scholarly journals Resource-saving elements in onions growing technology on Nizhjeje Povolzhje region irrigated lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
N I Matveeva ◽  
V P Zvolinsky ◽  
N Yu Petrov ◽  
V A Zaitsev

Abstract The aim of this work was to prove many years research (at least two rotations) devoted to the problems of onion growing for industrial purposes on Nizhneje Povolzhje irrigated land. For these purposes, we have selected two farms with typical characteristics and production conditions in Astrakhan and Volgograd regions. During the period of the first rotation (2011-2015), we conducted competitive tests for the number of onion varieties and hybrids introduction and adaptation, as the result of which the zoned variety Volgodonets was selected for the second rotation (2016-2020) as a control and two regionalized hybrids of foreign selection Pandero F1 and Benefit F1. These samples were sown in the selected experimental plots as part of five-field vegetable-grain crop rotations in both farms. As the result, over five years of observations, the Benefit F1 hybrid showed the highest yield of 150.16 t/ha, Pandero F1 - 139.58 t/ha, and the Volgodonets variety - only 69.35 t/ha in Astrakhan region and 129.57 t/ha; 103.10 t/ha; 74.00 t/ha, respectively, in Volgograd region. The highest profitability indicator was provided by the Benefit F1 hybrid, which amounted to 87.94%.

Author(s):  
Andris Lejiņš ◽  
Biruta Lejiņa

Buckwheat research has been carried out within the long-term crop rotation stationary that was established in 1969 as a part of the Research institute of Agriculture. Buckwheat proportion within the partcular crop rotations went up to 22%. The highest buckwheat yields were obtained from the buckwheat variants that where cultivated after winter rye, and within the buckwheat monoculture experimental plots. A considerable yield decrease was observed when cultivating buckwheat after potatoes. Weeds in the buckwheat sowing were effectively brought under control by the herbicide Butisane 400 (1.5 l ha-1), applied immediately after sowing and Betanal AM 2.5 l ha-1 after seedling in 2-3 leaves stage.


2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 102709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Wieme ◽  
Lynne A. Carpenter-Boggs ◽  
David W. Crowder ◽  
Kevin M. Murphy ◽  
John P. Reganold

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Badri Ahalaya ◽  
Yuriy Shogenov ◽  
Anzor Shogenov ◽  
Andrey Zolotarev

A new design of a pneumatic sowing device operating at an excess pressure of the air flow is proposed, which allows sowing the seeds of two different crops simultaneously in one row in a combined way, placing them at equal intervals in a row and at different depths, as well as sowing in a dotted way. The new sowing disc of a dosing device is made in the form of a plate and is equipped with two rings rigidly fixed on it with the possibility of removal. The optimum thickness of the disc is 3...4 mm, the width of the ring is 11...12 mm. These parameters are established based on the size of the seeds of the sown crops, affecting the parameters of the conical cells of the rings. The manufacture of a metering disc from a polymeric material reduces the consumption of metal on the metering apparatus as a whole and reduces its mass. The use of a new resource-saving metering device allows high-quality sowing of seeds of two row crops in one area at no additional cost, while minimizing damage to seeds to a minimum. The developed pneumatic metering device with a universal dosing device has a simpler design adapted to production conditions and is convenient in operation


2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
I B Borisenko ◽  
M V Meznikova

Abstract The article highlights the results of research in strip farming. The method of minimum soil tillage, a resource-saving working body ROPA and a soil tillage tool for strip ripping OMPO-5.6, which are designed to perform fine soil tillage with strip deepening, are proposed. Adjustment of loosening depth from bit is achieved within the range of 0.25-0.4 m and is selected taking into account the crop grown in the farm. Availability of undercutter tine allows to regulate parameters of continuous ripping zone. Parameters of treated and untreated strips are regulated by location of undercutter paw. The design of the tool provides a smooth adjustment mechanism by which the width of the cultivated strip can be changed within 0.25-0.35 m. This makes it possible to use the implement for different tilled crops. The technological process carried out by this working body helps to reduce the wounding effect on the soil through a simple technical solution. Installation of side undercutting discs allows cultivating the soil within a given strip, and the process of cutting the soil in a blocked environment improves the quality of treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
I B Borisenko ◽  
M V Meznikova ◽  
E I Ulybina

Abstract To preserve and restore disturbed lands and reduce the damaging impact on air, plants and soil, it is necessary to apply resource-saving technologies. Strip-till technology is recommended for tilled crops. The technical solution is offered to increase the efficiency of the working solution use due to the rational distribution on the objects of influence and increase of its uniformity. That is, it is possible to reduce the hectare rate of consumption of the working solution by using the method of strip chemical treatment of plants. This is achieved by the redistribution of the working solution between the row and the row with the cultivated plant. The technical solution is to equip the serial sprayer with two lines with spray nozzles and special separator bodies. After a quick changeover in the field without the use of special tools, it is possible to switch from continuous spraying to strip spraying and back. At switching over to strip spraying, the spray solution is sprayed strictly along the strips of cultivated plant growth and covers the whole surface of stem and leaves. This allows reducing the cost of liquid chemicalization agents application and accurately redistributing the working solution.


Author(s):  
Ю.В. Суркова ◽  
С.Д. Гилев ◽  
И.Н. Цымбаленко ◽  
А.Н. Копылов

Представлены результаты исследований, проведённых в 2012–2020 годах в Курганском научно-исследовательском институте сельского хозяйства – филиале ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН в лаборатории земледелия. В севооборотах, заложенных в конце 60-х годов прошлого столетия в центральной лесостепной зоне Зауралья, в последние годы произошли значительные изменения: усовершенствованы технологические приёмы, произведена диверсификация культур, осуществлён переход на две системы обработки почвы (отвальную и минимальную), уточнены дозы применяемых минеральных удобрений. На стационарной основе осуществляется постоянный мониторинг биоценоза почвы и её плодородия. В задачу настоящих исследований входила комплексная оценка приёмов интенсификации в трёх зернопаровых и зерновом севооборотах. Предшественники, способы основной обработки почвы в комплексе с удобрениями и другими элементами агротехнологии оказали существенное влияние на урожайность яровой пшеницы, определяя тем самым продуктивность и эффективность севооборотов в целом. В процессе исследований установлена ведущая роль диверсификации, обеспечивающей формирование структуры посевных площадей, позволяющей производить не только зерно яровой пшеницы, но и растениеводческую продукцию, востребованную рынком в большей степени, чем зерно пшеницы. Введение в зернопаровые севообороты сои и рапса обеспечило увеличение продуктивности и высокую экономическую эффективность. Севооборот с соей по продуктивности превзошёл традиционный зернопаровой, особенно по экономическим показателям. Рентабельность производства продукции при минимизации почвообработки, с применением средств интенсификации в севообороте с соей составила 105%, с рапсом — 93% против 49% в зернопаровом пшеничном севообороте. Разработки актуальны, пользуются особым интересом у сельхозтоваропроизводителей. The investigation was carried out at the Laboratory of Arable Farming of the Kurgan Agricultural Research Institute in 2012–2020. Crop rotations started in late 60th in the central forest-steppe of Trans-Urals significantly changed. Some techniques were modified; the number of crops used grew. Fertilization rates were optimized and only two tillage practices are used now (moldboard plowing and minimum tillage). Soil biotic communities and fertility are constantly monitored. This experiment was aimed to evaluate cultivation methods based on three grain crop-fallow or grain crop rotations. Forecrops, tillage, fertilization and other techniques significantly increased spring wheat productivity and therefore, the effectiveness of the crop rotation in general. Diversification was of great value enabling production both wheat grain and plant mass. The latter is more required on the market than the former. Introduction of soybean and rapeseed into the grain crop-fallow rotation resulted in higher yield and economical effectiveness. Soybean rotation exceeded the productivity of the conventional one particularly in cost efficiency. Paybacks after soybean and rapeseed cultivation amounted to 105 and 93%, respectively, versus 49% obtained from the grain crop-fallow rotation under minimum tillage. The optimized practices are of high interest for farmers.


Author(s):  
H MEISS ◽  
S MÉDIÈNE ◽  
R WALDHARDT ◽  
J CANEILL ◽  
V BRETAGNOLLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Рафил Шакиров ◽  
Rafil Shakirov ◽  
Закиржан Бикмухаметов ◽  
Zakirzhan Bikmuhametov ◽  
Фидаил Хисамиев ◽  
...  

Complex studies were conducted in eight-field grain-steam-crop and grain-steam-tilled crop rotations using the following terms: fertilizer systems, plant protection, basic tillage methods and plastic varieties. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the forest-steppe of the Volga region, on a systemic basis, resource-saving technologies have been developed on the basis of fertile crop rotations in an ecologically balanced, biologized farming system. Agroecological principles of conservation and reproduction of gray forest soil fertility and obtaining a planned harvest of high quality. Experimental substantiation of the role of action and interaction of the main factors of saving technology, in increasing crop productivity of crop rotations, productivity of arable land and soil fertility. Agroeconomic evaluation of the resource-saving technology effectiveness. Crop rotations of leguminous crops and perennial legumes increase the productivity of arable land to 15-20%, provide a positive balance of humus (0.45-0.5 tons per hectare). Organomineralic fertilizer system reduces the need for mineral fertilizers by 2-3 times, ensures the receipt of planned high quality harvest and reproduction of soil fertility. The integrated plant protection system, using biological means and methods, provides a saving of plant protection products to 30-35%, raises productivity to 15-25%. Moisture-resource-saving mode of soil cultivation (mulching various deep loosening without turnover of beds) allows to save 25-35% of fuel and reduce the moisture loss to 35-40%. Complex application of these factors with the use of high-yielding plastic varieties makes resource-saving technology that increases the productivity of cultivated crops and the productivity of arable land by 1.5-2 times, the profitability of production by 30-50% and ensuring the reproduction of soil fertility.


2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
N I Matveeva ◽  
V P Zvolinsky ◽  
N Yu Petrov ◽  
V A Zaitsev

Abstract Abstracts. The years of experiment were from 2016…2020 in a farm on the Ergenin Upland chestnut soils in Volgograd region. The experiments were placed in five fields of vegetable crop rotation with the total area of 165 ha. During the presented period, a competitive test was carried out to identify the most productive samples of onions. The objects of the study were samples -the zoned variety Volgodonets (control variety) of domestic selection, hybrids of foreign selection Pandero F1, Benefit F1, Valero F1, Manas F1. It was found that hybrids give more than twice the yield over the control variety in almost all the variants. But the most optimal and more productive in all cases proved to be option No. 2 hybrid Benefit F1 with the parameters: the seeding rate of 1,000,000 pcs of seeds per hectare with viability of 97.31%, which provided for harvesting 973,100 plants per hectare and achieved a yield of 143.41 t/ha on average for repetitions in 2020. Thus, we can conclude that the seeding rate is 1,000,000 pcs of seeds per hectare in the conditions of chestnut soils of the Ergenin Upland is optimal in the conditions of the existing agricultural technology.


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