scholarly journals The habitat characteristics of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in the forest of Serbajadi sub-district Aceh Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012055
Author(s):  
Abdullah ◽  
Supriadi ◽  
D Syafrianti ◽  
Khairil ◽  
A M Daud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Forest Vegetation Type

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the habitat characteristics of the Sumatran Elephant in the Serbajadi District Forest. Data collection by looking at the use of habitat which is characterized by the distribution of faeces found in various habitat units in the home range of the Sumatran Elephant. The method used is observation with a track with a size of 3,600 m which is divided into 20 observation plots with a distance between plots of 100 m. The data obtained in the field were analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. The results of this study indicate that the Habitat Characteristics of the Sumatran Elephant in the Serbajadi District Forest chose habitat units with very dense canopy cover (>75%), moderate feed availability (26-50%), rare mineral source trees availability (< 3 trees/plot). availability of sparse scrubbing trees (<3 trees/plot), close to primary forest (0-500 m), low land elevation (0- 400 masl), gentle slope (0-20°), close to water sources (0-250m). Secondary forest/vegetation type and frequency of habitat use based on the findings of faeces that the Sumatran elephant most frequently visited was secondary forest than primary forest because the secondary forest was for feeding activities while the primary forest was used for resting and reproduction.

Effects of Cyclone Waka on flying foxes (Pteropus tonganus) in the Vava'u Islands of Tonga

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim R. McConkey ◽  
Donald R. Drake ◽  
Janet Franklin ◽  
Filipe Tonga
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
Pteropus Tonganus ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Flying Fox

Severe tropical cyclones are a major cause of episodic mortality for Pacific Island flying foxes (large fruit bats). Many flying foxes starve after forests are stripped of food sources, and hunting by humans may also increase in the post-cyclone period. In December 2001, Cyclone Waka passed directly over the Vava'u Islands in the Kingdom of Tonga, western Polynesia. We visited the islands 6 mo later to survey the flying fox (Pteropus tonganus) population and assess availability of potential food items (fruit and flower) in primary, secondary and plantation forests. Less than 20% of the pre-cyclone bat population (surveyed in 1999–2001) remained 6 mo after the storm. The density of potential food trees in flower or fruit at this time was only 15% of pre-cyclone density, and the main species available were different in the two time periods. The highest density of potential food trees occurred in secondary forest (26 flowering or fruiting trees ha−1) and plantations (23 ha−1); primary forest offered the least food (18 ha−1). Since 65–70% of the land area has been converted to agricultural plantations, this vegetation type had the highest absolute number of food-bearing trees – almost seven times that of primary forest. Flowering coconuts (Cocos nucifera) were the most abundant food source overall and we suggest that this species may be important in sustaining flying foxes following severe storms.

scholarly journals Conflict between human and wild Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847) in Aceh Province, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
INDIRA NURUL QOMARIAH ◽  
TUTIA RAHMI ◽  
ZURAIDAH SAID ◽  
ARIEF WIJAYA
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Entropy Analysis ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
Mitigation Action ◽  
Main Factor

Qomariah IN, Rahmi T, Said Z, Wijaya A. 2019. Conflict between human and wild Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847) in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 77-84. Aceh Province has the largest habitat for Sumatran elephant. However, the elephant population in the province keeps decreasing due to frequent conflict with humans. This study aimed to observe the trend and pattern of Human-elephant Conflict (HEC) in Aceh, as well as the main causes driving the conflict. To collect information, we carried out desk study, secondary data collection, and interviews with relevant actors in Aceh Jaya, Pidie, and Aceh Timur District. We collected data of HEC during the 2012-2017 period in 16 districts across Aceh. The result shows that during the six years, there were 262 HEC cases occurred in Aceh, where Aceh Timur and Aceh Jaya contributed the highest number of HEC incidence, with 47 and 44 cases respectively. Maximum Entropy analysis shows that the main factor causing the conflict is “Distance from the human settlement” with 84.7% contribution, followed by “Primary forest loss” (14.1% contribution). From the findings, we suggest reforestation in areas that becomes elephant home range and creation of barriers within the conservation forest boundaries. Moreover, HEC mitigation action should also be incorporated in provincial spatial planning (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah - Provinsi) to minimize further economic loss and wildlife extinction.

scholarly journals Abiotic features of a river from the Upper Tietê River Basin (SP, Brazil) along an environmental gradient

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Eichbaum Esteves ◽  
Ana Valéria Pinto Lôbo ◽  
Alexandre Wagner Silva Hilsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Tietê River ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation

Aim: This study aimed to assess the spatial and seasonal variation of the water quality and physical habitat characteristics along the upper-middle stretch of the Paraitinga River, a tributary of Tietê River, considering the potential influence of different riparian conditions along the stretch studied.MethodsSixteen sites with different riparian vegetation, including native forest, secondary forest, pasture, and eucalyptus were sampled during the dry and rainy seasons of 2004/2005, before the damming of the Paraitinga Reservoir. Several physicochemical and habitat parameters were determined and data analyzed in relation to spatial distribution and potential influence of riparian conditions.ResultsWater quality parameters were in general within the limits established by CONAMA for Class 2 waters, except for turbidity and total phosphorus. There were seasonal and spatial differences in the limnological parameters along the stretch studied and apparently they were related to point specific influences associated with land use and canopy cover. Habitat characteristics were markedly different between the upper and middle river stretches, especially in relation to depth, width, substrate and canopy cover.ConclusionsAlthough a direct influence on the observed variables could not be attributed solely to the riparian vegetation, vegetation cover seemed to affect particular stream characteristics. Open pasture and eucalyptus sites were subject to point specific effects that caused phosphorus inputs and higher turbidity and temperature, and showed different morphological features, suggesting that land use at the sub-watershed scale was an important factor affecting stream conditions.

scholarly journals Habitat Characteristics and Amphibians Conservation in Lombok Island

Biota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syazali ◽  
Agil Al Idrus ◽  
Gito Hadprayitno
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Bufo Melanostictus ◽  
Lombok Island

The previous study stated that there are 12 species of Amphibians found in Lombok Island, Indonesia. Four of which are the endemic species of Lesser Sunda Islands, namely Oreophryne monticola, Limnonectes kadarsani, Limnonectes dammermani dan Hylarana florensis. However, the information regarding the habitat characteristic which supports animal survival is limited. This study aimed to explore the types of habitat characteristics according to amphibian diversity in the Island of Lombok. The survey study was conducted at 9 locations (3 of habitat type) from March to July 2016. The collected data includes species composition and a sum of individuals of species. Amphibian diversity was analyzed using relative abundance and the Shannon-Wiener index. This study revealed that the nonforest habitat type was appropriate for five species, while secondary and primary forest habitat type was appropriate for seven species. Diversity of species index directly proportional to a natural level of habitat (H’ Nonforest = 1.3; H’ Secondary Forest = 1.7; H’ Primary Forest = 1.8). The highest species abundance was Bufo melanostictus (23.9%), and the lowest species abundance was Oreophryne monticola (0.9%). According to the distribution and relative abundance, the species that require conservation priorities are Oreophryne monticola and Hylarana florensis.

scholarly journals Keragaman Spesies Tersangka Vektor Filariasis Berdasarkan Tipe Habitat dan Ekosistem di Kabupaten Sarmi Provinsi Papua

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Milana Salim ◽  
Mara Ipa` ◽  
Olwin Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Anopheles Farauti ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
Filariasis Vector

Filariasis is one of the diseases that require a vector for the transmission process. Information on the determinants of filariasis transmission related to vectors is needed as a basis for control efforts. Further analysis of Vektora Research in 2015 was conducted in order to identify the diversity species of suspected filariasis vector and the environmental characteristics in Sarmi District of Papua Province. Data on mosquito catching, habitat type, and environment each ecosystem analyzed. Filariasis suspect vector species in Sarmi Regency Papua Province obtained were four genus with nine species. These vector/suspect filariasis vector were Anopheles farauti, An. koliensis, An. pediateniatus, An. punctulatus, An. tesselatus, An. subalbatus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Mansonia dives, and Ma. papuensis. Four specific habitat characteristics were found in the mosquito-data collecting sites: primary forest, secondary forest, shrubs, and grass/brown/grassland habitat. Anopheles farauti is a species found abundantly in all specific habitats. Based on the ecosystem, Cx. quinquefasciatus dominates the urban ecosystems of non-forest settlements and beaches near settlements, while An. farauti is found in forests settlements, remote forest settlements, non-remote forest settlements, distant coastal settlements, and beaches near settlements.

scholarly journals Perilaku Menggaram Gajah Sumatera (Elephas Maximus Sumatranus) Dan Kandungan Garam Mineral Pada Saltlicks Di Resort Pemerihan Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Dea Andhari Resphaty ◽  
Sugeng P. Harianto ◽  
Bainah Sari Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Alternative Sources

Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) requires mineral salts to the body's metabolic processes which can be obtained from the vegetation feed. Mineral deficiencies in plants causes elephants seek other alternative sources such as lick and eat soil that contains salt. This research was done due to lack information about salting behavior and mineral salt content in the saltlicks. The aims of these research were to analyze  the salting behavior of Sumatran elephants and to find out mineral salt content of the soil in the saltlicks. The research was done on January 2015 in TNBBS Pemerihan Resort. The research methods of salting behavior used descriptive analysis, mineral content analysis used Microwafe Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES) supported by key person interview and literature studies. The results of this study indicate that salting behavior of Yongki (0,08%) of total daily behavior, the source of salt obtained from soil and mud on riparian, cliffs, primary forest, secondary forest and meadow. Salting was done by taking directly using trunk and put into the mouth. The results of the analyzed of mineral salt content in the soil there are Ca (0.190%), Mg (0,013%), K (0.158%). In the mud Ca (0,323%), Mg (0.405%) and K (0.233%). Elephant more prefer to the mud because mineral content in the mud is higher than soil.  Keywords:       Sumatran elephants, salting behavior, saltlicks, mineral salt content of the soil, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park

Spider diversity in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ((suppl.1)) ◽  
pp. 209-243
Author(s):  
J.K.H. Koh ◽  
D.J. Court
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New Records ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
First Time

This paper discusses the preliminary results of the first comprehensive survey of the spiders of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) in Singapore. Two plots were established in each of the three zones of vegetation, viz., primary forest, old secondary forest, and maturing secondary forest. They were repeatedly sampled over an 18-month period. Sorting of the collection so far suggests that the three vegetation zones harbour rather different spider assemblages. Only ~9% of the total spider fauna recovered was shared by all three zones. The results have also yielded a preliminary picture of dominance, abundance and rarity. Although first intended to obtain a baseline for future quantitative analyses, the survey became a testing ground to modify and refine methodology so as to conduct future quantitative surveys with greater scientific rigour. Taxonomic work on the samples so far shows that the spiders in the BTNR span over 43 families, of which six families are listed for the first time in Singapore. The tally is summarised in an interim checklist of BTNR spiders. The checklist, with a total of 317 entries, shows that there are 158 described species of spiders in BTNR, of which 25 species are new records for Singapore. Another 159 morphospecies are provisionally recognised as distinct species, some of which may be new to science. Our observations during the survey have allowed us to provide a narrative of BTNR spider diversity against a backdrop of their microhabitat specialisation.

MANAJEMEN DATA SPASIAL: PENGGUNAAN TANAH WILAYAH PEDESAAN DI SUMATERA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Afrital Rezki, S.Pd., M.Si ◽  
Erna Juita ◽  
Dasrizal Dasrizal ◽  
Arie Zella Putra Ulni
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Mixed Plantations

Perkembangan penggunaan tanah bergerak horisontal secara spasial ke arah wilayah yang mudah diusahakan. Penggunaan tanah juga bergerak secara vertikal dalam rangka menaikkan mutunya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola penggunaan lahan, bagaimana manajemen penggunaan lahan di satu wilayah berdasarkan batas Nagari. Metode yang digunakan adalah analsisis spasial dengan interpretasi citra penginderaan jauh, survey lapangan, dan analisis deskriptif. Pertumbuhan pemukiman Nagari Sungai Sariak Kecamatan VII Koto Kabupaten Padang Pariaman mengakibatkan pemanfaatan ruang menjadi tumpang tindih. Diperlukan cara-cara pengelolaan dan managemen penggunaan tanah dalam rangka pembangunan berkelanjutan yang menaikkan taraf hidup masyarakat dan tidak menimbulkan kerugian lingkungan.Terdapat 9 jenis penggunaan lahan yang ada di Nagari Sungai Sariak. Penggunaan lahan tersebut adalah Primary Forest, Secondary Forest, Paddy Field, Settlement, Mixed Plantations, Crop Fields, Water Bodies, Bushes, dan Plantations. Penggunaan lahan yang paling luas di Nagari Sungai Sariak adalah jenis penggunaan lahan Primary Forest, sebesar 48% dari total luas wilayah Nagari Sungai Sariak. Pada tahun 2011 sampai tahun 2016, penggunaan lahan paling luas terjadi pada penggunaan lahan jenis Primary Forest yang kemudian menjadi Mixed Plantations. Land use Changes moved horizontally spatially towards areas that are easily cultivated. The land use also moves vertically in order to increase its quality. This study aims to analyze land use patterns, how land use management in one area is based on Nagari boundaries. The method used is spatial analysis with interpretation of remote sensing images, field surveys, and descriptive analysis. The growth of Nagari Sungai Sariak in Kecamatan VII Koto, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman resulted in overlapping use of space. Management methods are needed and management of land use in the framework of sustainable development that raises the standard of living of the community and does not cause environmental losses. There are 9 types of land use in the Nagari Sungai Sariak. The land uses are Primary Forest, Secondary Forest, Paddy Field, Settlement, Mixed Plantations, Crop Fields, Water Bodies, Bushes, and Plantations. The most extensive land use in Nagari Sungai Sariak is the type of Primary Forest land use, amounting to 48% of the total area of the Nagari Sungai Sariak. From 2011 to 2016, the most extensive land use occurred in Primary Forest land uses which later became Mixed Plantations.

scholarly journals Responses of Bat Communities (Mammalia: Chiroptera) to Forest Loss and Habitat Conversion in Southern Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292110103
Author(s):  
Patrick Jules Atagana ◽  
Eric Moïse Bakwo Fils ◽  
Sevilor Kekeunou
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Cameroon ◽  
Habitat Conversion ◽  
Species Specific

We aimed to assess how bats are affected by habitat transformation by comparing bat assemblages in four habitat types: primary forest, secondary forest, cocoa plantations and human habitations in the Dja Biosphere Reserve of southern Cameroon. Bats were sampled in the four habitat types using mist nets. During 126 nights, a total of 413 bats were captured, belonging to four families, 16 genera and 24 species. Ninety three individuals (17 species) were captured in the primary forest, followed by plantations (105 individuals, 14 species), human habitations (159 individuals, 10 species), and secondary forest (55 individuals, eight species). Megaloglossus woermanni was recorded in all the four habitats, and was the most abundant species (105 individuals). The analysis of bat assemblage between habitat types showed a statistically significant difference in species composition. The distribution of the six most abundant species ( Epomops franqueti, Megaloglossus woermanni, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Dohyrina cyclops, Hipposideros cf. caffer and Hipposideros cf. ruber) was influenced by habitat types. Our results suggest that the decrease in species richness observed in disturbed habitats may be due to habitat perturbations of primary forest habitats. Therefore, it is important to examine the effects of habitat conversion at species level, as responses are often species-specific.

Light or presence of host trees: which is more important for the strangler fig?

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya R. Athreya
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Main Host

Strangler fig density varied considerably in the evergreen forest of Karian Shola National Park, southern India, with 11 individuals ha−1 in an open trail area and 5.6 individuals ha−1 within the primary forest area. The index of light level was assessed by estimating the percentage of upper canopy cover along the longitudinal centre of ten, 500-m × 20-m plots in each of the two areas of the evergreen forest. However, the increase in strangler fig density was not correlated to light levels but was significantly correlated to the numbers of their main host species in the two areas. In Karian Shola National Park, strangler figs occurred predominantly on a few host species with 20 and 50% of strangler figs growing on Vitex altissima, Diospyros bourdilloni and Eugenia/Syzygium spp. in the primary forest and trail areas respectively. Both young and established strangler figs were recorded mainly on larger individuals of their host trees indicating that older host trees are likely to be more suitable for the germination and establishment of strangler figs. The reason for the above could be the higher incidence of humus-filled and decaying regions in the older host trees which would provide an assured supply of nutrients for the establishing strangler fig.

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