scholarly journals Treatments influence on soil water-physical indicators in Nizhneje Povolzhje dry-steppe zone conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
E V Seminchenko ◽  
M M Okonov ◽  
I V Kirichkova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Rotation Factor ◽  
And Control ◽  
Direct Sowing

Abstract The experiment is carried out in the conditions of semi-desert flat agricultural landscapes of light chestnut soils. The object of research is a 4-field crop rotation (factor A), variants of the main tillage (factor B) and crops superimposed on the tillage options with the Don-114 seeder (a seeder for direct sowing). The placement of options (A) is sequential and options (B) are arranged in blocks in three tiers. The main soil tillage was carried out by the following tools: mouldboard tillage to the depth of 25-27 cm by plough PN-4-35; non-mouldboard tillage to the depth of 25-27 cm by the tool OCHO-5-40 with the rack “Rancho”; surface one to the depth of 8-10 cm by the tool BDM-4.2, and 4-field grain-fallow crop It was found that a higher content of nutrients is in fallow preferably at non-mouldboard soil treatment, in some years, which has an optimal moisture supply, and control (mouldboard) one in comparison with lower levels of surface soil treatment in all years of the research. The main comparison in the change in nutrients in fallow fields is observed precisely for different methods of soil cultivation.

scholarly journals Mapping dynamics of agricultural land use in the dry steppe zone of the Northern Кazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vorobyova ◽  
Yelaman Smagulov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe

The agricultural use of land resources in the dry steppe regions of Northern Kazakhstan has undergone significant changes over the past century and continues to change at the present time. The middle position in the region is occupied by the Akmola region, one of the leading agricultural regions, where 9.3 % of the country’s gross agricultural output is produced. The main branches of agriculture in the region are grain farming and dairy and beef cattle breeding. The study of the change in the ratio of the areas of arable and pasture lands, the changes that have occurred in the state of agricultural landscapes as a result of long-term use is important for the further development of the agricultural industry in the region. Using the example of the Astrakhan district of the Akmola region, typical for the dry steppe zone, an analysis of changes in the structure of agricultural land from 1953 to 2020 was carried out. with the help of a series of digital maps compiled from detailed maps of scientific reference atlases of Northern Kazakhstan in 1964, 1970, remote sensing data of different times, archival materials and data of modern statistics. The resulting maps visualize significant changes in cropland areas within the study area over the past 70 years. Seven main periods were identified, during which the most significant changes in the structure of land use occurred as a result of political, economic and natural factors. During the years of development of virgin and fallow lands, the highest rates of increase in arable land were observed, which continued on a smaller scale until 1990. The period from 1991-1999 characterized by a large-scale reduction of arable land and abandonment of pastures. This was followed by two periods of gradual restoration of the use of arable and rangelands. Compiled comprehensive map of the dynamics of agricultural land use from 1988 to 2020 made it possible to identify spatial and temporal patterns in changes in the structure of agricultural land use, to determine to which specific natural types of lands the abandoned lands belonged and to which restored ones. Spatial analysis showed that over the past 30, more than half of the area’s area has not changed the type of land use. The results obtained are used to select the optimal ratio of arable and pasture lands in the structure of agricultural land use, as well as to develop a strategy for the rational use of agricultural land in the zone of risky farming.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF CHANGES IN THE NUMBER AND DENSITY OF RODENTS IN MOSAIC AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF NORTH-WESTERN BLACK SEA IN 1961-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
S. Sushko ◽  
I. Nakonachnuj
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Anthropogenic Development ◽  
North Western

Reflects the results of the stages of the study of bioclimatic and landscape-nanotechnik characteristics of the steppe zone of the North-Western part of the black sea region, as the formation of mosaic agrozootehnice mixed natural agroinnova Genesis. It is recommended to differentiate the dry steppe pjone only the territory South of the interfluve of the Dniester-Dnieper. A retrospective analysis allowed to argue that a significant amount of anthropogenic development in the process of transformation of the steppes into agricultural lands, stimulated a radical break with zonal ecosystems. This transformation of biocenosis occurred against the background of climate aridization and under the influence of anthropogenic actions. A structured approach to analytical generalization allowed to update selected issues and became the basis for the study. The obtained results allowed axiomatic to say about the deterioration of the conditions of existence for the available biotic complex, and also significantly affects the seasonal conditions of existence of rodents in the field of agricultural landscapes, directly and indirectly limiting their population status.

Change of the redox potential in the profile of light grey forest surface-gleyed soil under different anthropogenic

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
O.S. Gavrishko ◽  
Yu.M. Olifir ◽  
T.V. Partyka
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gleyed Soil ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Given

The results of studies of the change in redox potential in the profile of light gray forest surface-gleyed soil on variants with long-term agricultural use without applying fertilizers and mineral fertilizer system solely compared with the soil under the forest are presented. On the basis of the conducted analyzes it was established, that soil tillage without fertilizer application and with mineral fertilizer solely has a different effect on ROP in the profile. In the soil without fertilization (control) as compared to the forest a moderate oxidizing (514 mV) and slightly oxidizing (437 mV) processes are happening. Prolonged application of mineral fertilizers to the soil (N65R68K68) significantly reduced the redox potential of all genetic horizons compared with forest and control without fertilizers. For the given fertilizer system the highest values of ROP were obtained in arable HEgl and underarable HEgl layers: 426 mV and 416 mV respectively. Redox potential sharply decreases with the depth to 398-311 mV, which characterizes processes occurring in the soil profile, as weakly reducing and close to moderately reducing.

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

Heavy metals accumulation in plants of the dry-steppe zone of the East Kazakhstan region

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1187-1191
Author(s):  
L.R. Sassykova ◽  
Y.A. Aubakirov ◽  
M. Sh. Akhmetkaliyeva ◽  
A.R. Sassykova ◽  
S. Sendilvelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Metals Accumulation

Population density and total biomass of microbial communities in chestnut soils and solonetzes of the dry steppe zone in the Lower Volga region

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Kashirskaya ◽  
T. E. Khomutova ◽  
E. V. Chernysheva ◽  
M. V. El’tsov ◽  
V. A. Demkin
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Dry Steppe

Influence of different factors on the growth rate of young animals and the quality of beef

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
V. N. Pristupa ◽  
D. S. Torosyan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Meat Productivity

The purpose of the work was to study and identify the main factors aff ecting the quantity and quality of beef produced and sold in the Southern Federal district. A comparative assessment of the growth, development, formation of meat productivity and quality of beef of young animals of beef, dual and dairy breeds with stall-pasture technology and intensive rearing in the industrial complex. Experimental studies have been carried out in farms in the Rostov region. The object of research was cows with calves of Kalmyk, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus, Russian komolaya, Kazakh White-headed breeds, as well as young animals of the same breeds, in addition, Black-and-White and Swiss breeds. Removable live weight in Hereford steers at 18 months of age was 658,0 kg, and Aberdeen-Angus – 655,2 kg. Domestic steers of Kalmyk were 41–44 kg lower in live weight than their herdmates of two imported breeds. However, with intensive rearing at 18 months of age, steers of Kalmyk breed had a removable live weight of more than 613,7 kg and a carcass weight of 326 kg. The yield of hot carcass was 55,4 %, and the slaughter yield was 58,89 %, which was only 1–2 % lower than the world’s leading beef breeds. It has been found when analyzing the results of boning the half-carcasses of experimental steers that the biggest weight of half-carcasses and the content of muscle and fat tissue in them in absolute terms were in Hereford steers. Steers of Kalmyk breed took the third place in terms of weight of large-sized semi–fi nished products and signifi cantly lost to Aberdeen-Angus herdmates by 7,3 kg or 6,5 %, and Hereford steers by 9,2 kg or 8,3 %. The results obtained prove the expediency of using stallpasture technology in the dry-steppe zone of the Southern Federal district when rearing young animals for beef up to 350–400 kg live weight at 15 months of age and its subsequent intensive rearing under industrial technology, in order to obtain the live weight of more than 570 kg and produce cost-eff ective beef.

scholarly journals Effects of Surface Soil Removal on Dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen in a Snow-Dominated Forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ozawa ◽  
H. Shibata ◽  
F. Satoh ◽  
K. Sasa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Removal ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
And Control ◽  
Treated Site

To clarify the effect of vegetation and surface soil removal on dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) dynamics in a snow-dominated forest soil in northern Japan, the seasonal fluctuation of N concentrations in soil solution and the annual flux of N in soil were investigated at a treated site (in which surface soil, including understory vegetation and organic and A horizons, was removed) and control sites from July 1998 to June 2000. Nitrate (NO3–) concentration in soil solution at the treated site was significantly higher than that of the control in the no-snow period, and it was decreased by dilution from melting snow. The annual net outputs of NO3–from soil at the treated site and control sites were 257 and –12 mmol m–2year–1, and about 57% of the net output at the treated site occurred during the snowmelt period. NO3–was transported from the upper level to the lower level of soil via water movement during late autumn and winter, and it was retained in soil and leached by melt water in early spring. Removing vegetation and surface soil resulted in an increase in NO3–concentration of soil solution, and snowmelt strongly affected the NO3–leaching from treated soil and the NO3–restoration process in a snow-dominated region.

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