scholarly journals “STEPPE CORRIDORS” OF ALAKUL PASTORALISTS: ISOTOPE AND PALEOBOTANICAL STUDIES AT THE CHEBARKUL III SETTLEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Polina S. Ankusheva ◽  
◽  
Irina P. Alaeva ◽  
Sergey A. Sadykov ◽  
Yan Chuen Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The Bronze Age

The paper is devoted to the determination of the preferred ecological niche of the Alakul population of the forest-steppe Trans-Urals and considers the problem of Andronovo colonization in the northern direction. Radiocarbon dating, paleobotanical and isotopic studies were carried out based on the Chebarkul III settlement materials. The Alakul period of the settlement dates back to the 18th–17th centuries BC. The species composition of plants from the settlement’s cultural layer is similar to the Bronze Age steppe settlements of the Southern Trans-Urals and mainly represented by plant seeds of the meadow and ruderal zones with a minimum amount of forest and the absence of domesticated plants. The δ13C, δ15N values in the livestock bones reflect the diet consisting of C3 photosynthesis type plants with a small proportion of C4 plants. The decreased values of δ13C and δ15N in comparison with the Late Bronze Age steppe sites in the Ural-Kazakhstan region may indicate a high moisture content of the settlement’s pastures. The data obtained indicate the preservation of the settled cattle-breeding model, which is typical for the steppe Alakul sites, with cattle grazing in the surrounding territories and the possible preparation of fodder for the winter. The development of northern territories by the Alakul populations took place in the landscape zones habitual for the steppe population: with the presence of open spaces, wide meadows for grazing animals, and preparing forage, as well as forests. For this reason, the so-called Chebarkul steppe corridor was also populated, capturing the shore of the lake of the same name, on which the settlement under study is located.

scholarly journals NEW DATA ON THE DENTAL CHARACTERISTICS EXHIBITED BY THE POPULATION OF THE KULAYKA CULTURE IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK OB AREA

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-151
Author(s):  
M.S. Kishkurno ◽  
A.V. Sleptsova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article covers the results of a study on the odontological series from the Kamenny Mys burial ground (3rd–2nd centuries BC). In this work, we set out to study the genesis of the Kulay population of the Early Iron Age in the Novosibirsk Ob area. The main relations of the population with the groups of adjacent territories, as well as the nature of their interaction with the local groups, were determined. The odontological series from the Kamenny Mys burial ground includes the teeth of 24 individuals: 12 males, 6 females and 10 adult individuals whose gender could not be determined. The anthropological materials were examined according to a standard procedure, which involves the description of the tooth crown morphology considering the archaic features of the dental morphology. Also, an intergroup comparative analysis was performed via the method of the principal component analysis using the program STATISTICA version 10.0. It was established that the dental characteristics exhibited by the Kulayka population reveal signs of mixed European-Mongoloid formation with a significant predominance of the Eastern component. We compared the morphological characteristics of the sample with data obtained for the populations of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The intergroup comparison revealed the closest connection between the Bolshaya Rechka culture and the Kulayka group. The studied material provides anthropological confirmation of the interaction between Kulayka (taiga) and Bolshaya Rechka traditions (steppe), drawing on the data about the burial rite and ceramic complexes. The comparison of the Kulayka series with Bronze Age samples suggests that the forest-steppe populations occupying the territories of the Novosibirsk and Tomsk Ob and the Ob-Irtysh areas had no effect on the genesis of the Kulayka population. We suppose that the origins of the Kulayka population in the Novosibirsk Ob area should be traced to the populations from the West Siberian taiga of the Bronze Age, which is significantly complicated by the lack of sufficiently complete and representative series dating back to the specified period from the territory of the Middle Ob area. Further accumulation of anthropological material from the Middle Ob area will provide the opportunity to trace the genesis of taiga populations of the Early Iron Age.

scholarly journals The Origins and Development of Textile Culture in the Late Bronze Age in the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Ankusheva P.
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Textile Technology ◽  
Comparison Criteria

At the turn of the 3rd / 2nd millennium BC textile artifacts (fabric impressions on ceramics and organic samples) were widespread in the Southern Urals. The paper is devoted to identifying the possible origins of the Sintashta and Alakul textile technologies by comparing them with the data about the products from adjacent territorial and chronological frames. The comparison criteria are the components of the textile culture (raw materials, technology, decoration and application), according to which the sources of the Trans-Ural Eneolithic, Yamnaya, Catacomb, Andronovo communities are systematized. Such innovative technologies as weaving, woolen threads, madder dyeing were first noted in the South Trans-Urals in the Sintashta materials and find their closest parallels in the catacomb materials. The Sintashta, Petrovka and Alakul antiquities demonstrate a single textile technology, organically integrated into the Srubno-Andronovo “world” of steppe and forest-steppe cattle-breeding cultures of Northern Eurasia.

scholarly journals Bracelet from an Elunino burial at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
I.A. Valkov
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Trace Analysis ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article studies a stone bead bracelet found in an Early Bronze Age burial of the Elunino archaeological culture during the excavation of the Teleut Vzvoz-I burial ground (heterogeneous in time) in the south of Western Siberia (Forest-Steppe Altai). According to a series of calibrated radiocarbon dates, the Elunino burial ground at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site was used in the 22nd–18th centuries BC. The artefact under study was found in double burial No. 16 of the indicated burial ground, on the wrist of an adult (gender is not established). The bracelet in-cludes 66 stone beads, as well as one stone base. This piece of jewellery is unique in terms of technique, as well as the sacral meaning embedded in it. The ornament found on the beads bears no analogies to those discovered in the well-known Bronze Age archaeological sites of Western and Eastern Siberia. The present publication con-siders the morphological and raw material characteristics of the bracelet, as well as the specifics of its production and use. In this study, trace analysis was performed, i.e. the analysis of macro- and micro-traces left on the sur-face of the item as a result of its production and subsequent use. All traces were examined using an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope at a magnification of ×16–56. It was found that some of the beads in the bracelet were made of serpentinite. The nearest sources of this stone are at least 250–300 km away from Teleut Vzvoz-I. The beads are made by counter-drilling, drilling of blind holes, polishing and grinding. This find is unique due to orna-mental compositions found on several beads in the form of oblique notches on side faces. The extremely small size of the beads (average diameter of 3.3 mm; average thickness of 1.4 mm) makes the pattern invisible to the naked eye. Thus, it is concluded that the ornament had a sacred meaning, and the bracelet itself served as an amulet. Despite no finds of ornamented bracelets dating back to the Bronze Age in Western Siberia and adjacent territories, typologically the bracelet bears analogies to the antiquities of the Okunevo culture, the Yamna cultural and historical community, as well as in the materials of the Bronze Age archaeological site of Gonur Depe (Turk-menistan). The study of the bracelet demonstrates the relevance of performing trace analysis of such items from other archaeological sites.

scholarly journals Late Eneolithic and Bronze Age Prologue Pontic Societies. Forest-Steppe Middle Dniester and Prut Drainage Basins in the 4Th/3Rd-2Nd Millennium Bc: A History of Investigations

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Ivanova ◽  
Gennadiy N. Toschev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Sea Coast

Abstract The paper presents a historiographic context helpful in the current investigations of the cultural contacts between the societies of the east and west of Europe in the borderland of Podolia and Moldova in the Late Eneolithic and the prologue of the Bronze Age. The focus is on the state of research (chiefly taxonomic and topogenetic) into the sequence of taxa in the age of early ‘barrow-building’, identified in the funerary rituals of societies settling the forest-steppe of the northwestern Black Sea Coast in the 4th/3rd-2nd millennium BC.

FUNERAL CEREMONIES AMONG THE LIVESTOCK TRIBES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Safarali Kushakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Human Burials ◽  
The Bronze Age

In this article, we can learn about one of the greatest features of the tradition of human burials in the southern and bordering regions of Uzbekistan, and about its features in the monuments of the Bronze Age cattle-breeding tribes of Northern Bactria.At the same time, the emergence of early urban states in Central Asia, especially in ancient Bactria and Margiana, was considered

Formation of Ethnocultural Tourism Clusters in Russia-Kazakhstan Borderline Territory

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
O. L. BANСEROVA ◽  
A. R. KASIMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Regions Of Russia ◽  
Private Farm

The purpose of the paper is to explore the region’s tourism potential and to identify items of material and intangible cultural heritage for the formation of ethnocultural centers and ethnocultural clusters. The paper outlines the concept of cultural heritage and its role for ethnocultural tourism. Stages of evolution of the concept are described starting from the 1980-ies when it referred only to material objects, particularly, historical and architectural monuments and sites, and up to the inclusion of intangible items in the early 21st century, which was marked by interest in the material processing methods, crafts, household and economic patterns, rites and customs of different ethnic groups. The study is focused on the borderline regions of Russia and Kazakhstan where the patterns of local peoples are most distinctive. As a result of the research, a map of ethnic settlements in the discussed region was drawn, and it was established that husbandry relied on household and distant-pasture cattle breeding, which emerged in the territory as early as the Bronze Age. The planning structure of a private farm, its elements and functional interrelation of buildings and production structures were determined, and the conclusion was drawn that, given the sustained ancient traditional household practices, the researched settlements were of interest for tourism and could serve as sites of ethnocultural tourism and provide a ground for the formation of ethnocultural establishments.

scholarly journals Andronovo Problem: Studies of Cultural Genesis in the Eurasian Bronze Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-36
Author(s):  
Stanislav Grigoriev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Continuity ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Cultural Genesis ◽  
The Bronze Age

Abstract Andronovo culture is the largest Eurasian formation in the Bronze Age, and it had a significant impact on neighboring regions. It is the important culture for understanding many historical processes, in particular, the origins and migration of Indo-Europeans. However, in most works there is a very simplified understanding of the scientific problems associated with this culture. The history of its study is full of opposing opinions, and all these opinions were based on reliable grounds. For a long time, the existence of the Andronovo problem was caused by the fact that researchers supposed they might explain general processes by local situations. In fact, the term “Andronovo culture” is incorrect. Another term “Andronovo cultural-historical commonality” also has no signs of scientific terminology. Under these terms a large number of cultures are combined, many of which were not related to each other. In the most simplified form, they can be combined into two blocks that existed during the Bronze Age: the steppe (Sintashta, Petrovka, Alakul, Sargari) and the forest-steppe (Fyodorovka, Cherkaskul, Mezhovka). Often these cultures are placed in vertical lines with genetic continuity. However, the problems of their chronology and interaction are very complicated. By Andronovo cultures we may understand only Fyodorovka and Alakul cultures (except for its early stage); however, it is better to avoid the use of this term.

scholarly journals Historic and Cultural Situation at the Turn of the Bronze and Iron Ages in the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Zimina O. ◽  
◽  
Anoshko O. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Local Standard ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
House Building ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article is devoted to the generalization and systematization of archaeological materials obtained during the excavations of sites of the late Bronze and early Early Iron Ages on the territory of the Trans-Urals. Comparative characteristics of the main life-supporting elements (settlement system, settlement planning, house-building, economy, ceramic production) of the carriers of the Mezhovka, Barkhatovo, Gamayun, Itkul (Iset) and Baitovo cultures made it possible for the authors to present one of the options for the development of the cultural-historical situation in the Trans-Urals forest-steppe and subtaiga zones at the turn of the Bronze and Iron epochs. Qualitative and quantitative data indicate dynamic transformation processes during this period, confirm the synchronicity of the Mezhovka and Barkhatovo cultures, the alien character of the Gamayun and Itkul (Iset) groups at the end of the Bronze Age and the continuity of the Barkhatovo-Baitovo antiquities. At the initial stage of the early Iron Age, representatives of the Itkul culture shared the space of the forest-steppe — subtaiga with the Baitovo communities. The alien traditions are becoming obsolete and there is a complete replacement of the local “standard” — Baitovo before the spread of the Sargat-Gorokhov influence. Keywords: Trans-Urals, complexes with cross ornamentation pottery, Barkhatovo Culture, Gamayun Culture, Itkul Culture, Baitovo Culture

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