Intake and digestion of lucerne hay and wheat straw by cattle 14 to 56 weeks of age

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Wet Sieving

Eight Friesian calves, 8 weeks of age, were prepared with rumen and abomasal cannulae. Four calves were given lucerne and four calves were given wheat straw sprayed with urea and minerals. The diets were changed over between the calves every 6 weeks until the calves were 56 weeks of age. The particles in the rumen that passed through a 1 mm screen during wet sieving were 66 to 73% of the total particles in the rumen of calves given lucerne and 77 to 84% of the particles in the rumen of the calves given wheat straw. The digestion of organic matter in the stomach was 71 to 79% of the total organic matter digested in the calves given lucerne. In the calves given wheat straw, between 82 and 95% of the total organic matter digestion occurred in the stomach. The apparent digestion of dry matter in the calves given lucerne was 61-6856 and did not change with age of the calves. The apparent digestion of dry matter when the calves were given wheat straw was 42% at 14 weeks of age, and it increased to 53% at 56 weeks of age. The digestion of nitrogen in the intestine in the heifers given wheat straw increased to 26 weeks of age while that of heifers given lucerne hay decreased.

Evaluation of bioavailability of selected minerals from Maize Germ Oilcake in crossbred male calves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dhinesh Kumar ◽  
Neelam Kewalramani ◽  
Veena Mani ◽  
Shiva Gupta ◽  
Deepti Parihar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Karan Fries ◽  
Maize Germ

The objective of this study was to determine the bioavailability of selected minerals from Maize Germ Oilcake. Fifteen Karan Fries male calves of 6-12 months of age were selected and given 1.3, 1.7 and 2.1 kg/d of maize germ oilcake (MGOC) along with 1.7, 1.3 and 0.9 kg/d of wheat straw (WS) in three groups of 5 animals each for 21 days of adaptation period followed by 7 days of metabolism trial. Digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) varied significantly between the groups. Apparent absorption values of Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Molybdenum (Mo) and Zinc (Zn) for maize germ oil cake were in the range of 51.31-56.32%, 44.16-46.16%, 46.09-46.75%, 8.39-12.73%, 7.21-9.59%, 3.38-5.18%, 25.26-27.84%, 46.45-48% and 25.54-26.49%. Addition of maize germ oil cake at varying levels did not have variations in the apparent absorption of minerals.

INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF FABABEAN CROP RESIDUE BY SHEEP

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. THORLACIUS ◽  
E. COXWORTH ◽  
D. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Medium Quality

Voluntary dry matter intake and digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter and energy of fababean crop residue by sheep were greater (P < 0.05) than those of wheat straw, but were not significantly different from those of medium quality alfalfa-brome hay. The results indicated that the nutritive value of fababean crop residue was greater than that of wheat straw.

Response of lambs fed wheat straw-based diets to supplementation with soybean hulls

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gomes ◽  
A. A. Dias-da-Silva ◽  
J. M. T. de Azevedo ◽  
C. M. Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Lamb Growth

A lamb growth and digestion trial and an incubation study were conducted to evaluate the responses to supplementation of a wheat straw (WS)–soybean meal (SB) basal diet with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% of soybean hulls (SH) or 29% ground maize and 1% urea (M/U) on a dry matter (DM) basis. DM intake (DMI) increased with SH inclusion up to 30% of the diet, the increase being higher than with the M/U diet. Straw DMI decreased with supplementation, the depression being more severe with M/U than with 30% of SH (405 v. 522 g/day). Digestibilities of diet organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) increased, whereas OM digestibility and DM degradation rate (DMc) of WS decreased with SH level. M/U reduced diet NDF digestibility (from 45.9 to 42.3%). OM digestibility and DMc of WS were more severely depressed with M/U than with SH at the similar level of inclusion (from 41.5 to 33.0 v. 39.0% and from 2.63 to 2.16 v. 2.49%/h, respectively). Daily liveweight gain (LWG) and LWG per MJ ME intake (MEI) increased quadratically with SH. Predictions of metabolisable protein (MP) either from the data of the incubation study or from the microbial protein synthesis as assessed by microbial purine excretion, showed that MP may have been in excess of the requirements (11–40%) in diets with 30–40% SH inclusion. Although MEIs of these diets were similar, they gave rise to significantly different LWGs (61.7 v. 84.4 g/day; P < 0.05). By contrast, MEI of the M/U diet was 22% lower than of the diet having 30% SH, but both diets promoted similar LWG. On the whole, the results of this study are interpreted as further evidence that ME of the diets is not a homogeneous entity, the balance of absorbed nutrients being a central issue to predicting the responses of the ruminants.

ORGANIC MATTER DISTRIBUTION WITH PARTICLE-SIZE IN SURFACE HORIZONS OF SOME SOMBRIC SOILS IN VANCOUVER ISLAND

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BROERSMA ◽  
L. M. LAVKULICH
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Coarse Silt ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Fine Silt ◽  
Wet Sieving ◽  
Organic Matter Distribution

The surface horizons of some Sombric Brunisols and Podzols were fractionated to determine the distribution of the organo-mineral complexes. The soils were dispersed in water using ultrasonics and fractionated by wet sieving and the continuous flow supercentrifuge. The amounts of organic matter and the surface area of each fraction were determined. The weight of organic matter per unit of surface area increased with increasing size of soil separates. A considerable amount of organic matter is associated with the coarser fractions, with 5, 12 and 49% of the total organic matter being associated with the sand, coarse silt and fine silt fractions, respectively.

Effects of source and content of ash in poultry litter used in diets for beef cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BROSH ◽  
Y. AHARONI ◽  
D. LEVY ◽  
Z. HOLZER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Maize Grain

Two experiments were carried out in order to study the effect of the ash content of poultry litter (PL) on its nutritional value. In Expt 1, broiler PL was incorporated in the proportions of 30 and 45% into diets based on wheat straw supplemented with 20% maize grain. The PL was either fresh (containing 19% ash) or had been heated in a stack (giving 26% ash). There were also two additional diets containing 45% fresh PL to which either ground limestone or wood ash had been added to provide the same ash content as the diets containing 45% stored, high ash PL. An in vivo digestibility and nitrogen balance trial was carried out. Storing the PL, which resulted in heating and an increase in ash content, reduced dry matter intake significantly. The largest and most significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein can be ascribed to the freshness of the PL. Stored, heated PL had a highly negative effect on crude protein digestibility and on nitrogen retention. No negative effect of adding extrinsic ash was recorded. In Expt 2, the nutritional value of layer PL (LPL), compared with that of broiler PL (BPL), was examined using ten beef cows before and after calving. The diet was composed of 45% PL, 35% wheat straw (WS) and 20% maize grain. Daily dry matter intakes were 12·7 and 16·2 g/kg liveweight (LW) before calving and 15·5 and 22·8 g/kg LW after calving, for cows fed LPL and BPL, respectively. Owing to the combined effect of the lower dry matter intake, lower gross energy content and lower digestibility of LPL, the digestible energy intake of BPL diets was almost three-fold, and nitrogen absorption (g/kg LW0·75) on the BPL was 2·4-fold higher than on the LPL diets. Because the ash intake of both diets was similar, it is suggested that the main inhibiting factor of intake after calving was the rumen's ability to mobilize the large amounts of ash-rich complexes of ash and organic matter to the reticular omasal orifice and, consequently, out of the rumen.

Effects of supplements of urea, molasses and sodium sulfate on the intake and liveweight of steers fed rice straw

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (111) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR McLennan ◽  
GS Wright ◽  
GW Blight
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Matter Basis

A pen feeding experiment was conducted in which steers were fed rice straw (0.68% nitrogen, 0.09% sulfur, dry matter basis) with urea alone; urea and molasses, or sodium sulfate; or all three supplements. The role of rice straw as a drought ration, and the effects of the supplements on intake and liveweight, were examined. Urea alone increased roughage organic matter intake by 14% (P=0.07) and total organic matter intake by 16% (P<0.05). Addition of molasses or sodium sulfate or both to the rice straw had no significant effect on intake (P>0.05). A urea supplement reduced liveweight loss from 149 to 86 g/head.d (P<0.05). In general, the small amounts of molasses and sodium sulfate had little effect on liveweight.

Cottonseed for protein and energy supplementation of high-roughage diets for beef cattle

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brosh ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Energy Supplementation

ABSTRACTThe use of cottonseed (CS) as an energy and protein supplement to high wheat-straw diets was studied in a digestion and nitrogen balance trial, and as a component in fattening diets in a feeding trial. The proportions of CS studied were 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 g/kg diet dry matter (DM). DM intake per kg M0·75 was 33, 31, 40, 31 and 29 g, respectively. The digestibility coefficient of organic matter was 415, 463, 417, 441, 350 g/kg DM and of neutral-detergent fibre was 350, 436, 411, 309, 334 g/kg DM. Nitrogen balance was –2·52, 1·1, 5·38, 5·63, 7·60 g/day respectively, for the same order of treatments. The effect of high proportions of CS in the diet in restricting DM intake and reducing its digestibility was evident. The results of the feeding trial were in agreement with those of the digestion trial and indicate the proportion of 120 g CS per kg DM as optimal and maximal.

The nutritive value of citrus pulp ensiled with wheat straw and poultry litter for sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Migwi ◽  
J. R. Gallagher ◽  
R. J. van Barneveld
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

In experiment 1, 4 treatments were prepared consisting of a mixture of chopped wheat straw in different proportions, a fixed proportion of poultry litter and 0, 15, 30 and 45% citrus pulp on a dry matter basis. The mixtures were ensiled for 60 days at room temperature in polythene bags. Ensiling (time effect) resulted in an increase (P<0.001) in titrable acidity level and a decrease in pH in the silage. In titrable acidity, there was an interaction effect (P<0.001) between the levels of citrus pulp and the ensiling time, such that there was an increase (P<0.001) in titrable acidity and a decrease (P<0.001) in pH in the 4 treatments both before and after fermentation. However, compared with the premix, there was a large increase in titrable acidity in silage following fermentation. Ensiling resulted in complete elimination of all coliforms in spite of their presence in large numbers in the mixtures before ensiling. Although the total nitrogen content was not affected, ensiling resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in the proportion of soluble nitrogen. The potential degradability of the silage dry matter ranged from 487 to 582 g/kg and increased (P<0.05) with the level of citrus pulp. In experiment 2, the daily intake of dry matter, organic matter, digestible organic matter and the digestibility of organic matter increased significantly with levels of citrus pulp in the basal silage diet, but there was no difference (P>0.05) in dry matter intake between diets containing 0, 76 and 167 g/kg citrus pulp when the intake was expressed on the basis of metabolic body weight. However, there was a decrease (P<0.001) in intake of silage and diet dry matter, organic matter and digestible organic matter when the level of citrus pulp in the basal silage diet increased from 167 to 272 g/kg. Only animals on the basal silage diet containing 167 g/kg citrus pulp had a higher (P<0.05) and positive nitrogen balance of 1.0 g/day. It is concluded that wheat straw and poultry litter can be ensiled successfully with citrus pulp to produce silage that is safe and of high fermentation quality. This silage has a medium to high feeding value in sheep, provided that the level of citrus pulp in the diet is in the range of 150–200 g/kg.

Utilization of wheat straw in sheep: Using an applicable method of chemical treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Vaheid Chekani-Azar ◽  
Saeid Chekani-Azar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
In Sacco

Utilization of wheat straw in sheep: Using an applicable method of chemical treatmentAs part of research on utilization of straw as a feedstuff for small ruminants, wheat straw (WS) was pretreated with a warmed solution (4%) of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and then treated with SO2 (sulphur dioxide) gases of different sulphur levels (0, 1, 2 and 4 percent, weight/weight of dry matter) for two periods of 1 and 2 smoking days. The chemical composition, and dry matter degradability (DMD) of the neutral detergent fibres (NDF), acid detergent fibres (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) in sheep rumen was determined, as was also the intake of the treated straw and the performance of Ghizle strain lambs. To estimate rumen DMD, treated WS samples were immersed in the rumen for a 72 h incubation period using the nylon bag (in sacco) technique. The chemical composition of the treated WS was changed with either one of NaOH or NaOH+SO2 prior to the rumen incubation, and the amounts of lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses and silica significantly decreased specially in the SO2-smoked wheat straw. Dry and organic matter decreased non-significantly (P>0.05). The rumen DMD rate of the WS SO2-treated for a period of 48 hours did show higher values (P<0.01) compared to those smoked during 1 day. In sacco degradation also significantly decreased NDF, ADF and ADL. The best results were observed with WS SO2 samples smoked to 4% level during 2 days, followed by 2% level with the same smoking period. Although, a higher intake of treated WS was calculated for those smoked by 2% SO2 gas for a period of 1 d, the best performance was observed in lambs fed WS treated by NaOH+SO2 for a period of 2 days. It is concluded that chemical treatment of wheat straw by NaOH (4%) solution and SO2 (2%) gas smoking for a period of 2 days, can be used as an applicable method on a farm scale for better utilization of WS as a feedstuff for small ruminants such as sheep.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document