Features of the Processing of Cellulose-Containing Raw Materials with Aspergillus Niger Enzyme Systems to Obtain Bioethanol

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-containing raw materials, using Aspergillus niger, were studied. Filter paper, secondary cellulose-containing or starch-containing raw materials, miscanthus cellulose after alkaline or acid pretreatment, and wood chip cellulose, were used as substrates. The study focused on a wild A. niger strain, treated, or not (control), by ultraviolet (UV) irradiations for 45, 60, or 120 min (UV45, UV60, or UV120), or by UV irradiation for 120 min followed by a chemical treatment with NaN3 + ItBr for 30 min or 80 min (UV120 + CH30 or UV120 + CH80). A mixture of all the A. niger strains (MIX) was also tested. A citrate buffer, at 50 mM, wasthe most suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis. As the UV exposure time increased to 2 h, the cellulase activity of the surviving culturewas increased (r = 0.706; p < 0.05). The enzymatic activities of the obtained strains, towards miscanthus cellulose, wood chips, and filter paper, were inferior to those obtained with commercial enzymes (8.6 versus 9.1 IU), in some cases. Under stationary hydrolysis at 37 °C, pH = 4.7, the enzymatic activity of A. niger UV120 + CH30 was 24.9 IU. The enzymatic hydrolysis of secondary raw materials, using treated A. niger strains, was themost effective at 37 °C. Similarly, the most effective treatment of miscanthus cellulose and wood chips occurred at 50 °C. The maximum conversion of cellulose to glucose was observed using miscanthus cellulose (with alkaline pretreatment), and the minimum conversion was observed when using wood chips. The greatest value of cellulase activity was evidenced in the starch-containing raw materials, indicating that A. niger can ferment not only through cellulase activity, but also via an amylolytic one.

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DISTRIBUTION IN NATURE OF HEPTULOSE-PHOSPHATE-FORMING SYSTEMS

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o61-145 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 39 (9) ◽

pp. 1367-1372 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

V. N. Nigam ◽

H.-G. Sie ◽

William H. Fishman

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Natural Distribution ◽

Enzyme Systems ◽

Kidney Liver ◽

The Brain ◽

Hexose Phosphates

The natural distribution was investigated of enzyme systems capable of forming heptulose phosphate from nucleosides, certain hexose phosphates, and ribose-5-phosphate. These systems occur widely in amphibia, birds, reptiles, and mammals. The materials examined included fungi (Aspergillus niger), bacteria (Serratia mascerans), yeast, germinating mung beans, spinach, and the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, intestine, egg, of fish, frog, turtle, chicken, rat, rabbit, mouse, and dog. Among the plants and microorganisms, activity towards nucleosides was absent (except for yeast) while that towards R5P and also G1P, G6P, and M6P was present.

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Development of a concept for the production of wheat snacks with the elimination of gluten by the biocatalysis

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2020-4-77-83 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 77-83

Author(s):

A. Y. Sharikov ◽

E. N. Sokolova ◽

M. V. Amelyakina ◽

T. V. Yuraskina ◽

V. V. Ivanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Modification ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Specific Amino Acid ◽

Enzyme Preparations ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Enzyme Systems ◽

Antigenic Properties ◽

Hydrolysis Of

The increase in the number of cases of allergic reactions and celiac disease is an important problem. The solution to this problem is the search and development of relevant and effective ways to eliminate gluten. Specific amino acid sequences glutamine and proline determine the resistance to protease hydrolysis of the structural domains of gluten fractions. The analysis of the literature data showed that an alternative to the gluten-free diet is the use of biotechnological methods for modifying ingredients containing gluten. Such methods include the use of leavens on the base of lactic acid bacteria or enzyme preparations containing peptidases specific to gluten biocatalysis. In addition, the pretreatment of raw materials by extrusion cooking contributes to an increase in the degree of gluten hydrolysis. The effect of the thermoplastic extrusion and various enzyme systems containing proteases, amylolytic, cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes on the changes in the molecular weights of wheat protein fractions was studied. It was found that extrusion as a factor of protein modification significantly affects the proteolysis of wheat proteins using enzyme systems of different substrate specificity. The most effective hydrolysis was shown by the use of a complex enzyme preparation Amyloprotoorizin. including The effect was also noted after bioconversion of non-extruded wheat. An algorithm for the technology of wheat snacks based on the processes of extrusion and biocatalysis of proteins with specific proteases for the elimination of gluten is devepoped. The practical implementation of the technology will make it possible to obtain ready-to-eat snacks, which will be investigated for the preservation or elimination of antigenic properties during clinical trials.

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MOLECULAR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER CONTAMINATION IN COSMETIC/PHARMACEUTICAL RAW MATERIALS AND FINISHED PRODUCTS

Journal of Rapid Methods & Automation in Microbiology ◽

10.1111/j.1745-4581.1999.tb00370.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

LUIS JIMENEZ ◽

YOOPA BOSKO ◽

STACEY SMALLS ◽

RAYMOND IGNAR ◽

DONALD ENGLISH

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Detection And Identification

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Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles with the Potential to Control Fungal Contamination in the Male Inflorescences of Palmyra Palm

Applied Science and Engineering Progress ◽

10.14416/j.asep.2021.07.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Suchera Thananimit ◽

Pichayabha Sorsiw ◽

Warapond Wanna ◽

Souwalak Phongpaichit

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Raw Material ◽

Fungal Contamination ◽

Chamber Model ◽

Aspergillus Sclerotiorum

Fungal contamination of the male inflorescences of palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) is a serious problem during their storage prior being used as the raw material for making the local One-Tambon-One-Product, a cloth holder known as “Nguang Taan Hom” made by the Phutaan Entrepreneurship, Takua Thung District PhangNga Province, Thailand. Morphological and molecular techniques were used to identify the isolated fungi from male palmyra palm inflorescences. Three major strains: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus sclerotiorum were studied for antifungal activities and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was found to range from 13.5–27 mg mL–1. Then, the efficiency of the AgNPs and silver nanoparticles stabilizing by Polyvinylpyrrolidone (AgNPs-PVP) on the male palmyra palm inflorescences was studied by constructing a chamber model over a period for 9 weeks. The results showed that the group inoculated with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus sclerotiorum spores developed fungal growth after 4 weeks whereas no fungal growth was observed in the group treated with AgNPs and AgNPs-PVP at 27 μg/ mL until week 7, indicating that dipping with either AgNPs or AgNPs-PVP is able to inhibit the growth of the fungi which cause damage to raw materials and also threaten human health. Therefore, it can effectively extend the storage time of male palmyra inflorescences.

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PENGARUH KONSENTRASI KATALIS ENZIM GLUKOAMILASE (ASPERGILLUS NIGER) TERHADAP KONSENTRASI PRODUK GLUKOSA PADA KINETIKA REAKSI SIMULTAN SAKARIFIKASI DAN FERMENTASI BIOETANOLDARI SORGUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L.)

EKUILIBIUM ◽

10.20961/ekuilibrium.v10i1.2234 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Endah Retno Dyartanti

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Substrate Concentration ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Maximum Velocity ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Menten Constant ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract: Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.) is one of raw materials to make bioethanol containing carbohydrate which can be hydrolysis becomeglucose. Making of bioethanol is started by liquification and continued by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by adding glucoamylase (aspergillus niger) enzyme and dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This research aim to know influence of enzyme catalyst concentration inSSF reaction to make bioethanol from sorghum. Reaction time of SSF 6 hours at 30oC by adding glucoamilase enzyme and 8 grams dry yeast with velocity of shaker at 8 scale, after liquification in 2 hours at80oC by adding 2 ml alpha-amilase enzyme. From this research earned relation between concentration of glucoamylase enzyme with concentration of glucose product. Ever greater concentration of glucoamylase enzyme applied, ever greater also concentration of glucose product. From this research, it can be concluded that reaction of SSF with the range of glucoamylase enzyme are 4 ml, 8 ml, 10 ml, and 12 ml for 12% substrate concentration, earned optimum condition is using concentration of glucoamylase enzyme at 8 ml. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) from this research for 12% substrate concentration and 8 ml glucoamylase enzyme is 11.6875 g/l.hours and maximum velocity of reaction (Vmax) is 12.5 g/l.hours. Keywords: Bioethanol, Sorghum, SSF Kinetic

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Studi Kinetika Konsumsi Glukosa oleh Aspergillus Niger dalam Produksi Bioethanol dari Lignoselulosa

INTEK Jurnal Penelitian ◽

10.31963/intek.v4i1.98 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Setyo Erna Widiyanti

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Kinetic Parameters ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Glucose Consumption ◽

Product Formation ◽

Initial Glucose Concentration ◽

Kinetics Of

Global warming resulted from CO2 level increase in the atmosphere has caused elevation of earth temperature and uncertain climate changes. To prevent the rise of CO2 in the atmosphere can be done by using biomass fuel such as bioethanol. The raw materials of bioethanol can be derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch. Enzymatic hydrolysis utilizes cellulase-producing fungus and in this research, Aspergillus niger was chosen. The glucose produced is consumed by A niger as carbon source and this is undesirable, therefore it should be minimized as low as possible. Knowing the rate of glucose consumption is important to have a model of the hydrolysis reaction rate which will be helpful in the design process on an industrial scale hydrolysis reactor. This study aimed to determine the equations that can be used to approximate the growth rate of A. niger, glucose consumption, the formation of citric acid, and the kinetic parameters used to modeling the kinetics of glucose consumption by A. niger. Kinetics of glucose consumption by A. niger was studied in batch system with variation of initial glucose concentration of 30, 50, 70 g/l. The growth rate of A. niger, glucose consumption, and the formation of citric acid were modeled using 3 equations; i.e. Monod with non-competitive product inhibition, Luedeking-Piret, and Luedeking-Piret growth associated product formation, respectively. The values of kinetic parameters such as μmax, Ks, Kp, were 0.65 hour-1, 157.5 g/l, 0.3 g/l, for initial glucose concentration of 30, 50, 70 g/l, respectively. The values of α (kinetic parameter for growth associated product formation and α would be equal to Yp/x) and Yx/s were 0.4903, 0.8531, 0.9863; 0.5124, 0.2704, 0.2381, for initial glucose concentration of 30, 50, 70 g/l, respectively. Higher initial glucose concentration would increase α but it lowered Yx/s.

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Substances in dilutions greater than 10−24

British Homeopathic Journal ◽

10.1016/s0007-0785(73)80003-1 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 62 (01) ◽

pp. 3-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

James Stephenson

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Skin Pigmentation ◽

Wave Length ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Human Beings ◽

Venous Flow ◽

Enzyme Systems ◽

Laboratory Investigations ◽

Genetically Determined

Summary1 A review of the experimental literature since 1881 revealed 25 investigations into the action of various substances at dilutions greater than 10−24 (microdilutions).2 W. Boyd, H. Junker and J. Paterson investigated the effect of microdilutions on the growth of paramecia and the alteration of the Schick test.3 W. Boyd and W. Persson investigated the effects of microdilutions on various enzyme systems.4 P. Jousset, L. Kolisko, P. Narodetzki and J. Roy investigated the effect of microdilutions on the rate of growth of Aspergillus niger and Sterigmotocystis nigra mycelium, and on the rate of germination of barley and wheat germ.5 J. Boiron, A. Gay, P. Loch and L. Wurmser demonstrated the effect of microdilutions on light of a fixed wave-length, and that microdilutions have capacitances which vary from the diluting medium. Boericke and Tafel took photographs with microdilutions of radium bromide.6 B. Fincke and G. Jaeger investigated the effect of microdilutions on the speed of nerve impulses and on the electric field of human beings.7 G. Henshaw demonstrated the effect of microdilutions on the degree of flocculation of the blood of rabbits; K. König and V. Vondracek on the growth of tadpoles; N. Krawkow on the venous flow from the isolated ears of rabbits and on the skin pigmentation and the blood of frogs; J. Roy on the development of tetanus and tuberculosis in guinea-pigs and G. Stearns and M. Stark on the degree of inheritance of genetically determined tumors of the fruit fly.8 We hope that this survey will stimulate further laboratory investigations into the actions of microdilutions.

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Researching of features byosinthesis beta-glucans in the micelial mass Aspergillus niger and in non-conditional cereal grains

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2019-2-218-222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 218-222

Author(s):

B. S. Manzhieva ◽

N. Y. Sharova

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Waste Product ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Structural Features ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Beta Glucans ◽

Mycelial Mass ◽

Promising Source

At the moment, it seems relevant to process mycelial mass as a waste product of citric acid and substandard grain, since there is a problem of recycling production waste. In turn, waste processing makes it possible to isolate a number of unique compounds, such as glucan and chitin. Of interest is the cell wall of micromycetes. Its main structural polysaccharides (chitin and glucan) form a complex called the chitin-glucan complex. Moreover, the content of chitin in micromycetes is higher than in traditional raw materials - shells of marine crustaceans. The mycelial mass of Aspergillus niger micromycete is a promising source of glucan and chitin. Aspergillus niger biomass and substandard cereal grains contain soluble dietary fiber-beta-glucans. They help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by lowering cholesterol, control blood glucose, which is very important for patients with diabetes. In addition, because of the ability of beta-glucans to form viscous gels, these chemicals slow down the absorption of sugars. Due to this, there is a decrease in the glycemic index of products. Of greatest interest are glucans of microbial origin. In addition to structural features (more functionally active ?-1,3 / 1,6-bonds), the advantage of beta-glucans derived from biomass is a higher quantitative yield of soluble forms, which are interesting not only in the food industry, but also in medicine . The aim of this work is to study the effect of various carbon sources (raw materials) on the biosynthesis of glucan-containing compounds and their derivatives Aspergillus niger micromycetes. As a result of studies, it was found that the biomass on the corn starch hydrolyzate is the most effective, it contains a high content of beta-glucans.

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