Correction to: Novel Insight into Potential Leishmanicidal Activities of Transdermal Patches of Nigella Sativa: Formulation Development, Physical Characterizations, and In vitro/In vivo Assays by Kahn et al. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 2021;19:339–349. DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.035

Abstract Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common type of Leishmaniasis which annually affects 1.5 million people worldwide. About 90% of cases are reported from countries such as Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the present study was to fabricate transdermal patches of Nigella sativa (NS), characterize and to check its in vitro in vivo anti-Lieshmanial activity. Hydroalcohlic extract was analyzed for preliminary phytochemicals. Five formulations of transdermal patches (NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4 and NS5) were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The optimized formulation NS5 was characterized for FTIR, smoothness, brittleness, clarity, thickness, folding endurance, uniformity of weight, percent moisture content, in-vitro drug release, release kinetics, ex vivo drug permeation and in-vitro anti-Lieshmanial activity. In vivo anti-Lieshmanial activity was assessed in 30 patients (n = 30) suffering from CL. The FTIR studies showed no incompatibility among the active extract and polymers. In vitro anti-Lieshmanial assay was 194.6 ± 1.88 % as compared to standard drug (p > 0.05) and in vivo anti-Lieshmanial activity was 75 %. The drug release after 24 hours was 87.0 ± 0.94% in NS5 which showed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism while drug permeation across rabbit skin after 24 hours was up to 80.0 ± 0.91%. The results concluded that problems related to the medications parenterally used for Lieshmanial treatment can be managed by applying extract of Nigella sativa seeds in the form of transdermal patch.

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Cytotoxic and Chemopreventive Effects of Gemin D Against Different Mutagens Using In Vitro and In Vivo Assays

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520616666160906092502 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 712-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cristiene Costa Carneiro ◽

Aroldo Vieira de Moraes-Filho ◽

Amanda Silva Fernandes ◽

Suzana da Costa Santos ◽

Daniela de Melo e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vivo Assays

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Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Current Findings,Challenges, and Future Applications

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11060411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 411

Author(s):

Nader Kameli ◽

Anya Dragojlovic-Kerkache ◽

Paul Savelkoul ◽

Frank R. Stassen

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Conducting Research ◽

Protocol Standardization ◽

Insight Into

In recent years, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have gained the interest of many experts in fields such as microbiology and immunology, and research in this field has exponentially increased. These nano-sized particles have provided researchers with a number of interesting findings, making their application in human health and disease very promising. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that PDEVs can exhibit a multitude of effects, suggesting that these vesicles may have many potential future applications, including therapeutics and nano-delivery of compounds. While the preliminary results are promising, there are still some challenges to face, such as a lack of protocol standardization, as well as knowledge gaps that need to be filled. This review aims to discuss various aspects of PDEV knowledge, including their preliminary findings, challenges, and future uses, giving insight into the complexity of conducting research in this field.

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Thymoquinone, a Dietary Bioactive Compound, Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Colitis by Stimulating Expression of the Colonic Epithelial PPAR-γ Transcription Factor

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1343

Author(s):

Balaji Venkataraman ◽

Saeeda Almarzooqi ◽

Vishnu Raj ◽

Abdullah T. Alhassani ◽

Ahmad S. Alhassani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Activity Index ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Ppar Γ ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Ht 29

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. Here, we investigated thymoquinone (TQ), a naturally occurring phytochemical present in Nigella sativa, for anti-inflammatory effects in colonic inflammation. To address this, we used in vivo (mice) and in vitro (HT-29 cells) models in this investigation. Our results showed that TQ treatment significantly reduced the disease activity index (DAI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and protected colon microscopic architecture. In addition, TQ also reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators at both the mRNA and protein levels. Further, TQ decreased phosphorylation of the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins and enhanced colon epithelial PPAR-γ transcription factor expression. TQ significantly decreased proinflammatory chemokines (CXCL-1 and IL-8), and mediator (COX-2) mRNA expression in HT-29 cells treated with TNF-α. TQ also increased HT-29 PPAR-γ mRNA, PPAR-γ protein expression, and PPAR-γ promoter activity. These results indicate that TQ inhibits MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and transcriptionally regulates PPAR-γ expression to induce potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro models of colon inflammation.

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Cork Oak Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Diplodia corticola

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof6040287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Daniela Costa ◽

Rui M. Tavares ◽

Paula Baptista ◽

Teresa Lino-Neto

Keyword(s):

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Cork Oak ◽

In Vivo Assays ◽

Oak Trees ◽

Treatment Measures ◽

Dual Plate ◽

Antagonistic Potential ◽

Selection Of

An increase in cork oak diseases caused by Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Diplodia corticola has been reported in the last decade. Due to the high socio-economic and ecologic importance of this plant species in the Mediterranean Basin, the search for preventive or treatment measures to control these diseases is an urgent need. Fungal endophytes were recovered from cork oak trees with different disease severity levels, using culture-dependent methods. The results showed a higher number of potential pathogens than beneficial fungi such as cork oak endophytes, even in healthy plants. The antagonist potential of a selection of eight cork oak fungal endophytes was tested against B. mediterranea and D. corticola by dual-plate assays. The tested endophytes were more efficient in inhibiting D. corticola than B. mediterranea growth, but Simplicillium aogashimaense, Fimetariella rabenhorstii, Chaetomium sp. and Alternaria alternata revealed a high potential to inhibit the growth of both. Simplicillium aogashimaense caused macroscopic and microscopic mycelial/hyphal deformations and presented promising results in controlling both phytopathogens’ growth in vitro. The evaluation of the antagonistic potential of non-volatile and volatile compounds also revealed that A. alternata compounds could be further explored for inhibiting both pathogens. These findings provide valuable knowledge that can be further explored in in vivo assays to find a suitable biocontrol agent for these cork oak diseases.

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Peptide drugs for photopharmacology: how much of a safety advantage can be gained by photocontrol?

Future Drug Discovery ◽

10.4155/fdd-2019-0033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. FDD28 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Oleg Babii ◽

Sergii Afonin ◽

Tim Schober ◽

Liudmyla V Garmanchuk ◽

Liudmyla I Ostapchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Cancer Model ◽

Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽

Insight Into ◽

Safety Advantage ◽

Murine Cancer Model

Aim: To verify whether photocontrol of biological activity could augment safety of a chemotherapeutic agent. Materials & methods: LD50 values for gramicidin S and photoisomeric forms of its photoswitchable diarylethene-containing analogs were determined using mice. The results were compared with data obtained from cell viability measurements taken for the same compounds. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination (ADME) tests using a murine cancer model were conducted to get insight into the underlying reasons for the observed in vivo toxicity. Results: While in vitro cytotoxicity values of the photoisomers differed substantially, the differences in the observed LD50 values were less pronounced due to unfavorable pharmacokinetic parameters. Conclusion: Despite unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties as in the representative case studied here, there is an overall advantage to be gained in the safety profile of a chemotherapeutic agent via photocontrol. Nevertheless, optimization of the pharmacokinetic parameters of photoisomers is an important issue to be addressed during the development of photopharmacological drugs.

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Dissemination of Rat Cytomegalovirus through Infected Granulocytes and Monocytes In Vitro and In Vivo

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.77.20.11274-11278.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (20) ◽

pp. 11274-11278 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

B. W. A. van der Strate ◽

J. L. Hillebrands ◽

S. S. Lycklama à Nijeholt ◽

L. Beljaars ◽

C. A. Bruggeman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intravenous Injection ◽

Systemic Infection ◽

Insight Into

ABSTRACT The role of leukocytes in the in vivo dissemination of cytomegalovirus was studied in this experiment. Rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) could be transferred to rat granulocytes and monocytes by cocultivation with RCMV-infected fibroblasts in vitro. Intravenous injection of purified infected granulocytes or monocytes resulted in a systemic infection in rats, indicating that our model is a powerful tool to gain further insight into CMV dissemination and the development of new antivirals.

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Formulation development and in vitro–in vivo assessment of protransfersomal gel of anti-resorptive drug in osteoporosis treatment

International Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121060 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 121060

Author(s):

Suman Gyanewali ◽

Prashant Kesharwani ◽

Afsana ◽

Farhan Jalees Ahmad ◽

Ritu Trivedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osteoporosis Treatment ◽

Formulation Development ◽

In Vivo Assessment

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Bioinspired organometallic chemistry

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac200274010115 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 115-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Lanny S. Liebeskind ◽

Jiri Srogl ◽

Cecile Savarin ◽

Concepcion Polanco

Keyword(s):

Organometallic Chemistry ◽

Refractory Metal ◽

Redox Active ◽

The Stability ◽

New Procedures ◽

Sulfur Containing ◽

Insight Into

Given the stability of the bond between a mercaptide ligand and various redox-active metals, it is of interest that Nature has evolved significant metalloenzymatic processes that involve key interactions of sulfur-containing functionalities with metals such as Ni, Co, Cu, and Fe. From a chemical perspective, it is striking that these metals can function as robust biocatalysts in vivo, even though they are often "poisoned" as catalysts in vitro through formation of refractory metal thiolates. Insight into the nature of this chemical discrepancy is under study in order to open new procedures in synthetic organic and organometallic chemistry.

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