Study of rice root distribution patterns for breeding of drought tolerant varieties

Abstract Root growth and development is one of the morphological characters which related to drought tolerant traits. This study aims to evaluate the root distribution pattern of 30 rice genotypes to support the breeding of drought tolerant varieties. The research was conducted in ICRR greenhouse in Sukamandi, Subang, Indonesia from October to December 2015. Thirty rice genotypes, consisting of cultivars, promising lines (prior to be released as new varieties), and check varieties, were arranged using randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed were planted in mini pots containing a mixture of sand and soil media with a concave sieve at the top. The filter is divided into three zones, namely upper (1), middle (2), and lower (3). The pot was placed in a plastic box filled with water to maintain the humidity. The results showed that Mekongga had the number of tillers, the number of fresh leaves, the number of roots in zone 1, and the total number of roots significantly higher than the best check variety, Salumpikit. In this study, it was found that the amount of metaxylem between genotypes was different. Salumpikit has the most metaxylem among other genotypes. Further research is expected to be carried out both in drought and optimum condition as a control to see the correlation between root architecture with drought tolerance in the field.

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Priming Benih Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dengan Zn untuk Meningkatkan Vigor Bibit pada Cekaman Terendam

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v44i1.12486 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Sulaiman Sulaiman ◽

Rujito Agus Suwignyo ◽

Mery Hasmeda ◽

Andi Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Seedling Vigor ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Submergence Stress ◽

Soil Media ◽

Rice Genotypes

Seed priming has been widely used to improve seedling vigor of several crops such as corn, wheat, and rice. Seed priming with zinc to increase seedling tolerance on submergence stress had never been evaluated. The objective of this research was to identify agronomical and physiological characteristics of several rice genotypes during seedling stage at submergence stress following zinc priming treatment. This research used factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was rice genotypes and second factor was zinc solution of ZnSO4.7H2O. Seeds were soaked with Zn solution at different concentrations namely 0, 2.5, dan 5.0 mM respectively for 24 hours. After that the seeds were germinated on soil media in side the plastic box. Fourteen days-old seedling were submerged in water for 5 days and then return to normal condition for recovery. Parameters being observed included seedling dry weight, shoot carbohydrate, and leaves chlorophyl which were measured after 10 days of recovery. Seedling height was measured once a week from 2nd to 4th week. Results showed that intolerant genotypes to submergence stress grew faster but seedling dry weight, shoot carbohydrate and leaves chlorophyll content were lower compared to those tolerant genotypes. Local and national varieties which were not tolerant to submergence stress could be improved by priming treatment with 5.0mM zinc. Keywords: abiotic-stress, seeds- priming

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SALINITY TOLERANCE OF SEVERAL RICE GENOTYPES AT SEEDLING STAGE

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v18n2.2017.p63-68 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Heni Safitri ◽

Bambang Sapta Purwoko ◽

Iswari Saraswati Dewi ◽

Sintho Wahyuning Ardie

Keyword(s):

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Future Research ◽

Nutrient Culture ◽

Two Factors ◽

Check Variety ◽

Rice Genotypes

Salinity is one of the most serious problems in rice cultivation. Salinity drastically reduced plant growth and yield, especially at seedling stage. Several rice genotypes have been produced, but their tolerance to salinity has not yet been evaluated. The study aimed to evaluate salinity tolerance of rice genotypes at seedling stage. The glasshouse experiment was conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Station, Bogor, from April to May 2013. Thirteen rice genotypes and two check varieties, namely Pokkali (salt tolerant) and IR29 (salt sensitive) were tested at seedling stage. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications and two factors, namely the levels of NaCl (0 and 120 mM) and 13 genotypes of rice. Rice seedlings were grown in the nutrient culture (hydroponic) supplemented with NaCl at different levels. The growth and salinity injury levels of the genotypes were recorded periodically. The results showed that salinity level of 120 mM NaCl reduced seedling growth of all rice genotypes, but the tolerant ones were survived after 14 days or until the sensitive check variety died. Based on the visual injury symptoms on the leaves, five genotypes, i.e. Dendang, Inpara 5, Inpari 29, IR77674-3B-8-2-2-14-4-AJY2, and IR81493-BBB-6-B- 2-1-2 were tolerant to 120 mM salinity level, while Inpara 4 was comparable to salt sensitive IR29. Hence, Inpara 4 could be used as a salinity sensitive genotype for future research of testing tolerant variety. Further evaluation is needed to confirm their salinity tolerance under field conditions.

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Growth and yield of new hybrid rice in irrigated and rain-fed lowlands

Highlights in BioScience ◽

10.36462/h.biosci.20217 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

La Ode Afa ◽

Bambang S. Purwoko ◽

A. Junaedi ◽

Oteng Haridjaja ◽

Iswari S. Dewi

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Rice Genotypes

Two experiments were conducted at (i) irrigated lowland, village of Bojong, Cikembar, Sukabumi Sub-district, Indonesia, from November 2011 to February 2012, and (ii) rain-fed lowland, village of Sanca, Gantar sub-district, Indramayu, Indonesia, from April to July 2012. The objective of the experiment was to determine the yield of drought-tolerant hybrid rice genotypes. A randomized block design with three replications was used. The treatment consisted of 8 hybrid rice genotypes (BI485A/BP3, BI485A/BP5, BI485A/BP10, BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15, BI599A/BP5, BI599A/BP15 and BI665A/BP6) and 2 check varieties (Hipa 7 and Ciherang) for the experiment in irrigated lowland, 4 hybrid genotypes (BI485A/BP3, BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15 and BI599A/BP15) and 3 check varieties (Hipa 7, IR64 and Limboto) for the experiment in rain-fed lowland. On irrigated lowland, all tested-genotypes produced grain yield per hectare, which was not significantly different from the check varieties Ciherang and HIPA 7. The yield of genotype BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15 and BI559A/BP15 under irrigated lowland showed non-significant different with check varieties Ciherang and Hipa 7, i.e 5.63, 6.87, and 6.30 tons ha-1, respectively. Genotype BI599A/BP15 under severe drought rain-fed lowland yielded 0.90 tons of grain ha-1, whereas Hipa 7 (hybrid variety, suitable for rain-fed lowland) and Limboto (drought-tolerant check variety) reached 0.34 and 0.29 tons ha-1, respectively. Genotype BI599A/BP15 is a new hybrid genotype that potential for advanced development in rain-fed lowland and in irrigated lowland with a high yield potential and quiet early-maturity age.

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Distinguishing Rice Genotypes using Morphological, Agronomical,

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan ◽

10.21082/jpptp.v34n2.2015.p79-87 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Untung Susanto ◽

Nofi Anisatun Rohmah ◽

Made Jana Mejaya

Keyword(s):

Ssr Markers ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Complete Data ◽

Property Right ◽

Wet Season ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Genotypes

Complete data on characteristics of a rice variety is very important to race the authenticity of the variety at the field. Sometimes a name of a variety had changed, due to the informal seed distribution among farmers. This could become problem in the property right of the variety. Distinguishing among rice varieties using only morphological and agronomical traits are sometimes not sufficient. Currently, molecular markers such as SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) and SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers have become available and are powerfull to distinguish rice genotypes. This research was aimed to distinguish nine rice varieties grown by farmers, using morphological characters (47 traits), agronomical characters (9 traits), SSR markers (12 primer pairs, related with important traits of rice plant), and 384 SNP markers, and to compare the effectiveness of each technique in distinguishing among genotypes. A field experiment was conducted in Ranca Jaya village, Patok Beusi, Subang, West Java during Wet Season (WS) of 2011/2012, using a Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. A modified CTAB method was used to extract DNA for detection using 12 SSR markers and 384 SNP markers. The results revealed that the use of SSR markers that were linked to certain genes was more accurate than that of the SNP markers, agronomic, and morphological characters, in distinguishing differences among the 9 rice genotypes. The complete data of morphologic, agronomic, and molecular are useful to distinguish the authenticity of a variety in order to protect the intelectual property right attached on the variety.

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Association of Physiological Responses and Root Distribution Patterns to Ratooning Ability and Yield of the Second Ratoon Cane in Sugarcane Elite Clone

10.20944/preprints201812.0287.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Saranya Chumphu ◽

Nuntawoot Jongrungklang ◽

Patcharin Songsri

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Root Distribution ◽

Block Design ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Cane Yield ◽

Soil Layers

The objective of this study was to determine the association of physiological responses and root distribution patterns on yield of the second ratoon cane and the relationships among these traits. Seventeen sugarcane genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The second ratoon crop was evaluated for germination percentage, cane yield, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content (RWC), specific leaf area (SLA) and stomatal conductance. Root length density (RLD) was evaluated by auger method. The root samples were divided into upper soil layer and lowers soil layers to study root distribution patterns. Sugarcane genotypes were significantly different for RLD, germination percentage and cane yield. Root distribution patterns were classified into three groups based on the RLD. High RLD between plants in the upper soil layers at 90 DAH was positively correlated with high germination, whereas high RLD between rows in the lower soil layers at 90 and 270 DAH was associated with high cane yield. RWC at 90 DAH and stomatal conductance at 180 DAH were closely related to germination percentage, whereas chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal conductance at 180 DAH were closely related to cane yield.

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Adaptation of Promising Rice Genotypes for Broadcast Aus Season

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v23i2.48246 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 35-48

Author(s):

B Karmakar ◽

MAA Mamun ◽

MS Rahman ◽

MA Islam ◽

MR Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Growth Duration ◽

Spikelet Sterility ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Check Variety ◽

Rice Genotypes

Rice cultivation in Aus season is eco-friendly and essential for sustainable food security of Bangladesh utilizing rain water rather than extracting underground water. Four rice genotypes (BR6855-3B-12, BR6855-3B-13, BR6848-3B-12 and BR6976-2B-11-1) along with check variety BRRI dhan43 were evaluated at farmers’ field during broadcast Aus season. The objectives were to investigate the adaptability of the rice genotypes and find out promising genotype(s) for Broadcast Aus rice. The experiment was conducted at farmers’ field in eight agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh. Randomized complete block design (RCB) was used with three replications. Standard and uniform management practices were followed for all the locations. Data were taken on grain yield, days to 80% maturity, plant height, panicles m-2, 1000-grain weight, grains panicle-1, spikelet sterility (%), Phenotypic acceptance at vegetative and maturity stage, pest incidence; feedback of farmers and extension personnel. Genotypes, environments and interaction of genotypes by environments had significant effect on grain yield, yield components and agronomic parameters. Analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between the check (control) and improved genotypes except the genotype BR6976-2B-11-1 which was similar with the check BRRI dhan43 for all parameters. Correlation analysis was also performed to establish extent of association between yield and major yield components. Grain yield positively and significantly correlated with the agronomic parameters except spikelet sterility. Across the locations, BR6848-3B-12 produced significantly the highest grain yield (4.88 t ha-1) at Feni while the lowest grain yield (1.58 t ha-1) was obtained in BR6976-2B-11-1 followed by BRRI dhan43 (1.64 t ha-1) at Kushtia. BR6848-3B-12 showed yield advantage of 1.0 t ha-1 over the check variety BRRI dhan43 with similar growth duration (104 day). AMMI stability value, yield stability index and GGE Bi-plot model indicated that BR6855-3B-12 is the most adaptable, suitable and stable genotype for broadcast Aus rice across the locations, and finally it is released in 2017 as BRRI dhan83 for broadcast Aus season. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 35-48

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Variation in Morphological Characters and Yield Attributes of Five Selected Soybean Genotypes

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26873 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 93-96

Author(s):

D Sultana ◽

MN Bari ◽

MA Karim ◽

MAB Mia ◽

RR Sarker

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Size ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Check Variety ◽

100 Seed Weight

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during November 2013 to March 2014. Four soybean genotypes i.e BU Soybean1, BD2329, BD2331, AGS313 and a check variety BARI Soybean 6 were used to evaluate their variations in morphological characters and yield attributes. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The highest LAI (4.4) was found in genotype AGS313 and the smallest was found in BU Soyabean1. The highest pod size of 625 mg pod-1 was found in AGS313 while the lowest of 340 mg pod-1 was observed in BU Soybean1. Although BU Soyabean1 had smaller seed size but it had higher number of pods plant-1 (32.1) compared to other genotypes. The maximum 100-seed weight was recorded in AGS313 (16.34 g) and the minimum was obtained from the genotype BU Soybean1 (11.0 g). AGS313 genotype contributed to the highest grain yield of 4.29 tha-1, while BU Soyabean1 stood second position contributing 2.65 tha-1. Results also indicated that not only seed size but also number of pods plant-1 contributed to grain yield. Again there were highly significant differences among genotypes for all the characters.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 93-96 2015

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Performance of hybrid Boro rice in coastal area of Bangladesh

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v30i2.42511 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 186-193

Author(s):

R Mahmood ◽

MHK Howlader ◽

MZ Haque

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Coastal Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Research Field ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Area Index ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Boro Rice

The present experiment was conducted at the research field of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Patuakhali to evaluate the Performance of hybrid boro rice (genotypes) in coastal area of Bangladesh. The experiment consisted of five rice varieties as treatment such as Arize Tej, Tea Sakti, Shathi and BRRI Dhan 28. Data were collected on morphological characters such as plant height, number of leaves plant-1 and leaf area hill-1, growth characters such as leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR), yield and yield components such as number of effective tillers hill-1,number of non effective tillers hill-1, panicle length, number of filled grains panicle-1, number of unfilled grains panicle-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index (%) were recorded. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. The collected data were analyzed statistically and means were adjudged by DMRT at 5% level of probability. Among the five varieties the Arize Tej gave the highest performance. From the above investigated results, it was observed that the Arize Tej was the most efficient for better growth and higher yield of hybrid boro rice genotypes grown in coastal area of Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture 30 (2): 186-193, 2019

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Association of Physiological Responses and Root Distribution Patterns of Ratooning Ability and Yield of the Second Ratoon Cane in Sugarcane Elite Clones

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9040200 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saranya Chumphu ◽

Nuntawoot Jongrungklang ◽

Patcharin Songsri

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Root Distribution ◽

Root Length Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Cane Yield ◽

Soil Layers

Poor ratooning ability for sugarcane can limit crop productivity and profitability of sugarcane growers. The objective of this study was to determine the association of physiological responses and root distribution patterns on the yield of the second ratoon cane, and the relationships between these traits. Seventeen sugarcane genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The second ratoon crop was evaluated for germination percentage, cane yield, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content (RWC), specific leaf area (SLA), and stomatal conductance. Root length density (RLD) was evaluated through the auger method. The root samples were divided into upper and lower soil layers in order to study root distribution patterns. Sugarcane genotypes were significantly different for RLD, germination percentage, and cane yield. Root distribution patterns were classified into three groups based on the RLD. High RLD between plants in the upper soil layers at 90 days after harvest (DAH) was positively correlated with high germination, whereas high RLD between rows in the lower soil layers at 90 and 270 DAH was associated with high cane yield. RWC at 90 DAH and stomatal conductance at 180 DAH were closely related to germination percentage, whereas chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal conductance at 180 DAH were closely related to cane yield.

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Relicts from Glacial Times: The Ground Beetle Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Austrian Alps

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12010084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Wolfgang Paill ◽

Stephan Koblmüller ◽

Thomas Friess ◽

Barbara-Amina Gereben-Krenn ◽

Christian Mairhuber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ground Beetle ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Ice Age ◽

Dispersal Ability ◽

Austrian Alps ◽

Alpine Regions ◽

Extant Species ◽

Limited Dispersal

The last ice age considerably influenced distribution patterns of extant species of plants and animals, with some of them now inhabiting disjunct areas in the subarctic/arctic and alpine regions. This arctic-alpine distribution is characteristic for many cold-adapted species with a limited dispersal ability and can be found in many invertebrate taxa, including ground beetles. The ground beetle Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823 of the subgenus Bothriopterus was previously known to have a holarctic-circumpolar distribution, in Europe reaching its southern borders in Wales and southern Scandinavia. Here, we report the first findings of this species from the Austrian Ötztal Alps, representing also the southernmost edge of its currently known distribution, confirmed by the comparison of morphological characters to other Bothriopterus species and DNA barcoding data. Molecular data revealed a separation of the Austrian and Finish specimens with limited to no gene flow at all. Furthermore, we present the first data on habitat preference and seasonality of P. adstrictus in the Austrian Alps.

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