scholarly journals New modes of transport and their impact on international transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
M Petrová ◽  
M Krügerová ◽  
M Kozieł
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
New Challenges

Abstract Various alternative transport options are currently being developed. The business environment as well as legislation must respond to these. It is possible that in a few years we will encounter modes of transport that were unknown until recently. Whether it is air transport by drones or autonomous vehicles, these are just concepts that are at a more advanced stage of implementation. The task of the legislation will be to respond to these stimuli to avoid uncertainty. These changes will have a major impact on the international transport of goods. The advantage of these alternative modes of transport is the lower impact on the environment, when alternative modes are usually used to power them. The aim of this article is to identify opportunities of new modes of transport on international trade relations. The international legal environment must face new challenges and respond in advance to possible modes of alternative transport. The practice is known that if an adequate legal framework is not created, these alternative modes of transport will develop uncontrollably and after that it will be very difficult to introduce any changes or rules. One way to do this is to implement any changes to the Incoterms. There is also a variant of introducing uniform international standards or, in the case of EU directives, that would address this issue.

scholarly journals Constitutional Aspect of the Application of EU Standards on the Use of Electronic Signature in the Republic of Srpska // Ustavnopravni aspekt primjene EU standarda o upotrebi elektronskog potpisa u Republici Srpskoj

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Siniša Macan ◽  
Siniša Karan ◽  
Goran Džajić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Electronic Signature ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina defines the right for free economy, which is the basis of economic development through the promotion of private ownership and the development of market economy. Every citizen have freedom of movement within and outside of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the freedom to choose a place of life, free choice of work and creating a business through positive competition between business entities.Bosnia and Herzegovina has assumed the obligations of integrating international legislation into its legal system. In order to implement the constitutional right for freedom of movement of people and capital, Bosnia and Herzegovina is obliged to apply international standards and regulations in the field of identification documents. At the same time, Bosnia and Herzegovina is integrated in the regional market with neighboring countries, the continental market in Europe and the intercontinental global marketplace. Such integration requires the creation of conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the development of a business environment that is at least the same or better in relation to other markets.A constitutional obligation of all levels of government of Bosnia and Herzegovina is to remove all barriers that slow down or disrupt business, in order to enable that goods and services that are created by economic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be competitive. In the era of Internet and digital business development, products and services can and must be available in every corner of the planet, and each state must create constitutional legal requirements that guarantee the rapid and free movement of goods and equity under equal conditions. This constitutional obligation guarantees that citizens without discrimination have at least equal conditions for business as well as individuals in other countries and in other markets with which goods and services are exchanged.In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is a legal and legitimate framework for the use of a digital signature. However, in practice, this way of legally valid business did not become a reality. In the business environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Srpska is not possible to sign contracts electronically, to report taxes and contributions legally certified by digital signatures or digitally archive business documents or to open a business electronically.The question arises as to the objective reasons for this situation, as well as the constitutional and legal framework and practice in order to bring the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska into equal status with citizens in the open capital market.

The role of standardization as a key Tool of Quality Economics in the development of integration of the Eurasian Economic Union

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
V. V. Okrepilov ◽  
A. G. Gridasov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Member States ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union

The presented study examines the experience of forming a regulatory framework for the integration of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) member states through the example of standardization as one of the key tools of quality economics.Aim. The study analyzes the major solutions of the EAEU authorities and member countries aimed at increasing the role of standardization in the economic integration of the Union over five years of its existence.Tasks. The authors identify efficient methods for developing standardization for the integration of the EAEU states as well as the most problematic aspects in this field that need to be taken into account in the qualitative strengthening of the Union’s economy.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the activities of the EAEU authorities and member states aimed at creating a system for the economic integration of the Union during a period of its transition from separate national markets towards a single (common) market.Results. Over five years of operation in the field of stadardization, the Eurasian Economic Union has created the necessary organizational and legal framework to ensure the successful development of integration processes. The national legislation on standardization has been modernized with allowance for the harmonization of these laws. In the next five-six years, the development of international standards for 40 technical regulations is expected to be completed, which would create a regulatory framework for unhindered interaction between all participants of the single (common) EAEU market. Conclusions. The analysis of activities in the field of standardization reveals a sufficiently thought-out and coordinated policy of the EAEU states in creating the necessary conditions for overcoming legal and administrative barriers in the movement of goods and services within the common economic space of the EAEU.

INTRODUCTION TO RISK AND SAFETY OF AIR NAVIGATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedja Netjasov
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Undergraduate Studies ◽  
Recommended Practices ◽  
The University ◽  
Navigation Safety

"Introduction to Risk and Safety of Air Navigation" is an authorized script compiled on the basis of the curriculum of the course "Introduction to Risk and Safety of Air Navigation" which is taught in undergraduate studies at the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering. The scripts are primarily intended for students of undergraduate (bachelor) studies at the Department of Air Transport and Traffic at the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering. Scripts can be useful to both master's and doctoral students at the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, especially those who have not completed undergraduate studies at the Department of Air Transport and Traffic. They can also be useful to air transport and aeronautical engineers in order to expand and update knowledge in the field of air navigation safety. The material presented in these scripts relates mainly to civil aviation and is largely based on international standards, recommended practices, regulations and documents which deal with issues related to air navigation safety. As these standards, regulations and documents are subject to frequent changes and alterations, users of these scripts are advised to also use the original (updated) documents, which are listed in the references, in order to take into account any changes that have occurred after the release of the scripts.

The Law & Politics of Brexit: Volume II

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Financial Settlement ◽  
The Eu

This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the withdrawal agreement concluded between the United Kingdom and the European Union to create the legal framework for Brexit. Building on a prior volume, it overviews the process of Brexit negotiations that took place between the UK and the EU from 2017 to 2019. It also examines the key provisions of the Brexit deal, including the protection of citizens’ rights, the Irish border, and the financial settlement. Moreover, the book assesses the governance provisions on transition, decision-making and adjudication, and the prospects for future EU–UK trade relations. Finally, it reflects on the longer-term challenges that the implementation of the 2016 Brexit referendum poses for the UK territorial system, for British–Irish relations, as well as for the future of the EU beyond Brexit.

The Global Ruling of Local Crisis Intervention: An Institutional Ethnography of Anti-Violence Work in Kyrgyzstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122098593
Author(s):  
Elena Kim
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Institutional Ethnography ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Women Clients ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Standards Of Practice

This article analyzes contradictory practices carried out in Kyrgyzstani crisis centers for victims of gender violence resulting in women-clients failing to obtain the protection they seek. These problematic dynamics are shaped by a global apparatus on women’s human rights protection and international standards of practice. Crisis center professionals perform the final activation of this ruling apparatus through textual work driven not by the women’s needs but by the goal of bringing local actions into accord with the “legal framework” organized and expressed by the national anti-violence law and the government’s need to report on it to international treaty bodies.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IN THE FIELD OF NON-FINANCIAL REPORTING AND THE PRACTICE OF THEIR APPLICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
E. V. ANDRIANOVA ◽  
◽  
P. S. SHCHERBACHENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Source Of Information

This article discusses and analyzes the most popular standards of non-financial reporting, which has a significant impact on the transformation of the business environment. Already, domestic and foreign companies with a high level of responsibility are beginning to publish non-financial statements in addition to financial statements, which is an additional tool for communication with stakeholders and a new source of information about their activities. To date, reports of this type are clearly unregulated, there are no verification standards, however, there is already a positive trend and the active introduction of non-financial indicators in the regular reporting of companies.

INTERNATIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR COMBATING CORRUPTION CRIMES RELATED TO GIVING AND PASSING BRIBES AND OTHER TYPES OF ILLEGAL REMUNERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Павел Владимирович Никонов
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Criminal Legislation

Международные нормативные правовые акты имеют особое значение для организации противодействия коррупционным преступлениям, связанным с дачей и получением взятки и иных видов незаконного вознаграждения. В статье анализируются международно-правовые документы, призванные обеспечить единый подход к противодействию указанным видам противоправных деяний в различных государствах. Международное сообщество озабочено решением проблем, связанных с противодействием коррупции. В этом отношении Россия не является исключением, поэтому ратифицирует основные международно-правовые акты, регламентирующие вопросы борьбы с коррупционными преступлениями. Интеграционные процессы, происходящие в настоящее время, обуславливают необходимость обращения к международному опыту в области противодействия указанным видам преступлений. При подготовке материала научной статьи применялся сравнительно-правовой метод исследования, что позволило получить обоснованные выводы относительно сравнения международных и российских нормативных правовых актов. В статье анализируются положения таких источников, ратифицированных Россией, как Конвенция Организации Объединенных Наций против коррупции, Конвенция против транснациональной организованной преступности, Конвенция об уголовной ответственности за коррупцию, Конвенция по борьбе с подкупом иностранных должностных лиц при осуществлении международных коммерческих сделок. В качестве полученных результатов проведенного исследования можно признать заключения относительно соответствия уголовного законодательства Российской Федерации, созданных органов и реализуемых мер, направленных на организацию борьбы с коррупционными преступлениями, связанными с дачей и получением взятки и иными видами незаконного вознаграждения, рассмотренным международным стандартам. International legal regulation is of prime importance in countering corruption crimes related to giving and receiving bribes and other types of illegal remuneration. The article analyzes international legal documents designed to ensure the same approach to countering these types of illegal acts in different states. The international community is concerned about solving problems related to combating corruption. Russia is no exception, therefore it ratifies the main international legal acts regulating the fight against corruption crimes. The integration processes taking place at the present time necessitate taking into account the international experience of countering these types of crimes. The comparative legal research method was used, this made it possible to obtain well-grounded conclusions regarding the comparison of international and Russian normative legal acts. The article analyzes the provisions of international documents ratified by Russia: the United Nations Convention against Corruption, the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption, and the Convention against Bribery of Foreign Officials in International Business Transactions. The findings on the compliance of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, existing bodies and measures taken in the field of combating corruption crimes related to giving and receiving bribes and other types of illegal remuneration to international standards as the results of the study are indicated.

scholarly journals Disputes and their Resolution in the Electronic Communications Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Jonida Gjika
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Effective Competition ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Legal Remedies ◽  
Eu Directives

This short treatment introduces the concept of potential disputes in the electronic communications market, their typology and the background in which exist premises to arise desputes in this market. Broadly represents the forecast of domestic regulatory and legal framework for the treatment of desputes existing in this market, approximation of legislation with EU directives, ways to resolve disputes arising in the potential levels of the market in which those disputes arise. As a summary is treated the concept of internal market/markets structure as domestic part of the electronic communications market, identifying the importance of "treatment" of state and regulatory policies, and their impact on the design, planning and management strategies of the market players. The case of Albania is breafly treated regarding to the aspects referred in topic, closely linked with desputes and their treatment, paying a special importance administrative settlement in procedural terms. Identification of regulatory effect, as potential to be measured and compared with analog markets, and services offered in these markets with other countries, regional, of EU, or wider and mainly in the aspect from they derive, which highly propable are connected to services offered - their tariff - quality products / services. Briefly on the importance of effective competition and its impact on the number of disputes arising in such a market, considering liberalization as factor of market as fundamental aspect in the development of the market, increasing the number of providers of products / services and legal remedies forecast with specific criteria that maximize protection of users of products / services offered.

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