scholarly journals Why was the sky red in Jambi during the forest fire?

2021 ◽  
Vol 893 (1) ◽  
pp. 012052
Author(s):  
S D A Kusumaningtyas ◽  
E Aldrian ◽  
Suradi ◽  
M Ahmad ◽  
G D Krisnawan
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Variation ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Aerosol Scattering ◽  
Fine Mode ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
Sun Photometer ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Abstract Extreme biomass burning occurred in Jambi, Indonesia, in 2019 and coincided exacerbated with El Nino. Peak burning season was in September, with a total hotspot of 7034. Red sky has been reported on September 21 during the day. Sun photometer measurements in Jambi as one of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) stations in Indonesia from 1 to September 26, 2019, were used to investigate the red sky phenomenon. Assessment of aerosol optical properties and spectral variation analysis is conducted. The study reveals that the red sky occurred due to, firstly, very high aerosol loading with fine size particles were present. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) was 0.34 at 500 nm on a non-hazy day (early September) and increased sharply to 5.74 during a hazy day. A high level of fine-mode particle was indicated with Angstrom Exponent>1. Secondly, during September 23, only longer wavelengths of AOD were measured at 675, 870, 1020, and 1640 nm, while AOD in shorter wavelengths cannot be retrieved. Highest AOD on September 23 was 6.19 at 675 nm, which is associated with the red sky in the previous day. Thirdly, SSA was near 1, indicating purely aerosol scattering due to coagulated fine-mode particles due to high humidity.

التغير المناخي واثره في المقنن المائي لمحصول العنب في محافظة ديالى

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (34) ◽  
pp. 391-422
Author(s):  
اشواق حسن حميد صالح
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Solar Brightness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climate Station ◽  
The Times ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Climate change and its impact on water resources is the problem of the times. Therefore, this study is concerned with the subject of climate change and its impact on the water ration of the grape harvest in Diyala Governorate. The study was based on the data of the Khanaqin climate station for the period 1973-2017, (1986-2017) due to lack of data at governorate level. The general trend of the elements of the climate and its effect on the water formula was extracted. The equation of change was extracted for the duration of the study. The statistical analysis was also used between the elements of the climate (actual brightness, normal temperature, micro and maximum degrees Celsius, wind speed m / s, relative humidity% The results of the statistical analysis confirm that the water ration for the study area is based mainly on the X7 evaporation / netting variable, which is affected by a set of independent variables X1 Solar Brightness X4 X5 Extreme Temperature Wind Speed ​​3X Minimal Temperature and Very High Level .

Relations between carbon removal rates, biofilm size and density of a novel anaerobic reactor: the inverse turbulent bed

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Buffière ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Carbon Removal ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
High Turbulence ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

An anaerobic inverse turbulent bed, in which the biogas only ensures fluidisation of floating carrier particles, was investigated for carbon removal kinetics and for biofilm growth and detachment. The range of operation of the reactor was kept within 5 and 30 kgCOD· m−3· d−1, with Hydraulic Retention Times between 0.28 and 1 day. The carbon removal efficiency remained between 70 and 85%. Biofilm size were rather low (between 5 and 30 μm) while biofilm density reached very high values (over 80 kgVS· m−3). The biofilm size and density varied with increasing carbon removal rates with opposite trends; as biofilm size increases, its density decreases. On the one hand, biomass activity within the reactor was kept at a high level, (between 0.23 and 0.75 kgTOC· kgVS· d−1, i.e. between 0.6 and 1.85 kgCOD·kgVS · d−1).This result indicates that high turbulence and shear may favour growth of thin, dense and active biofilms. It is thus an interesting tool for biomass control. On the other hand, volatile solid detachment increases quasi linearly with carbon removal rate and the total amount of solid in the reactor levels off at high OLR. This means that detachment could be a limit of the process at higher organic loading rates.

A Tight Connection Among Wealth, Income, Sustainability, and Accounting in an Ultra-Simplified Setting

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin L. Weitzman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Relationship ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Tight Connection ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

In theory, and under some very strong assumptions, there exists a tight quantitative relationship among the following four fundamental economic concepts: (1) ‘wealth’; (2) ‘income’; (3) ‘sustainability’; (4) ‘accounting’. These four basic concepts are placed in quotation marks here because a necessary first step will be to carefully and rigorously define what exactly is meant by each. This chapter reviews what is known about this important fourfold quantitative relationship in an ultra-simplified setting. It identifies some basic applications of this simplified economic theory of wealth and income (and sustainability and accounting). While the contents of this chapter are expressed at a very high level of abstraction and require many restrictive assumptions, the fundamental fourfold relationship it sharply highlights should be useful for conceptualizing, at least in principle, what is ‘wealth’ and what is its theoretical relationship to ‘income’, ‘sustainability’, and ‘accounting’.

Management of pregnancy when maternal blood has a very high level of fetal haemoglobin

1994 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspal S. Kaeda ◽  
Keshava Prasad ◽  
Richard J. Howard ◽  
Atul Mehta ◽  
Thomas Vulliamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Fetal Haemoglobin ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

The moisture relations of textile fibres at high humidities

1952 ◽  
Vol 212 (1108) ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
Very High ◽  
Rapid Transfer ◽  
True Equilibrium

The lack of reliable information on the absorption of moisture by hygroscopic textiles at high humidities has hitherto prevented the resolution of certain anomalies. In the present paper the conditions for the attainment of atmospheres of high humidity are discussed and new techniques are shown to be necessary. The main requirements are conditions favouring rapid transfer of moisture to the sample and adequate temperature control. A simple new apparatus is described together with the experimental methods employed. The results given show much higher sorption at very high humidities than has been previously reported, but there is no true equilibrium at saturation. The immediate saturation regain is, for practical purposes, identical with the moisture held by the fibres after centrifuging wet samples under standard conditions. It is concluded that the hysteresis loop closes at saturation. Other related phenomena are discussed.

Mutations Causing Constitutive Invertase Synthesis in Yeast: Genetic Interactions with snf Mutations

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Lenore Neigeborn ◽  
Marian Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Constitutive Mutation ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
High Level ◽  
Yeast Genetic ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT We have selected 210 mutants able to grow on sucrose in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose. We identified recessive mutations in three major complementation groups that cause constitutive (glucose-insensitive) secreted invertase synthesis. Two groups comprise alleles of the previously identified HXK2 and REG1 genes, and the third group was designated cid1 (constitutive invertase derepression). The effect of cid1 on SUC2 expression is mediated by the SUC2 upstream regulatory region, as judged by the constitutive expression of a SUC2-LEU2-lacZ fusion in which the LEU2 promoter is under control of SUC2 upstream sequences. A cid1 mutation also causes glucose-insensitive expression of maltase. The previously isolated constitutive mutation ssn6 is epistatic to cid1, reg1 and hxk2 for very high level constitutive invertase expression. Mutations in SNF genes that prevent derepression of invertase are epistatic to cid1, reg1 and hxk2; we have previously shown that ssn6 has different epistasis relationships with snf mutations. The constitutive mutation tup1 was found to resemble ssn6 in its genetic interactions with snf mutations. These findings suggest that CID1, REG1 and HXK2 are functionally distinct from SSN6 and TUP1.

Phase evolution in silver-doped BiPbSrCaCuO(2223)/Ag superconducting composites

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2187-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.C. Guo ◽  
H.K. Liu ◽  
S.X. Dou
Keyword(s):  
Partial Melting ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Avrami Equation ◽  
Phase Assemblage ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Silver Doping ◽  
Superconducting Tape ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Silver doping into (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 superconducting composite tapes was found to accelerate the formation process of high-Tc (2223) phase owing to lowering the partial melting point of the samples. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) results showed that the partial melting temperature of the sample was lowered by about 10 °C from 850 °C to 840 °C by silver doping. However, with sufficient sintering both the silver-doped and undoped samples can reach a very high level of high-Tc phase fraction, suggesting that the silver doping only speeds up the rate of high-Tc phase formation, but does not change the final phase assemblage of the materials. The reaction kinetics was analyzed by using the Avrami equation, and the results indicated that the conversion process of low-Tc (2212) phase to high-Tc (2223) phase was a diffusion-controlled, two-dimensional reaction. The correlation of the phase evolution with electrical property inside the superconducting tape during the process of heat treatment was also discussed.

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