scholarly journals Features of aeolian relief formation of the sandy massif Suvinskii Kuitun in the Barguzin Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
V B Vyrkin ◽  
D V Kobylkin
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Principal Objective ◽  
Relief Formation ◽  
Partial Fixation ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Aeolian Sands ◽  
Sand Massif

Abstract The principal objective of the article is the determination of the main features of the aeolian relief formation of the Suvinskii Kuitun sand massif, one of the regions of active modern aeolian morphogenesis in the Barguzinskaya Depression. A brief description of the morphology of the aeolian relief, characterized by the predominance of deflationary forms over accumulative ones, is given. Among the forms of active deflation, deflation basins dominate here, separated by elongated deflation inselbergs, composed of sands of lacustrine, alluvial, deluvial-proluvial, and aeolian genesis. The mineralogical and granulometric composition of sandy deposits in the southern part of the Suvinskii Kuitun, characterized by poor roundness of sandy grains, has been analysed. A distinct northeastward eolomotion was revealed towards the foothills of the Ikat Range and its accumulation there. The age of the aeolian sands, mainly related to the formation of the Tagar culture (the end of the Bronze Age) was determined. The phytomelioration carried out in the second half of the 20th century led only to a partial fixation of sands, without affecting their overall deflation in most areas of the Suvinskii Kuitun.

scholarly journals Beyond Transgressive Lands and Forgotten Seas: Towards a Maritime Understanding of Rock Art in Bohuslän

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Johan Ling
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Bronze Age

Since the beginning of the 20th century rock art in Bohuslän has traditionally been interpreted, on the basis of its adjacent location to the clay-soil plains, as an indicator ofpermanent pastoral or agrarian settlement units. However, recent results ofthe first substantial and extensive shoreline study, covering the whole of Bohuslän, have shown that, during the entire Bronze Age, many of these lower, clay- soil plains were in fact sea bottoms in shallow bays. On the basis of these results new measurement of the rock art panels and the surrounding terrain were made. The study showed that many rock carvings had been placed on or near the contemporary shore during the Bronze Age. It therefore seemed essential to present new questions about the social and ritual behaviour, as manifested by the rock art in these particular areas. It is here suggested that the rock art in the investigated area may be a materialised reflection of seasonal maritime interactions during the Bronze Age.

scholarly journals The leading ornamental motif koshkar muyiz in Kazakh ornamentation: in search of the primordi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
S. K. Suraganov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
William Hogarth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Bronze Age

The ornamental motif of Koshkar Muyiz – the legacy of the Ancient times – remains key in the traditional art of felt craft. The horn-shaped figures of the Kazakhs had been a centerpiece of scholarly discourses of Kazakh, Russian and Soviet science over the entire 20th century. The first attempts to find their meaning were made by the German ethnologist R. Karutz (1911), the Russian researchers S. Dudin (1928), B. Kuftin (1926), E. Schneider (1927), and others. The horn-shaped motif had been reviewed in the works of archaeologists, art historians and ethnographers since the second half of the 20th century. Scientists determined the time of its origin, its geography, and attempted to translate its semantic content. It was found that the curvilinear motif had not appeared earlier than the New Stone Age, but in the Bronze Age, it had developed in the form of various styled designs. This motif obviously played a key role in the ornamental complex of the Turkic-Mongol peoples. Based on the interdisciplinary approach, the author offers a number of reasons to explain its viability, including the internal form of the word - name of the ornamental motif, which is epic in nature since it can cause a special aesthetic reaction in viewers. The ornamental motif seems to play the role of a “figure of memories” and have the status of a “substantiative past”. It is preserved as a linguistic objectification (name) in an extra-linguistic format as well, in the form of an Iconic Model of a transcultural anagram that reproduces the ancient ideological content with symbolic and magical scope. Acting as a canon, the Koshkar Muyiz motif is a sort of a “Signature of the Era” with its artistic charm and is constructively based on the line called the “Line of Beauty” by William Hogarth.

scholarly journals “STEPPE CORRIDORS” OF ALAKUL PASTORALISTS: ISOTOPE AND PALEOBOTANICAL STUDIES AT THE CHEBARKUL III SETTLEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Polina S. Ankusheva ◽  
◽  
Irina P. Alaeva ◽  
Sergey A. Sadykov ◽  
Yan Chuen Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The Bronze Age

The paper is devoted to the determination of the preferred ecological niche of the Alakul population of the forest-steppe Trans-Urals and considers the problem of Andronovo colonization in the northern direction. Radiocarbon dating, paleobotanical and isotopic studies were carried out based on the Chebarkul III settlement materials. The Alakul period of the settlement dates back to the 18th–17th centuries BC. The species composition of plants from the settlement’s cultural layer is similar to the Bronze Age steppe settlements of the Southern Trans-Urals and mainly represented by plant seeds of the meadow and ruderal zones with a minimum amount of forest and the absence of domesticated plants. The δ13C, δ15N values in the livestock bones reflect the diet consisting of C3 photosynthesis type plants with a small proportion of C4 plants. The decreased values of δ13C and δ15N in comparison with the Late Bronze Age steppe sites in the Ural-Kazakhstan region may indicate a high moisture content of the settlement’s pastures. The data obtained indicate the preservation of the settled cattle-breeding model, which is typical for the steppe Alakul sites, with cattle grazing in the surrounding territories and the possible preparation of fodder for the winter. The development of northern territories by the Alakul populations took place in the landscape zones habitual for the steppe population: with the presence of open spaces, wide meadows for grazing animals, and preparing forage, as well as forests. For this reason, the so-called Chebarkul steppe corridor was also populated, capturing the shore of the lake of the same name, on which the settlement under study is located.

scholarly journals Analysis of shapes and ornamental designs of vessels from the Balanovo burial ground

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.В. Волкова
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Volga River Basin ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Related Population

The article is devoted to analysis of shapes and ornamental designs of 121 vessels from the Balanovo burial ground. The burial field belongs to the Bronze Age and is situated in the Mari part of the Volga river basin. The analysis has been carried on within framework of the historical-and-cultural approach to pottery study developed by A.A. Bobrinsky (Bobrinsky, 1978). Vessel shapes have been study in accordance with procedure developed by Yu.B. Tsetlin. The procedure includes three consecutive stages: 1. determination of general proportionality of vessels; 2. detachment of vessels’ functional parts; 3. determination of the functional parts’ maturity. Analysis of ornamental designs has been carried out in accordance with the procedure developed by the author of the article and consisted of detachment of technological ornamental traditions (type of ornamental tools and ways of its drawing) and of stylistic ornamental traditions (at four structural levels: an 251 element, an image, a motif, and a composition). In result the author has detached the Balanov and the Atli-Kasin pottery traditions of forms creation and ornamentation (there is no differences in pottery traditions of these two populations). Mixed Balanov-Atli-Kasin traditions have been detached also. The presence of mixed traditions allows the author to make a more substantiated conclusion that the Balanov burial ground was left by two closely related population groups, by Balanovo and Atlikan groups.

Mervyn Reddaway Popham 1927–2000

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Cadogan
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Evidential Basis

Mervyn Popham was a questioning, quiet person, driven by an uncompromising honesty to find the truth, and always ready to doubt accepted explanations or any theory-driven archaeology for which he could find no evidential basis. He was probably the most percipient archaeologist of the Late Bronze Age of Crete and the Aegean to have worked in the second half of the 20th century, and became almost as important in the archaeology of the Early Iron Age, which succeeded the Bronze Age. In his archaeology he took an analytical-empirical approach to what he saw as fundamentally historical problems, reaching unprecedented peaks of intelligent, and commonsensical, refinement.

scholarly journals Absolute Dating of the Bronze Age Defensive Settlement in Horodnianka (NE Poland)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 993-1001
Author(s):  
Marek Krapiec ◽  
Monika Bolka ◽  
Jerzy Brzozowski
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Archaeological Wood ◽  
Ne Poland ◽  
Dendrochronological Analysis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Bronze Age

In 2008–2009, during construction of the ring road around the town of Sztabin in NE Poland, archaeological rescue excavations were carried out at site no. 12 in Horodnianka. The excavations revealed the remains of a defensive settlement from the Bronze Age, with a total surface of 3 ha. Concentric wooden palisades reinforcing the settlement were situated on sandy, elevated embankments of the Biebrza River. Altogether, 189 samples of archaeological wood, mainly oak (Quercus sp.), were collected. Dendrochronological analysis demonstrated that the trees were cut down within a relatively short period of only 22 yr. On the basis of 22 contemporaneous dendrochronological sequences, the average curve HOR_AA1 (89 yr long) was constructed. However, attempts at dating the average curve against the chronologies from adjacent areas were unsuccessful. Therefore, determination of the time interval represented by the palisade oaks was attempted with the wiggle-matching method. Radiocarbon dating using liquid scintillation counting (LSC) was conducted for 6 suitable samples selected from the average curve. The 14C results, after calibration, suggest the dates of cutting the oaks outlining the Horodnianka chronology most probably fall in the time interval 870–795 cal BC. This means that Horodnianka could be the furthest northeastern defensive fortification of the Lusatian culture.

scholarly journals Petrov culture burial site near the village of Taldy (Karkaralinsk District, Karaganda Region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Igor Alekseevich Kukushkin ◽  
Evgeniy Anatolievich Dmitriev ◽  
Alexei Igorevich Kukushkin
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Variant ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Karaganda Region

The following paper contains investigation results of the randomly discovered ancient burial site near the village of Taldy (Central Kazakhstan). Accompanying inventory is represented by metal celt-adze, a highly fragmented bracelet with a spiral wound end and a ceramic vessel with a ribbed shoulder and geometric ornament. The obtained material allows attributing the burial site to the Petrov culture of the Bronze Age. The authors of the paper proceed from the weak argumentation of the regional analogue of Petrovka, the Nurtai culture singled out at the end of the 20th century. The current base of sources is characterized by heterogeneity. In this connection, the early Andronian antiquities of Central Kazakhstan should be considered within the framework of the Petrov culture with the possible further allocation of a local variant or stage. Celt-adze found here is quite interesting. It has analogies with the Dolgaya Gora monuments findings (Abashevskaya culture), Tanabergen II (Sintashta culture), Nurataldy-1, Kenotkel XVIII (Petrov culture) and Shaitan Lake II (Koptyakovskaya culture). According to the formal and typological features, the specimens found are divided into two subtypes: the early one - Abashev-Sintashta and the later one - Petrovsky-Koptyakovsky. The Dolgaya Gora finding presupposes the birth of this type of tools in the late Abashev culture of the Urals. The well-known ethnographic parallels allow us to establish that the products were intended for straining poles, sanding the tree, removing the core from blanks and other works related to woodworking.

scholarly journals Diachronic Frontiers: Landscape Archaeology in Highland Albania

2006 ◽  
pp. 231-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schon ◽  
Michael L. Galaty
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Mountain Valley ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Tribal Societies ◽  
The Bronze Age

The modern practice of archaeological survey—regional, intensive, diachronic, and interdisciplinary—is well-suited to the study of frontiers. In this paper we provide the example of the Shala Valley Project, which studies the northern Albanian mountain valley of Shala, home to the Shala tribe. Northern Albania is the only place in Europe where tribal societies survived into the 20th century. We attribute their survival to the frontier position of northern Albania, wherein tribal chiefs controlled access to and through valley systems. Shala provides a classic example of a “refuge” society, perched within a strongly contested peripheral zone. The tribe actively and creatively resisted state incorporation during both the Ottoman (Early Modern) and Modern periods. The northern Albanian frontier may have formed much earlier, though, perhaps as early as the Bronze Age. We bring a broad array of evidence to bear on this question, drawn from the ethno-historical, excavation, and of course, survey-archaeological records.

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