scholarly journals The Use of Fermented Typha Domingensis Residues by Pleurotus Ostreatus as A bio-Fortification to Control Root Disease on Cucumber Caused by Rhizoctonia Solani

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
Salam Hakem Bread Al-Absawy ◽  
Jamal Hussein Kahdim ◽  
Ali Ajil Jassim Al-Haidery
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Typha Domingensis ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Seeds Germination

Abstract Cucumber is one of important crops and susceptible to root disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of two isolates of P. ostreatus (Ah and Ak) and soil treatment with several rates of Typha domingensis residues fermented by P. ostreatus to control R. solani that causes root diseases on cucumbers. In vitro trails, R. solani inhibited significantly by isolate (Ah) as well as redial mycelial growth and the percentage of cucumber seeds germination. In field trails, the number of germinated seedlings was highest at fermented T. domingensis 59.81 compare to control treatment which was 59.81. Disease severity (DS) of root damage was recorded in R. solani and R. solani + Fermented T. domingensis treatments and reached 70.4 and 64.27 respectively.

scholarly journals Trichoderma asperellum (NST-009): A Possible Thai Native Antagonistic Fungus for Managing White Root Disease of Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athakorn Promwee ◽  
Warin Intana ◽  
Thanet Khomphet
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Antifungal Metabolite ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Mycelial Development

Background: Rigidoporus microporus causes white root disease, which is one of the most harmful diseases in rubber trees in Thailand. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of T. asperellum NST-009 and its antifungal metabolite in inhibiting R. microporus mycelial development and efficacy of T. asperellum NST-009 in controlling white root disease of rubber trees in an open-field house experiment. Methods: Four native strains of T. asperellum from Nakhon Si Thammarat Province and a commercial strain of Thailand were used in this study. This study was conducted at Agricultural Microbial Production and Service Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, during the period 2017-2020. Result: T. asperellum NST-009 significantly inhibited R. microporus mycelial growth by 77.07% in vitro and its antifungal metabolite from the culture filtrate of T. asperellum NST-009 inhibited mycelial growth by 92.31%. T. asperellum NST-009 reduced the disease severity index by 76.38% in the open-field house experiment compared to the inoculated control. Furthermore, T. asperellum NST-009 was found to survive in rhizosphere soil at 4.50 × 105 CFU/g soil and colonized the roots at 100.00%.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungal Metabolites and Amendments on Mycelial Growth of Rhizoctonia Solani

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Castor Cake

Effect of Fungal Metabolites and Amendments on Mycelial Growth ofRhizoctonia SolaniA shift towards organic farming suggests amalgamation of organic resources against soil borne plant pathogens. The influence of metabolites of most ubiquitousAspergillusspp., organic amendment extracts and their combined effect withTrichoderma virenswere evaluatedin vitroagainstRhizoctonia solani.The minimum (36.1 mm) growth was attained byR. solaniin co-culture withA. niger.The maximum (42.3 mm) inhibition of mycelial growth of the test organism was observed with culture filtrate ofA. ochraceousfollowed byA. niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavusandA. terreus.Among organic amendment extractants, castor cake exhibited an additive effect on the growth ofT. virens, however, the maximum (41.8 mm) suppressive effect onR. solaniwas observed with vermicompost. With the advance in time, the effect of organic amendment extracts increased markedly. Inhibition potential of culture filtrate mixturte ofA. niger+T. virensandA. ochraceous+T. virensagainstR. solaniwas significantly higher in comparison to the other combinations.

scholarly journals In vitro antifungal potential of plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaraju Cherkupally ◽  
Srinivasa Reddy Kota ◽  
Hindumathi Amballa ◽  
Bhumi Narasimha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of nine plants viz, Azadirachta indica, Parthenium hysterophorus, Momordica charantia, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus globules, Calotropis procera, Aloe vera, Beta vulgaris and Datura stramonium were assessed in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina, the soil borne phytopathogens. The assessment of fungitoxic effect was carried out by using three different concentrations i.e., 5, 10 and 20% against the test fungi, in terms of percentage of mycelial growth inhibition. The extract of A. sativum completely inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina at all the concentrations. The extracts of D. stramonium and E. globulus inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani of 72%, and 70.7% respectively at 20% concentration, that of A. sativum, E. globulus and D. stramonium exhibited inhibition percentage of 63.3%, 61.8% and 61.1% respectively at 20% concentration on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. The application of plant extracts for disease management could be less expensive, easily available, non-polluting and eco-friendly.

scholarly journals Effects of essential oils from thyme, cinnamon and clove on mycelial growth of Colletotrichum acutatum

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Duduk ◽  
Aleksa Obradovic ◽  
Mirko Ivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Volatile Phase ◽  
Vitro Effect

Effects of the volatile phase of thyme, cinnamon and clove essential oils on Colletotrichum acutatum were investigated. Mycelial disc was placed in the center of the Petri dish (V=66 ml) containing PDA. Different volumes of either non- or ethanol-diluted essential oils were placed on the inner side of the dish cover to obtain final concentrations of 153, 107, 76, 46, 15, 14, 12, 11, 7.6, 3.82, 1.53, 0.153 and 0.0153 ?l/L of air. The dishes were sealed with Parafilm and incubated in up-side-down position. After 7 days of incubation, mycelial growth was recorded by measuring the colony diameter. If no mycelial growth was recorded, the disc was transferred to a new PDA plate in order to evaluate whether the activity was either fungistatic or fungicidal. Mean growth values were obtained and then converted to inhibition percentage of mycelial growth compared with the control treatment. All the tested essential oils inhibited mycelial growth of C. acutatum in the dose dependent manner. Mycelial growth was totally inhibited by thyme oil in the concentration of 76 ?l/L of air. The same results were obtained by cinnamon and clove oil in the concentration of 107 ?l/L of air. Thyme and cinnamon oil had fungicidal effect in concentrations of 107 and 153 ?l/L respectively. The results obtained provide evidence on the antifungal in vitro effect of the tested essential oils as potential means for the control of C. acutatum.

scholarly journals In vitro mycelial sensitivity of Macrophomina phaseolina to fungicides

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane Fátima Baldiga Tonin ◽  
Aveline Avozani ◽  
Anderson Luiz Durante Danelli ◽  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
Sandra Maria Zoldan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Growth Evaluation ◽  
Fungus Growth ◽  
Ic50 Concentration

Black root rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tass.) Goid., is the most common root disease in soybean fields. This study aimed to determine the in vitro mycelial sensitivity, measured by the IC50 (concentration to inhibit 50% of the fungus mycelial growth) of a M. phaseolina isolate obtained from soybean, to different fungicides (thiram, iprodione, carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, fluquinconazol, tolyfluanid, metalaxyl and penflufen + trifloxystrobin), at six concentrations (0.01 mg L-1, 0.10 mg L-1, 1.00 mg L-1, 10.00 mg L-1, 20.00 mg L-1 and 40.00 mg L-1 of the active ingredient). The 0.00 mg L-1 concentration represented the control, without fungicide addition. The mycelial growth evaluation was performed with the aid of a digital pachymeter, by measuring the colonies diameter, when the fungus growth in the control treatment reached the Petri dish edge. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Concerning the fungitoxicity of active ingredients, a variation from non-toxic to highly fungitoxic was observed to the M. phaseolina isolate, with IC50 values ranging from 0.23 mg L-1 to > 40.00 mg L-1, being carbendazim the most efficient one (IC50 = 0.23 mg L-1). The fungus showed insensitivity to the active ingredients of fluquinconazole, metalaxyl, thiram and tolyfluanid.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) USING Curcuma longa (Linnaeus) EXTRACT AND EFFECT OF THIS EXTRACT ON RICE SEED PHYSIOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
KEILOR DA ROSA DORNELES ◽  
PAULO CESAR PAZDIORA ◽  
FÁBIO JÚNIOR ARAÚJO SILVA ◽  
RENATA MOCCELLIN ◽  
CÂNDIDA RENATA JACOBSEN FARIAS
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Seed Physiology ◽  
Seed Germination Test

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the use of Curcuma longa (Linnaeus) extract in the in vitro control of Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) and to characterize the effect of this extract on rice seed germination. A completely randomized arranged in a factorial experimental design was used: three isolates of B. oryzae from rice seed from different rice-growing regions of Rio Grande do Sul (Fronteira Oeste, Campanha, and Sul) were tested with three concentrations (20, 40, and 80 mg/mL) of C. longa plus a control treatment (0 mg/mL). Each reaction was repeated in quadruplicate. The effect of the extract upon the disease development was evaluated based on mycelial growth (PMG) and spore production; rice seed germination was evaluated using a germination test (Germitest®). The PMG results demonstrate that the treatments were effective in reducing PMG, with a stronger response observed as the concentration of the extract increased. An average inhibition of 84% of sporulation was observed for the tested strains compared with the control treatment. There were, however, no significant differences in terms of seed germination test with the different C. longa concentrations. Therefore, treatment of rice seeds with C. longa extract does not affect seed germination but positively inhibits mycelial growth and sporulation, affecting the in vitro sporulation of the different isolates of B. oryzae.

Evaluation of Ammonium Bicarbonate for Control of Soilborne Peanut Pathogens

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
A. S. Csinos ◽  
P. M. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight

Abstract Ammonium bicarbonate was evaluated for efficacy against southern stem rot and Sclerotinia blight of peanut in Georgia and Virginia, respectively. In vitro studies indicated the material provided little inhibition of mycelial growth by Sclerotinia minor and Sclerotium rolfsii, and negligible inhibition of mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4. However, ammonium bicarbonate did effectively inhibit formation of sclerotia by S. rolfsii in vitro. In the field, it was phytotoxic when applied as a granule or as a foliar spray and in general was not effective in controlling disease or increasing pod yield.

scholarly journals The Application of Manure (Poultry Wests) and Bio-Formulations of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride and Their Interaction to Control Root-knot Disease on Radish and Chard

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Nuha A. Al-Zehebawi ◽  
Dhia S. Al-Waily ◽  
Labeed A. Al-Saad
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Green House ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Positive Treatment

The study was designed to examine the effect of manure (poultry wastes) and bio-formulations of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride separately or with some, to control root-knot disease on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and chard (Beta vulagaris var.cicla (L.)). The study included the isolation of pathogenic nematode of both plant roots, morphological and molecular identification, examination of the pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo and green house experiments involved application of manure and fungal bio-formulations treatments. The morphological and molecular identification confirmed the identity of root-knot nematode, as Meloidogyne javanica, which was pathogenic to radish and chard. The recorded infection severity was 89 and 95% respectively. The green house experiment results revealed that MThTv treatment was significantly reduced infection severity to 0% for radish and chard in contaminated soil (CS) compared with control positive treatment (55.17 and 40%) respectively. MThTv treatment also showed a highest plant height for Radish in non-nematode-contaminated soil (NCS) and CS treatment (17.85 and 16.50 cm) respectively compared with control positive treatment (5.00 cm), while the highest plant height of Chard was 24.5 cm in MThTv-NCS. The wet weight index in Radish showed a superiority of MThTv and MTh in NC on other treatments (201.75 and 189.5 g.plant-1) respectively followed by MThTv-NCS treatment (184.5 g.plant-1) compared with 19.25 gm.plant-1 in control treatment. In Chard the results showed similar pattern represented by superiority of MThTv-NC treatment (255.25 gm.plant-1) followed by MThTv-NCS (190.75 gm.plant-1) compared with 37.50 gm/plant for positive control.

scholarly journals RhizosphericBacillus subtilisExhibits Biocontrol Effect againstRhizoctonia solaniin Pepper(Capsicum annuum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Huang ◽  
Zhansheng Wu ◽  
Yanhui He ◽  
Bang-Ce Ye ◽  
Chun Li
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Growth Strain ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Pepper Plants

This study aimed at evaluating the ability of SL-44 to controlRhizoctonia solaniand promote pepper(Capsicum annuum)growth. Strain SL-44 was isolated from plant rhizosphere and the pot experiment results indicated that the dry and fresh weights of pepper in SL-44 andRhizoctonia solani(S-R) treatment were 45.5% and 54.2% higher than those inRhizoctonia solani(R) treatment and 18.2% and 31.8% higher than those in CK (control, noninoculation) treatment. The plant height in S-R treatment increased by 14.2% and 9.0% compared with those in the R and CK treatments, respectively. In vitro antagonism assay showed that SL-44 exhibited strong antifungal activity against the mycelial growth ofRhizoctonia solani, with an inhibition rate of 42.3%. The amount of phosphorus dissolved by SL-44 reached 60.58 mg·L−1in broth and 7.5 μg·mL−1IAA were secreted by SL-44. Strain SL-44 inhibited the growth ofR. solaniand improved biomass of pepper plants. Mass exchange and information transmission between the pepper plants and SL-44 mutually promoted their development.Bacillus subtilisSL-44 has a great potential as biocontrol agent againstRhizoctonia solanion pepper plants.

Effet de composés phénoliques et de substances provenant de l'appareil souterrain de la Pomme de terre sur la croissance et la sclérotifïcation in vitro du Rhizoctonia solani

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
B. E. Otrysko ◽  
G. J. Banville ◽  
A. Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Pomme De Terre ◽  
Composés Phénoliques ◽  
Visible Effect

We tested the hypothesis that phenolic compounds initiate the formation of sclerotia in Rhizoctonia solani AG 3. Water soluble substances were recovered in situ from the underground parts of undisturbed potato plants by adsorption onto columns fitted with a water circulating device. These extracts inhibited mycelial growth of five isolates of R. solani belonging to anastomosis groups AG 1, AG 2, AG 3 and AG 4. However, there was no effect on the initiation of sclerotia. Fourteen phenolic compounds were bioassayed in vitro at concentrations ranging from 10−3 to 10−6 M against these same isolates. Phenolic acids had no significant effect on mycelial growth, whereas the substituted aldehydes were inhibitory at 10−3 and 10−4 M. There was no visible effect on sclerotial initiation.

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