scholarly journals Analysis of human physical vulnerability using static equilibrium techniques of a Hazard flood for the determination of unsafe areas in the city of Catacaos – Piura, Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 958 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
J A Carrizales ◽  
M C Rodas ◽  
L F Castillo
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
National Level ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Static Equilibrium ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Physical Vulnerability ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Abstract Heavy rains and El Niño phenomenon are recurring natural phenomena at a national level. These can cause floods due to the overflowing of rivers, which, when close to cities, can cause both human and material losses. The district of Catacaos, located in the city of Piura, was the one with the highest number of injuries due to the flood caused by El Niño phenomenon in 2017. This phenomenon causes a large amounts of rainfalls due to the presence of abnormally warm waters along the northern coast of Peru [1]. It is for this reason that the need arose to carry out an analysis of the physical vulnerability due to instability of people through static equilibrium, in said district, in order to present maps of unsafe areas in the face of this phenomenon. In this investigation, flood hazard maps are generated simulating the one presented in 2017, using 2D hydraulic modeling. For the generation of vulnerability curves, the instability analysis is performed by moment and drag force. Finally, maps with unsafe areas are made using ArcGis software. Where the results obtained indicate that 29.37% of the city was flooded. Likewise, the vulnerability maps generated show us that women and men over 18 years of age in the city of Catacaos would be vulnerable to dragging and overturning in the face of floods in 16.54% and 13.21%, respectively, of the total studied area. This information will be useful for the development of future evacuation plans during floods, carried out by national entities.

On Abnormally Strong Currents Observed on the Northern Coast of Peru during the 2015-2016 El Niño

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Chang-Woong Shin ◽  
Dimitri Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Layer ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Kelvin Waves ◽  
Coastal Current ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
El Niño Event ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
The Impact

The northern coast of Peru is a region that can rapidly detect the impact of an El Niño. To investigate the effects of the 2015-2016 El Niño on the oceanographic environment of the northern coast of Peru, the temperature and current data obtained from moored equipment at an oil platform were analyzed. Strong coastal along-shore currents of more than 0.60 m·s-1 were observed three times, although the mean current speed was 0.10 m·s-1 flowing toward the south-southwest. After the first strong current, the bottom temperature increased and the mixed layer deepened and remained there during the El Niño event. The temperature reached a maximum after the strong coastal current, then decreased gradually. An analysis of wind and sea surface height anomalies revealed that the coastal strong current was caused by Kelvin waves and the deepening of the mixed layer was not related to local winds, but to coastal Kelvin waves from the equator during the El Niño event.

Legal Rules for the Response and Recuperation Before the Phenomenon of El Niño Costero, Peru, 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 845-848
Author(s):  
Celso Bambaren ◽  
Maria del Socorro Alatrista
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
El Nino ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Municipal Level

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study was to identify regulations that were established and implemented as an emergency disaster response to intense rain and floods generated by the El Niño coastal phenomenon.Methods:A search was conducted for the legal norms approved and published between December 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017, in El Peruano, Peru’s official newspaper. Twenty legal norms involved disaster emergency response, rehabilitation, and the reconstruction of the affected regions.Results:Forty-six legal norms were identified, of which 41% were aimed at the declaration of emergencies and alerts, 22% to facilitate the management of economic resources, and 13% for coordination actions. Sixty-two percent of the approved standards were set for the regional level, 22% for the national level, 7% for the municipal level, and the remaining 10% corresponded with more than 1 level of government.Conclusions:The actions during and after the El Niño coastal phenomenon required the approval of standards included in the legal framework of Peru’s disaster risk management, as well as a large number of unforeseen standards to address existing regulatory gaps and specific problems that occurred during this natural disaster.

Analyzing Fish Condition Factor Index Through Skew-Gaussian Information Theory Quantifiers

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier E. Contreras-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
El Nino ◽  
The Body ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Threshold Autoregressive ◽  
El Niño Event ◽  
Engraulis Ringens

Biological-fishery indicators have been widely studied. As such the condition factor (CF) index, which interprets the fatness level of a certain species based on length and weight, has been investigated, too. However, CF has been studied without considering its temporal features and distribution. In this paper, we analyze the CF time series via skew-gaussian distributions that consider the asymmetry produced by extreme events. This index is characterized by a threshold autoregressive model and corresponds to a stationary process depending on the shape parameter of the skew-gaussian distribution. Then we use the Jensen–Shannon (JS) distance to compare CF by length classes. This distance has mathematical advantages over other divergences such as Kullback–Leibler and Jeffrey’s, and the triangular inequality property. Our results are applied to a biological catalogue of anchovy (Engraulis ringens) from the northern coast of Chile, for the period 1990–2010 that consider monthly CF time series by length classes and sex. We find that for high values of shape parameter, JS distance tends to be more sensible to detect discrepancies than Jeffrey’s divergence. In addition, the body condition of male anchovies with higher lengths coincides with the ending of the moderate-strong El Niño event 91–92 and for both males and females, the smaller lengths coincide with the beginning of the strong El Niño event 97–98.

scholarly journals Aumento das temperaturas extremas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e o desvio ocasionado durante um evento de El Niño intenso (Thermal change in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the deviation caused during an intense El Niño event)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Henderson Silva Wanderley ◽  
Ronabson Cardoso Fernandes ◽  
André Luiz De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The City ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

O processo de urbanização tem o potencial de alterar a característica térmica e aerodinâmica da superfície dos grandes centros urbanos, possibilitando o aumento da temperatura do ar. No entanto, a correlação da intensificação da temperatura do ar em áreas urbanas em resposta a um evento extremo de El Niño é escassa, principalmente no que se refere à cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo visa quantificar as mudanças ocorridas na temperatura do ar (máxima e mínima) na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e o desvio ocasionado às temperaturas extremas durante um evento de El Niño intenso. Os dados de temperatura do ar utilizados referem-se às normais climatológicas nos períodos climatológicos de 1961-1990 e 1980-2010, comparados entre si, e posteriormente, comparou-se as normais climatológicas do período de 1980-2010 com as do El Niño intenso de 2015-2016. Para a análise, dados de temperatura mínima e máxima do ar em uma escala mensal foram comparados. As médias mensais das temperaturas em análise foram submetidas ao ajuste do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, ao teste t de Student e ao teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Os resultados mostraram um aumento médio na temperatura do ar mínima (máxima) de +0,66 °C e +0,73 °C (+1,21 °C e +0,90 °C), respectivamente entre os períodos climatológicos e o último período climatológico com o evento El Niño intenso, entretanto, sem diferença estatística para o aumento da média e de sua distribuição.   A B S T R A C TUrbanization process has potential to change the thermal and aerodynamic characteristics of large urban centers surface, allowing the increase of air temperature. However, correlation of air temperature intensification in urban areas in response to an extreme event of El Niño is scarce, especially in relation to the city of Rio de Janeiro. Thus, the objective of this study is to quantify the changes occurred in the air temperature (maximum and minimum) in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the deviation caused to extreme temperatures during an intense event of El Niño. Data of air temperature data refer to the climatological normals in the periods of 1961-1990 and 1980-2010, and intense event of El Niño occurred in 2015-2016. For the analysis, minimum and maximum air temperature data on a monthly scale were compared. Monthly mean values of the air temperature under analysis were adjusted to the Pearson correlation coefficient, Student's t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results showed a mean increase in minimum (maximum) air temperature of +0.66 °C and +0.73 °C (+1.21 °C and +0.90 °C), respectively between the climatological periods and the last climatological period with the intense event of El Niño, however, with no statistical difference for the increase of the mean and its distribution.Keywords: Urban climate, ENSO, air temperature.

scholarly journals Self-reported allergy to parenterally administered penicillin

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Marta Ljubisavljević ◽  
Slavoljub Živanović
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cohort Group ◽  
The Face ◽  
Skin Loss ◽  
The One ◽  
Parenteral Penicillin ◽  
The City

Introduction: Penicillin and penicillin products are in use in everyday medical practice. The most frequently reported adverse drug reactions are those to penicillin. New penicillin allergies occur more often with parenteral than oral treatment. In patients who are allergic to penicillin, prescribed therapy is more often the one of antibiotics of broad spectrum, and this therapy is more expensive. The allergies to penicillin are immunologically mediated. Scope of Study: to present patients' self-reported allergy to penicillin and report on types of adverse reactions following the parenteral administration of penicillin. Methodology: Retrospective study of the work of one physician in the City Institute for EMS Belgrade in the period from 2017 to 2018 involving 2481 patients. Results: There were 242 patients who reported they were allergic to penicillin, of which 160 were able to explain what happened after they were given parenteral penicillin. The cohort group was between 18-85 years old, average age 49.64 ± 17.24, while 65% of them were females. Most frequently reported adverse reactions were rash, redness and itching of the skin, loss of consciousness, swelling of the face, mouth, arms or body in general. Serious reactions have been reported in about 40% of cases. Conclusion: There is a large percentage of self-reported allergies to penicillin, and only a small number of those who experienced serious adverse reactions: swelling, unconsciousness, coma or shock.

scholarly journals Mental health how (re)constitutive tool in ways of living of visually impaired persons

10.3823/2596 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érico Gurgel Amorim ◽  
Jacileide Guimarães ◽  
Olivia Morais de Medeiros Neta ◽  
Ingrid Gurgel Amorim ◽  
Rafael Otávio Bezerra de Morais
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
The Face ◽  
Impaired Person ◽  
The One ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons ◽  
The City

Objective: to analyze mental health in the face of visual impairment, identifying the stages of psychological distress in the encounter with the not seeing. Method: This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Fifteen adults with visual impairment attended at a specialized ophthalmology ambulatory in a university hospital in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil were studied, from June to August 2015, through a semistructured interview. The speeches were analyzed based on the theory of mourning. Results: the results showed that the mental health of the visually impaired person is structured through a normative apparatus constituted of individual and social attributes dynamically constructed. These attributes are related to the constitution of stages of mourning, characterized by shock, denial, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. The mental health of the visually impaired person contemplates the phases of normal mourning, established before the condition of visual loss, as structuring mode in a process of personal reconstruction, reflected in the ways of walking the life, proper from each one. Conclusion: With this study, it was possible to understand the ways of constitution and reconstitution of people in dealing with a new condition, the one of visual impairment, providing caregivers, family, and society with an ethical spirit and solidarity, more compliant and humane in the to deal with people with disabilities.

scholarly journals La publicidad con ojos de niño: imaginarios infantiles y construcción crítica de significados

Aula Abierta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Andrea Gómez-Montoya ◽  
Ana Castro Zubizarreta ◽  
José Ignacio Aguadez Gómez
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
The City

RESUMENEl estudio pretende recoger la mirada infantil sobre la publicidad para comprender qué sentido e influencia tiene en la vida de los niños y en la forma de construir significado a su mundo. Los niños conviven con mensajes publicitarios, de ahí nuestro interés por recoger su mirada al respecto. Para ello, hemos contado con el apoyo voluntario de 184 niños de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia) con edades comprendidas entre los 7 y los 12 años. En esta investigación se empleó la técnica de talleres, que combinó tres actividades participativas involucrando el dibujo, la escritura y la conversación espontánea. Los resultados del estudio evidencian cómo la publicidad se ha asentado silenciosamente en la vida de los niños generando un imaginario infantil que marca un estilo de vida y una cotidianidad consumista. Términos afines a la publicidad desde la perspectiva infantil son fama, consumo y marcas. Conceptos que tienen presencia en sus aspiraciones y proyecciones. El estudio recoge lo que el niño imagina sobre el tema de la publicidad y cómo la apropia invitando a reflexionar sobre el tratamiento y la generación de prácticas educativas que fomenten que los niños lean e interpreten críticamente los mensajes publicitarios.Palabras Clave: Imaginarios, Publicidad, Procesos de escucha, Participación, Infancia.ABSTRACTThe study aims to collect the children’s perspective on advertising to understand what sense and influence advertising has in the lives of children and how to build meaning in their world. The children live with advertising messages, hence our interest to collect their eyes on it. For this, we have had the voluntary support of 184 children from the city of Cali (Colombia) aged between 7 and 12 years old. This research used the workshop technique, which combined three participatory activities involving drawing, writing and spontaneous conversation. The results of the study show how advertising has settled silently in the lives of children generating a childish imagery that marks a lifestyle and a consumerist every day. Terms related to advertising from the perspective of children with fame, consumption and brands. Concepts that have a presence in their aspirations and projections. The study gathers what the child imagines about advertising and how appropriate it inviting to reflect on the treatment and the generation of educational practices that encourage children to read and critically interpret the advertising messages.Keywords: Imaginaries, Advertising, Processes of listening, Participation, Childhood.

scholarly journals Crime Prevention Through Community Policing Interventions: Evidence from Harar City, Eastern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Melese Teferi Adugna ◽  
Tesfaye Zeleke Italemahu
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

In Ethiopia, community policing has been announced ofcially as a national program in 2005 E.C with the impetus to nullify crimes at lower tiers. There have been growing reports of prevailing crimes in Jenila district of Harar city. Accordingly, this study endeavors to scrutinize the practices of community policing and associated challenges in the study site. A mixed research deign was used to fetch out primary and secondary data sets. Hence, the participants’ views were captured through questionnaires, key informant interviews and focused group discussions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, bar graph and percentages. The fnding of the study revealed that a greater proportions of the respondents recognized that community policing practices had contributed in preventing crimes; burglary 94 (27%) and robbery 77 (22%) as most frequently recurring and reported types of crimes in the city. While community policing structures and concerned actors operate to smoothly run the programs, there were cropping up predicaments at the grass root levels. Limited awareness among the residents, inadequate fnancial resources and professionally ill-qualifed human power were reported as major obstructions. In the face of increasing crimes, both in terms of intensity and types on the one hand, and intricate challenges to penetrate through on the other hand, the communities of residents aspire to dive deep with a sense of ownership and exploit the opportunities for intensifying the programs stated in community policing programs. Eventually, there was need to move in concerted manner to lessen the impacts of crimes in Jenila district of Harar city.  

scholarly journals Learning from Climate Variability: Adaptive Governance and the Pacific ENSO Applications Center

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda H. Lynch ◽  
Ronald D. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Adaptive Governance ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Face

Abstract Adaptive governance is a pattern that began to emerge from conflicts over natural resources in the American West a few decades ago. This was a pragmatic response to the emerging evidence that effective control was dispersed among multiple authorities and interest groups, that efficiency was only one of the many goals to be reconciled in policy decision processes, and that science itself was politically contested. Climate change as a policy problem exhibits many of these same features and has similarly led to gridlock in international and national forums. But humankind is not without guidance in securing the protection of life, limb, and livelihood in the face of environmental distress, particularly with regard to the challenge of adaptation. One effective analogy can be drawn to adaptations in the face of large climate variability such as El Niño. This paper compares adaptive governance with the tradition of scientific management in the international climate change regime, and it explores an example of adaptive governance in responding to the effects of a severe El Niño event in the Pacific islands. This event illustrates some of the specific kinds of human choices that will be made by those who are concerned about climate change as a policy problem. The basic choice is not scientific management or adaptive governance but continuing with business as usual or opening the frame to a wider range of possibilities.

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