scholarly journals Aumento das temperaturas extremas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e o desvio ocasionado durante um evento de El Niño intenso (Thermal change in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the deviation caused during an intense El Niño event)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Henderson Silva Wanderley ◽  
Ronabson Cardoso Fernandes ◽  
André Luiz De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The City ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

O processo de urbanização tem o potencial de alterar a característica térmica e aerodinâmica da superfície dos grandes centros urbanos, possibilitando o aumento da temperatura do ar. No entanto, a correlação da intensificação da temperatura do ar em áreas urbanas em resposta a um evento extremo de El Niño é escassa, principalmente no que se refere à cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo visa quantificar as mudanças ocorridas na temperatura do ar (máxima e mínima) na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e o desvio ocasionado às temperaturas extremas durante um evento de El Niño intenso. Os dados de temperatura do ar utilizados referem-se às normais climatológicas nos períodos climatológicos de 1961-1990 e 1980-2010, comparados entre si, e posteriormente, comparou-se as normais climatológicas do período de 1980-2010 com as do El Niño intenso de 2015-2016. Para a análise, dados de temperatura mínima e máxima do ar em uma escala mensal foram comparados. As médias mensais das temperaturas em análise foram submetidas ao ajuste do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, ao teste t de Student e ao teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Os resultados mostraram um aumento médio na temperatura do ar mínima (máxima) de +0,66 °C e +0,73 °C (+1,21 °C e +0,90 °C), respectivamente entre os períodos climatológicos e o último período climatológico com o evento El Niño intenso, entretanto, sem diferença estatística para o aumento da média e de sua distribuição.   A B S T R A C TUrbanization process has potential to change the thermal and aerodynamic characteristics of large urban centers surface, allowing the increase of air temperature. However, correlation of air temperature intensification in urban areas in response to an extreme event of El Niño is scarce, especially in relation to the city of Rio de Janeiro. Thus, the objective of this study is to quantify the changes occurred in the air temperature (maximum and minimum) in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the deviation caused to extreme temperatures during an intense event of El Niño. Data of air temperature data refer to the climatological normals in the periods of 1961-1990 and 1980-2010, and intense event of El Niño occurred in 2015-2016. For the analysis, minimum and maximum air temperature data on a monthly scale were compared. Monthly mean values of the air temperature under analysis were adjusted to the Pearson correlation coefficient, Student's t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results showed a mean increase in minimum (maximum) air temperature of +0.66 °C and +0.73 °C (+1.21 °C and +0.90 °C), respectively between the climatological periods and the last climatological period with the intense event of El Niño, however, with no statistical difference for the increase of the mean and its distribution.Keywords: Urban climate, ENSO, air temperature.

scholarly journals The influence of El-Nino on microclimate change and soil water content in Gambung tea plantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdiansyah Rezamela ◽  
Salwa Lubnan Dalimoenthe
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

The very strong intensity of 2015 El-Nino affected on microclimate change and soil water content of Gambung Tea Plantation. The observation results indicated that in the year of 2015 Gambung was experienced four dry months (with rainfall <60 mm), with maximum air temperature 30,8ºC and air humidity dropped to 65%. These condition were not suitable for tea plant to grow well, which normally required two dry months at minimum (rainfall < 60 mm), air temperature of 18–25ºC, and with relative humidity of above 70%. The affected areas by drought were present in a map (see Figure 3 of the text). About 65% of the total blocks (north section about 80% and south section about 50%) of Gambung tea plantation were affected by drought. The worst affected were blocks A6 (north section) and B8 (south section). In these blocks, about 54.70% of plant were in normal growth condition; 14.65% were in temporary and permanent wilting status; 25.34% in the state of dropping their leaves; 5.19% of the plants with dried buds twigs, and 0.12% with dried twigs and dried old branches. The soil water content (at 10 cm depth) in these blocks dropped to 7.02% and 4.99% from normally required at minimum 30%.

scholarly journals A new approach for highly resolved air temperature measurements in urban areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1001-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buttstädt ◽  
T. Sachsen ◽  
G. Ketzler ◽  
H. Merbitz ◽  
C. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The City

Abstract. In different fields of applied local climate investigation, highly resolved data of air temperature are of great importance. As a part of the research programme entitled City2020+, which deals with future climate conditions in agglomerations, this study focuses on increasing the quantity of urban air temperature data intended for the analysis of their spatial distribution. A new measurement approach using local transport buses as "riding thermometers" is presented. By this means, temperature data with a very high temporal and spatial resolution could be collected during scheduled bus rides. The data obtained provide the basis for the identification of thermally affected areas and for the investigation of factors in urban structure which influence the thermal conditions. Initial results from the ongoing study, which show the temperature distribution along different traverses through the city of Aachen, are presented.

scholarly journals Drought impact in the Bolivian Altiplano agriculture associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation using satellite imagery data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1010
Author(s):  
Claudia Canedo-Rosso ◽  
Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler ◽  
Georg Pflug ◽  
Bruno Condori ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Bolivian Altiplano

Abstract. Drought is a major natural hazard in the Bolivian Altiplano that causes large agricultural losses. However, the drought effect on agriculture varies largely on a local scale due to diverse factors such as climatological and hydrological conditions, sensitivity of crop yield to water stress, and crop phenological stage among others. To improve the knowledge of drought impact on agriculture, this study aims to classify drought severity using vegetation and land surface temperature data, analyse the relationship between drought and climate anomalies, and examine the spatio-temporal variability of drought using vegetation and climate data. Empirical data for drought assessment purposes in this area are scarce and spatially unevenly distributed. Due to these limitations we used vegetation, land surface temperature (LST), precipitation derived from satellite imagery, and gridded air temperature data products. Initially, we tested the performance of satellite precipitation and gridded air temperature data on a local level. Then, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and LST were used to classify drought events associated with past El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. It was found that the most severe drought events generally occur during a positive ENSO phase (El Niño years). In addition, we found that a decrease in vegetation is mainly driven by low precipitation and high temperature, and we identified areas where agricultural losses will be most pronounced under such conditions. The results show that droughts can be monitored using satellite imagery data when ground data are scarce or of poor data quality. The results can be especially beneficial for emergency response operations and for enabling a proactive approach to disaster risk management against droughts.

CORRELATION BETWEEN RAINFALL PATTERN AND OIL PALM PERFORMANCE IN SUMATRA AND BORNEO ISLAND DURING EL NIÑO 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Iput Pradiko ◽  
Eko Novandy Ginting ◽  
Nuzul Hijri Darlan ◽  
Winarna Winarna ◽  
Hasril Hasan Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Central South

El Niño 2015 is one of the strongest El Niño. Drought stress due to El Niño could affect oil palm performances. This study was conducted to determine rainfall pattern and oil palm performance in Sumatra and Borneo Island during El Niño 2015. Data employed in this study is monthly rainfall data, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) January-December 2015, andoil palm performances. Pearson correlation between SOI and rainfall data was used to analyze rainfall pattern, while oil palm performances were observed based on morphological conditions. Result shows that southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo suffer from more dry spell, dry month, and water deficit such as 37-133 days, 3-5 months, and 349-524 mm respectively. Analysis of rainfall pattern shows that Jambi, South Sumatra, Lampung, Central, South, and East Borneo are significantly (r ≥ +0,60) affected by El Niño 2015. Oil palms in southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo are suffer from drought stressmarked by the emergence of more than two spear fronds, appearing of many male flowers, malformations on bunches, fronds tend to hanging down, and lower fronds tend to dry.

scholarly journals Increase in Air Temperature in The Region of South Sumatra Province as the Indicator of Global Warming and the Effect on Transpiration of Lansium domesticum Corr.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Sugiarto ◽  
Hanifa Marisa ◽  
Sarno
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature ◽  
Lansium Domesticum ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

Abstract Global warming is one of biggest problems faced in the 21st century. One of the impacts of global warming is that it can affect the transpiration rate of plants that °Ccur. This study purpose to see how much increase in air temperature that occurred in the region of South Sumatra Province and to know the effect of increase in ari temperature in the region of South Sumatra Province on transpiration rate of Lansium domesticum Corr. This study used a complete randomized design with 9 treatments (22.9 °C, 23.6 °C, 24.6 °C, 26.3 °C, 27 °C, 27.8 °C, 31.7 °C, 32.5 °C, and 32.9 °C) and 3 replications. Air temperature data as secondary data obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (MCGA) Palembang Climatology Station in South Sumatra Province. The measurement of transpiration rate is done by modified potometer method with additional glass box. The data obtained are presented in the form of tables and graphs. Transpiration rate (mm3/g plant/hour) at temperture 22.9 °C = 4.37, 23.6 °C = 7.03, 24.6 °C = 8.03, 26.3 °C = 10.11, 27 °C = 13.13, 27.8 °C = 17.87, 31.7 °C = 23.21, 32.5 °C= 25.45 and 32.9 °C= 27.24. At the minimum air temperature in the region of South Sumatra Province there is increase in air temperature of 1.5 °C, average daily air temperature increase 1.3 °C and maximum air temperature increase 1.2 °C.

scholarly journals The effect of air temperature on forest fire risk in the municipality of Negotin

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Stanimir Zivanovic ◽  
Milena Gocic ◽  
Radomir Ivanovic ◽  
Natasa Martic-Bursac
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature ◽  
Forest Fire Risk

Fires in nature are caused by moisture content in the burning material, which is dependent on the values of the climatic elements. The occurrence of these fires in Serbia is becoming more common, depending on the intensity and duration have a major impact on the state of vegetation. The aim of this study was to determine the association between changes in air temperature and the dynamics of the appearance of forest fires. To study the association of these properties were used Pearson correlation coefficients. The analysis is based on meteorological data obtained from meteorological station in Negotin for the period 1991-2010. Research has found that the annual number of fires, correlating with an average annual air temperature (p = 0.317, ? = 0.21). Also, it was found that the annual number of fires positive, medium intensity, correlate with the absolute maximum air temperature (p = 0.578, ? = 0.26), but not statistically significant (p> 0.05).

Assessing the seasonal variability of shallow underground waters quality from a volcanic – sedimentary formation during El Niño event in Panama

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Luis Miranda Montenegro ◽  
Ana Garcia ◽  
Raizha Batista ◽  
Obdulia de Montilla ◽  
Arkin Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
El Niño Event ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Groundwater Reserves

Abstract Providing drinking water to growing populations has become a worldwide concern. Therefore, in many countries some groundwater reserves are now being used to supply drinking water in remote urban areas. The state of these groundwater reserves is strongly influenced by the local geological conditions. Furthermore, climate change has caused a decrease in the periodicity of environmental conditions such as rainfalls, a key driver in replenishing these reserves. In 2019, the weak El Niño event affected the rainfall pattern, as well as physical and chemical quality of shallow ground waters in Panama. Within this study, the northwestern central region of Panama groundwaters have been systematically characterized during El Niño 2018 – 2019 event. Our results indicate that changes in values of physicochemical parameters such as alkalinity, pH and conductivity are related to changes in the amount of rainfall reported in the region starting from dry season (DS) to the rainy season (RS). Chloride was recorded as an indicator of anthropogenic activity and/or the effect of human populations on specific sites in the aquifer recharge zones. Lead (Pb2+), Zinc (Zn2+), Manganese (Mn2+), and Copper (Cu2+) concentrations in the groundwater were evaluated during the DS and RS 2019. Recorded data indicates sub – lethal concentrations of Pb2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ were associated to changes in alkalinity values of groundwater during the DS. While during the RS, a decrease in pH values favored the dissolution of Cu2+ and Zn2+. Our findings suggest that seasonal rainfall deficits modify shallow underground water alkalinity and pH values, inducing the redissolution of Pb2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Cu 2+and exposing populations to sub – lethal concentrations of those microelements.

scholarly journals Interannual Variability of Summer Surface Air Temperature over Central India: Implications for Monsoon Onset

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1693-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Qiang Zhou ◽  
Renhe Zhang ◽  
Shang-Ping Xie
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Central India ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
Summer Monsoon Onset ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract Year-to-year variability of surface air temperature (SAT) over central India is most pronounced in June. Climatologically over central India, SAT peaks in May, and the transition from the hot premonsoon to the cooler monsoon period takes place around 9 June, associated with the northeastward propagation of intraseasonal convective anomalies from the western equatorial Indian Ocean. Positive (negative) SAT anomalies during June correspond to a delayed (early) Indian summer monsoon onset and tend to occur during post–El Niño summers. On the interannual time scale, positive SAT anomalies of June over central India are associated with positive SST anomalies over both the equatorial eastern–central Pacific and Indian Oceans, representing El Niño effects in developing and decay years, respectively. Although El Niño peaks in winter, the correlations between winter El Niño and Indian SAT peak in the subsequent June, representing a post–El Niño summer capacitor effect associated with positive SST anomalies over the north Indian Ocean. These results have important implications for the prediction of Indian summer climate including both SAT and summer monsoon onset over central India.

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