AlF3)(LiF)x Alloys Using Trimethylaluminum, Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide and Hydrogen Fluoride

10.26434/chemrxiv.5459653 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Younghee Lee ◽

Daniela M. Piper ◽

Andrew S. Cavanagh ◽

Matthias J. Young ◽

Se-Hee Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion ◽

Atomic Layer ◽

Mass Gain ◽

Alloy Film ◽

Ex Situ ◽

X Ray ◽

Layer Deposition ◽

Ion Conducting ◽

Good Agreement

<div>Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of LiF and lithium ion conducting (AlF3)(LiF)x alloys was developed using trimethylaluminum, lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) and hydrogen fluoride derived from HF-pyridine solution. ALD of LiF was studied using in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and in situ quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) at reaction temperatures between 125°C and 250°C. A mass gain per cycle of 12 ng/(cm2 cycle) was obtained from QCM measurements at 150°C and decreased at higher temperatures. QMS detected FSi(CH3)3 as a reaction byproduct instead of HMDS at 150°C. LiF ALD showed self-limiting behavior. Ex situ measurements using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) showed a growth rate of 0.5-0.6 Å/cycle, in good agreement with the in situ QCM measurements.</div><div>ALD of lithium ion conducting (AlF3)(LiF)x alloys was also demonstrated using in situ QCM and in situ QMS at reaction temperatures at 150°C A mass gain per sequence of 22 ng/(cm2 cycle) was obtained from QCM measurements at 150°C. Ex situ measurements using XRR and SE showed a linear growth rate of 0.9 Å/sequence, in good agreement with the in situ QCM measurements. Stoichiometry between AlF3 and LiF by QCM experiment was calculated to 1:2.8. XPS showed LiF film consist of lithium and fluorine. XPS also showed (AlF3)(LiF)x alloy consists of aluminum, lithium and fluorine. Carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen impurities were both below the detection limit of XPS. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) observed that LiF and (AlF3)(LiF)x alloy film have crystalline structures. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ionic chromatography revealed atomic ratio of Li:F=1:1.1 and Al:Li:F=1:2.7: 5.4 for (AlF3)(LiF)x alloy film. These atomic ratios were consistent with the calculation from QCM experiments. Finally, lithium ion conductivity (AlF3)(LiF)x alloy film was measured as σ = 7.5 × 10-6 S/cm.</div>

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A New Method of Wafer Level Plan View TEM Sample Preparation by DualBeam

ISTFA 2008: Conference Proceedings from the 34th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2008p0168 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Hyoung H. Kang ◽

Michael A. Gribelyuk ◽

Oliver D. Patterson ◽

Steven B. Herschbein ◽

Corey Senowitz

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Wafer Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Plan View ◽

Manufacturing Line ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Thin Lamella ◽

Preparation Techniques

Abstract Cross-sectional style transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation techniques by DualBeam (SEM/FIB) systems are widely used in both laboratory and manufacturing lines with either in-situ or ex-situ lift out methods. By contrast, however, the plan view TEM sample has only been prepared in the laboratory environment, and only after breaking the wafer. This paper introduces a novel methodology for in-line, plan view TEM sample preparation at the 300mm wafer level that does not require breaking the wafer. It also presents the benefit of the technique on electrically short defects. The methodology of thin lamella TEM sample preparation for plan view work in two different tool configurations is also presented. The detailed procedure of thin lamella sample preparation is also described. In-line, full wafer plan view (S)TEM provides a quick turn around solution for defect analysis in the manufacturing line.

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PROPUESTA DE CONSERVACIÓN DE TRES ESPECIES MEXICANAS DE PICEA EN PELIGRO DE EXTINCIÓN

Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana ◽

10.35196/rfm.2015.3.235 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 235 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eduardo Mendoza-Maya ◽

Judith Espino-Espino ◽

Carmen Z. Quiñones-Pérez ◽

Celestino Flores-López ◽

Christian Wehenkel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ

Picea mexicana Martínez, P. chihuahuana Martínez y P. martinezii Patterson son especies endémicas de México en peligro de extinción. Se presenta una síntesis de su situación actual y una propuesta de manejo para su conservación in situ y ex situ, con base en la diversidad y estructura genética de las poblaciones y la ubicación de las áreas en donde se predice existirá el hábitat climático que les es propicio en el futuro (años 2030, 2060 y 2090; al promediar los modelos Canadiense, Hadley y Geofísica de Fluidos con escenarios de emisiones A y B). Para la conservación in situ se plantea la protección, el incremento de la diversidad genética y la expansión de las tres únicas poblaciones de P. mexicana, las cuatro únicas de P. martinezii y ocho poblaciones designadas prioritarias de las 40 poblaciones de P. chihuahuana, mediante la plantación de individuos originados de otras poblaciones hasta alcanzar un tamaño mínimo de población genéticamente viable (entre 1035 a 3836 individuos). Para la conservación ex situ se propone el establecimiento de poblaciones en sitios fuera del rango de distribución natural de las especies, en donde se ha proyectado que ocurrirá el clima que les es propicio, con al menos 3606 individuos de P. mexicana en el volcán Cofre de Perote, Veracruz; 2431 individuos de P. chihuahuana en el municipio de Guanaceví, Durango; y 3092 individuos de P. martinezii en la región de Tlatlauquitepec, Puebla, con plantas originadas de una mezcla de semillas colectadas de árboles al azar de poblaciones específicas.

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