ORIGINAL RESEARCH: Production of ethanol from wheat straw by pretreatment and fermentation at high dry matter concentrations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers fed on the diets containing sugarcane in natura or ensiled with two levels of concentrate (30% and 70%). A total of 32 males of 394 kg of body weight were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and seven repetitions. The animals reported a high dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05) when fed on the high concentrate levels. The increase in concentrate levels resulted in an approximately 25% to 60% higher DMI as compared to the lowest level offered by silage-based diets and sugarcane in natura. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter were observed in the diets based on sugarcane in natura (P < 0.05). The sugarcane based diets also affected (P > 0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the diets for average daily weight gain, carcass dressing, carcass gain, and feed conversion. The diets based on sugarcane in nature or ensiled with 30% and 70% concentrates do not influence the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle.

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Intake and digestion of lucerne hay and wheat straw by cattle 14 to 56 weeks of age

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9910621 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 621 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J Leibholz

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Total Organic Matter ◽

Wet Sieving

Eight Friesian calves, 8 weeks of age, were prepared with rumen and abomasal cannulae. Four calves were given lucerne and four calves were given wheat straw sprayed with urea and minerals. The diets were changed over between the calves every 6 weeks until the calves were 56 weeks of age. The particles in the rumen that passed through a 1 mm screen during wet sieving were 66 to 73% of the total particles in the rumen of calves given lucerne and 77 to 84% of the particles in the rumen of the calves given wheat straw. The digestion of organic matter in the stomach was 71 to 79% of the total organic matter digested in the calves given lucerne. In the calves given wheat straw, between 82 and 95% of the total organic matter digestion occurred in the stomach. The apparent digestion of dry matter in the calves given lucerne was 61-6856 and did not change with age of the calves. The apparent digestion of dry matter when the calves were given wheat straw was 42% at 14 weeks of age, and it increased to 53% at 56 weeks of age. The digestion of nitrogen in the intestine in the heifers given wheat straw increased to 26 weeks of age while that of heifers given lucerne hay decreased.

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In vitro evaluation of salinomycin addition in wheat straw based total mixed diets on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and dry matter degradability in buffalo

Veterinary World ◽

10.5455/vetworld.2012.609-613 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 609

Author(s):

Sunil Sirohi ◽

Navneet Goel

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Evaluation

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Studies on the aerobic deterioration of whole-crop cereal silages

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600054290 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 529-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M. K. Woolford ◽

K. K. Bolsen ◽

Lesley A. Peartt

Keyword(s):

Filamentous Fungi ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Antimicrobial Effects ◽

High Dry Matter ◽

Proteolytic Bacteria ◽

Barley Silage

SUMMARYAs a result of the treatment of made whole-crop barley silage with antimicrobial agents which are specifically inhibitory to fungi or bacteria, it was shown that the subsequent aerobic deterioration was essentially caused by yeasts. These microorganisms were instrumental in the rise in pH, the increase in temperature and the loss of dry matter observed. The filamentous fungi, like one group of bacteria (the streptomycetes), apparently had no part in the process. Bacteria, such as the lactobacilli and particularly proteolytic bacteria, may have had a role in the terminal stages of deterioration, although it was considered more likely that the yeasts again were involved.The whole-crop wheat silage employed in this work was stable in air, a factor attributed to the combined antimicrobial effects of butyric acid present and the relatively high dry-matter content.

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Genetic Variability for Yield and Nutritional Quality in Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus sp.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci10686-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 1079-1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rolland Agaba ◽

Phinehas Tukamuhabwa ◽

Patrick Rubaihayo ◽

Silver Tumwegamire ◽

Andrew Ssenyonjo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

High Dry Matter ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Coefficients Of Variation

The amount of genotypic and phenotypic variability that exists in a species is important for selection and initiating breeding programs. Yam bean is grown locally in tropical countries of the Americas and Asia for their tasty storage roots, which usually have low dry matter content. The crop was recently introduced in Uganda and other East and Central African countries to supplement iron (Fe) and protein content in diets. This study aimed to estimate genetic variability for root yield and quality traits among 26 yam bean accessions in Uganda. A randomized complete block design was used with two replications across two ecogeographical locations and two seasons during 2012 and 2013. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to determine quality of storage root samples. Significant differences among genotypes were observed for all traits except root protein, zinc (Zn), and phosphorus contents. Genotypic variance components () were significant for storage root fresh yield (SRFY), storage root dry matter (SRDM), storage root dry yield (SRDY), vine yield (VNY), fresh biomass yield (FBY), and storage root starch (STA) and Fe contents. For traits with significant the broad sense heritability estimates ranged from 58.4% for SRDY to 83.6% for FBY; and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for SRFY (66%), SRDY (53.3%), VNY (60.5%), and FBY (59%), but low to medium for SRDM (22.6%), STA (15.1%), and Fe (21.3%). Similarly, the genotypic coefficients of variation were high for SRFY (56.7%), SRDY (53.3%), VNY (55%), and FBY (53.9%); and low for SRDM (20%), STA (12.4%), and Fe (17.8%). There were strong positive correlations between SRFY and both SRDY (r = 0.926) and FBY (r = 0.962), but low-to-moderate correlations among quality traits. It should be possible to breed for high dry matter yam beans by using low dry matter accessions due to the observed genetic variation ( = 9.3%2), which is important if the high dry matter Pachyrhizus tuberosus accessions (known as chuin) from Peru cannot be accessed. This study indicated substantial genetic variation for yield and quality traits in yam bean, demonstrating potential for adaptability to growing conditions and consumer needs in East and Central Africa and for genetic improvement through selection.

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