scholarly journals Social economic feasibility of community’s gold mining in Kertajaya Village, Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 882 (1) ◽  
pp. 012075
Author(s):  
F Y Prabawa ◽  
R H S Koestoer ◽  
R Sukhyar
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Production System ◽  
Local Minimum ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
West Java ◽  
Gold Production

Abstract Many studies have stated that Community Gold Mining (CGM) activities are considered as poor and unqualified as a profession. CGM is also believed unfeasible for business, and has less impact to state’s economic system. In general, the mainstream theories believed that CGM is unsustainable. But in fact, informal CGM activities still exist everywhere. Is CGM really unsustainable? Is CGM not proper enough to be officially supported by the state? This paper discusses and examines the practice of CGM. The research location was in Kertajaya Village, Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. There are thousands of local people working informally as CGM miners, with gold processing units Glundung/Tubes: Trommel Mercury (TM) method. 6 components of the Gold Production System were being discussed along with its their production costs. The observation was implied for TM processing units, carried out during 2018 - 2019. The supporting data were taken from CGM site: Cijiwa Block, from 2013 to 2017. The results: CGM business in research location is feasible enough, also has high economic potency for state’s taxation. Community’s Miner is qualifying as a profession, since the miner’s income exceeds the local minimum wage. Apart from the fact that the miners still use mercury, those facts show local CGM activity can be sustained.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of Solar-Driven Steam Gasification of Biomass for Large-Scale Hydrogen Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Houssame Boujjat ◽  
Sylvain Rodat ◽  
Stéphane Abanades
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Land Cost

Solar biomass gasification is an attractive pathway to promote biomass valorization while chemically storing intermittent solar energy into solar fuels. The economic feasibility of a solar gasification process at a large scale for centralized H2 production was assessed, based on the discounted cash-flow rate of return method to calculate the minimum H2 production cost. H2 production costs from solar-only, hybrid and conventional autothermal biomass gasification were evaluated under various economic scenarios. Considering a biomass reference cost of 0.1 €/kg, and a land cost of 12.9 €/m2, H2 minimum price was estimated at 2.99 €/kgH2 and 2.48 €/kgH2 for the allothermal and hybrid processes, respectively, against 2.25 €/kgH2 in the conventional process. A sensitivity study showed that a 50% reduction in the heliostats and solar tower costs, combined with a lower land cost of below 0.5 €/m2, allowed reaching an area of competitiveness where the three processes meet. Furthermore, an increase in the biomass feedstock cost by a factor of 2 to 3 significantly undermined the profitability of the autothermal process, in favor of solar hybrid and solar-only gasification. A comparative study involving other solar and non-solar processes led to conclude on the profitability of fossil-based processes. However, reduced CO2 emissions from the solar process and the application of carbon credits are definitely in favor of solar gasification economics, which could become more competitive. The massive deployment of concentrated solar energy across the world in the coming years can significantly reduce the cost of the solar materials and components (heliostats), and thus further alleviate the financial cost of solar gasification.

Economic performance of organic vs conventional vegetables production in Gaza strip

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Lower Production

Organic farming has achieved significant growth in developing countries. However, it is still in some areas such as Gaza strip at embryonic stage. Introduction and promotion of organic farming would need more information about economic feasibility of shifting from the existing conventional farms to organic farming system. This is the main aim of this study. Data was collected from 100 randomly selected farmers in southern area of Gaza strip using standard questionnaire. Additional focus group discussions were conducted for further qualitative analyses. Data was also collected from the organic farm of Safe Agriculture Association where vegetables are organically produced and marketed. Gross margin and comparative analyses were used to describe cost structure of conventional and organic production and to assess economic potentialities to shift to organic farming. Results varied among vegetable crops as some crops showed very high economic potential to shift to organic farming while other crops did not. Major reasons for crops with good potential were higher yield under organic farming, premium market prices and lower production costs. Major reasons for lower economic potential to shift were the significant lower yield and higher production costs. The study recommends further technical research to explore organic production techniques that allows for higher yield and lower production cost. The study also recommends further market research to investigate consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for organic products.

scholarly journals Structural Equation Modeling Applied to Socioeconomic Indicators in the Production of Sugarcane, in the State of Goiás

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Jean Marc Nacife ◽  
Frederico A. Loureiro Soares ◽  
Marconi Batista Teixeira ◽  
Leonardo Nazário S. dos Santos ◽  
Gustavo Castoldi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Production System ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Path Diagram

Agribusiness has played a strategic role for Brazil's development with the challenge of sustainable agriculture. It is proposed to determine, through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the validity and effects of the relationships between socioeconomic factors of the sugarcane production system in Quirinópolis, providing subsidies to the decision-making process of agricultural establishments. The research methodological approach was quantitative, applying techniques of normality statistics, hypothesis and multivariate analysis without statistical significance (P <0,05). A path diagram model was developed that presented structural quality adjustment and its validated explanatory equations, obtaining relevant R2. The results demonstrate that the Equation 1 (IBCcane = 0.02Rcane - 0.75ICcane – 0.46ISVO + 0.35ISPS + error) is explained in 73.7% of its variance (R2), in the Equation 2 (ICcane = 0.59ISVO – 0.45ISPS + 0.35SizeEstablis + error) successor vocation affects 42% on production costs and in the Equation 3 (Rcane = -0.40 AgroDistance – 0.16ISPS + error) the distance between farm and agribusiness influences 72% on the proposed revenue mix. The SEM analysis verified that social factors influence the economic factors that compose the sugarcane production system studied. The path diagram proved that the influence track relative to the costs in the proposed model is more representative than revenue for the economic results of rural sugarcane establishments. 

scholarly journals SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF GOVERNMENT MINIMUM EXPENDITURE AND WAGE EXPENDITURE IN THE SIMULTANEOUS INDUSTRIAL SECTOR MODEL OF DKI JAKARTA PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Freddy Wangke
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
Simultaneous Model

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of increasing expenditure and increasing the minimum wage of the government in the simultaneous model of the industrial sector of DKI Jakarta province. The estimation model in the simultaneous model of the industrial sector of DKI province uses the 2 SLS (Two-Stage Least Squares) method. The simulation results of a 10% increase in the expenditure of the provincial government of DKI has resulted in an increase of investment of 4.72%, production growth of 0.19%, employment of 0.17%, an increase in production costs by 0.24%, and company profits increased by 0.10%. On the other hand, the simulation results of a 10% increase in the provincial minimum wage has resulted in a decrease in labor absorption by 0.55%, a decrease in production in the industrial sector has resulted in 0.21%, a decrease in investment by 0.07%, and a decrease in production costs by 0.04%.

scholarly journals Saving Industry of Garments Solid Works In West Java (Review of SE and SK Determination Policy on West Java UMK in 2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rizal ◽  
Anang Muftiadi
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
West Java ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Solid Works ◽  
The Impact

It has become a common tradition that in November every year, each Governor is obliged to set a UMP and can (not must) determine Regental/Municipal Minimum Wage (UMK). This is regulated by PP 78 of 2015 concerning Wages. This wage policy regulates the minimum wage that must be paid by employers to all workers without exception. Every year, this wage arrangement has become a problem for the industry, especially labor-intensive industries. This industry contributed to employment for people who had only low education around the company and its supporting areas. However, wages that were getting higher each year caused companies to enter the non-compliment category of buyers. This choice was what caused many companies to relocate or permanently disband their companies. Deferral of payment was not a solution for the company. In fact, it dragged them to bankruptcy. Governor of West Java’s SE No. 561/75/Yanbangsos/2019 concerning the Implementation of MSEs in West Java had become a breath of fresh air for the investment climate in West Java. However, this SE did not last long because of the high pressure of interest on the Governor of West Java. This article was carried out to analyze the impact of the revocation of the SE and the change to a decree, which stagnated the industry and reduced its production resulting in massive layoffs in several Regencies and Cities in West Java.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint and Related Production Costs of System Components of a Field-Grown Cercis canadensis L. ‘Forest Pansy’ Using Life Cycle Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewayne L. Ingram ◽  
Charles R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Production System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
System Component ◽  
Cercis Canadensis

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was utilized to analyze the global warming potential (GWP), or carbon footprint, and associated costs of the production components of a field-grown, spade-dug, 5 cm (2 in) caliper Cercis canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’ in the Lower Midwest, U.S. A model production system was determined from interviews of nursery managers in the region. Input materials, equipment use and labor were inventoried for each production system component using international standards of LCA. The seed-to-landscape GWP, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide emission equivalent (CO2e), was determined to be 13.707. Equipment use constituted the majority (63%) of net CO2-e emissions during production, transport to the customer, and transplanting in the landscape. The model was queried to determine the possible impact of production system modifications on carbon footprint and costs to aid managers in examining their production system. Carbon sequestration of a redbud growing in the landscape over its 40 year life, weighted proportionally for a 100 year assessment period, was calculated to be −165 kg CO2e. The take-down and disposal activities following its useful life would result in the emission of 88.44 kg CO2e. The life-cycle GWP of the described redbud tree, including GHG emissions during production, transport, transplanting, take down and disposal would be −63 kg CO2e. Total variable costs associated with the labor, materials, and equipment use incurred in the model system were $0.069, $2.88, and $34.81 for the seedling, liner, and field production stages, respectively. An additional $18.83 was needed for transport to the landscape and planting in the landscape and after the 40 year productive life of the tree in the landscape, another $60.86 was needed for take-down and disposal activities.

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