scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of salinomycin addition in wheat straw based total mixed diets on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and dry matter degradability in buffalo

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Sunil Sirohi ◽  
Navneet Goel
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation

scholarly journals Response of Fumaric Acid Addition on Methanogenesis, Rumen Fermentation, and Dry Matter Degradability in Diets Containing Wheat Straw and Sorghum or Berseem as Roughage Source

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sirohi ◽  
Poonam Pandey ◽  
Navneet Goel
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acid Addition ◽  
Mineral Mixture

An in vitro incubation system was used to evaluate effect of supplementation of fumaric acid at 0, 5, 10, and 15 mM concentration in high-, medium-, and low-fiber wheat straw containing total mixed diets with sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) on rumen fermentation, methane production, and gas kinetics parameters. Three types of diets were prepared with different roughage and concentrate ratio (80 : 20, 50 : 50, and 20 : 80) by taking the representative samples. The roughage part composed of wheat straw (70 parts) and sorghum (30 parts) or berseem (30 parts) and the concentrate part composed of maize (33%), GNC (21%), mustard cake (12%), wheat bran (20%), deoiled rice bran (11%), mineral mixture (2%), and salt (1%). Fumaric acid was added in incubation medium to achieve final concentration of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mM. All the treatment combinations were arranged in 4×3 factorial designs with three replicates. It was concluded from the study that fumaric acid addition (5–15 mM) in diets varying in roughage to concentrate ratio significantly (P≤0.05) reduced the methane production without affecting dry matter digestibility and maximum reduction was noticed at 5 mM concentration.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Prepared with Lucerne, Sweet Maize Stalk, and Their Mixtures

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Musen Wang ◽  
Fujin Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Ying Yun ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH, chemical composition, minerals, vitamins, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lucerne, sweet maize stalk (MS), and their mixtures. Freshly chopped lucerne and MS were combined in ratios of 100:0 (M0, control), 80:20 (M20), 60:40 (M40), 40:60 (M60), 20:80 (M80), and 0:100 (M100) on a fresh matter basis. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate, and a total of eighteen silos were fermented for 65 days. After 65 days of fermentation, the pH values in M0, M20, M40, M60, M80, and M100 silages were 5.47, 4.84, 4.23, 4.13, 3.79, and 3.61, respectively. As the MS proportion in the mixtures increased, silage K, Ca, P, Na, Fe, and Cu concentrations linearly decreased (p < 0.001) and so did vitamins B5 and K1 and α-tocopherol. In vitro rumen dry matter and organic matter degradability, pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acid, and gas production linearly decreased (p < 0.01), while neutral detergent fiber concentration linearly increased (p < 0.001), with increasing proportion of MS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability rapidly decreased when the MS percentage was ≥60%. In conclusion, the M40 silage is the most suitable for livestock utilization in local forage production considering the balance of silage pH, nutritional quality, and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

In vitro rumen degradability, ammonia levels and pH of different spices

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
M M H Khan ◽  
A S Chaudhry ◽  
H Lima Neto ◽  
M R Virk
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Alternative Sources

In developing countries, low quality forages (LQF), like cereal straws are the main basal feed for ruminants. But these forages are low in nutrient contents and so the ruminants cannot utilize these forages effectively which results in poor ruminant health and production. So it is needed to improve the quality of these forages. Conversely, rumen fermentation of these forages may result in considerable energy and protein losses as methane and ammonia N which cause pollution to the environment. So it is needed to find out additives that can also be used as supplements to reduce nutrient loss as methane and nitrogen. It would be desirable if these supplements or additives improve the efficiency of nutrient use in the rumen as well. Herbs and spices can be used as alternative sources. Researchers have been using plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation. But processing extracts from plant products will be costly and will require expensive instruments. Khan and Chaudhry (2008) have reported the potential in using spices to modify degradability and fermentation of different forages. However, it may be helpful to observe the degradability and fermentation profiles of these spices alone before their use as additives to improve forage degradability perhaps by stimulating the fibrolytic and or inhibiting the undesirable microbes. Therefore, this study compared the in vitro dry matter degradability (IVD) and rumen ammonia level (AL) and pH of different concentrations of selected spices at different times.

scholarly journals PSIX-8 Evaluation of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaves as a modifier of rumen fermentation in West African dwarf bucks

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 393-394
Author(s):  
Adebayo O Oni ◽  
Bobby-Joe Ogadu ◽  
Azeez O Yusuf ◽  
A Adebowale ◽  
Oluwakemi Oni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
West African ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Methane Gas

Abstract Recently, bioactive component of plant and plant parts have been used as rumen modifier to reduce methane gas production in ruminant livestock so as to reduce their contribution to the implicated greenhouse effect. This study therefore, evaluated the potential of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaves as a modifier of rumen fermentation in West African dwarf bucks. Fresh C. odorata leaves were harvested, air dried (3 weeks), milled using a 2mm sieve size and bagged for both proximate and phytochemical analysis. Concentrate diets were formulated with C. odorata leaf meal included in the diet at 0, 2, 4 and 6% of the whole diet. Rumen fluids were collected from West African dwarf (WAD) bucks (averaged 25kg) using suction tube and randomly allotted to the 4 experimental diets in a Completely Randomized Design. Incubation of inoculums was done for 96hrs with 12 replicates per treatment in a single run. Data obtained were analyzed using a One-way Analysis of Variance and means compared using Tukey’s Test. Results indicated that C. odorata had 969.0mg/kg dry matter, 175.1mg/kg crude protein, 204.3mg/kg crude fibre, 521.6mg/kg nitrogen free extract, 19.9 mg/kg saponin, 25.7 mg/kg tannin, 10.8mg/kg flavonoid and 12.6 mg/kg alkaloid. The addition of 2 and 4% C. odorata to the diets resulted in increased (P &lt; 0.05) in vitro gas production while C. odorata at 2 % reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the methane gas (%) estimate. In vitro organic and dry matter digestibilities, total digestible substrates and short chain fatty acids were increased (P &lt; 0.05) with C. odorata addition to the diets. This study concluded that the use of C. odorata as an additive at 2 and 4% inclusion increased total gas output; however, 2% inclusion will be beneficial as it reduced the methane output while maintaining higher gas production and digestibility.

scholarly journals Methanolic extract of Urochloa humidicola on in vitro rumen fermentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-513
Author(s):  
Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas ◽  
Delci de Deus Nepomuceno ◽  
Elisa Cristina Modesto ◽  
Tatiana Pires Pereira ◽  
João Carlos de Carvalho Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of the methanolic extract of Urochloa humidicola at four different concentrations (0, 75, 150, and 250 g L-1) on the in vitro rumen fermentation of Urochloa brizantha. The following variables were evaluated by the in vitro gas production technique: kinetic parameters; rumen degradation of dry matter; and production and concentration of the methane and carbon dioxide gases and of the acetate, propionate, and butyrate short-chain fatty acids. The addition of the methanolic extract reduces the production of gases generated from the degradation of non-fibrous carbohydrates (fraction A) in 9.55, 6.67, and 13.33%, respectively, at the concentrations of 75, 150, and 250 g L-1, compared with the control group, but it negatively affects the degradation of the dry matter of U. brizantha at the concentrations of 150 and 250 g L-1. The extract shows negative quadratic effect on gas production during 12 and 24 hours of U. brizantha incubation. The extract of U. humidicola reduces methane production and increases short-chain fatty acid production at the concentrations of 75, 150, and 250 g L-1.

effect of treating wheat straw with sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide on the in Vitro dry matter digestibility

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Farm Scale

That alkali treatments can improve the nutritional quality of poor quality roughages has long been established (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). However, their effectiveness is limited by their potential hazards to the animals and mankind. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has recently emerged as a possible substitute (Gould, 1985) but its farm scale application is limited by the need for high amounts of chemicals and water. Lack of any information regarding its effectiveness over NaOH alone is another factor which requires further investigation. The present study was, therefore, planned to assess the effectiveness of pH-regulated (11.5±0.2) H2O2 (AHP) in improving the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of wheat straw (WS, Avalon) under different laboratory conditions. The possibility of using CaO on its own or to regulate pH for AHP was also tested.

scholarly journals Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M. Joch ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
B. Hučko
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

In vitromicrobial growth and rumen fermentation of different substrates as affected by the addition of disodium malate

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Tejido ◽  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
R. García-Martínez ◽  
M. D. Carro
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Microbial N

AbstractThe effects of two concentrations of disodium malate on thein vitrofermentation of three substrates differing in their forage: concentrate ratio (0·8: 0·2, 0·5: 0·5 and 0·2: 0·8; g/g dry matter; low-, medium- and high-concentrate substrates, respectively) by rumen micro-organisms were studied using batch cultures. Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep offered lucerne hay ad libitum and supplemented daily with 400 g concentrate. Disodium malate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 mmol/l malate and15N was used as a microbial marker. Gas production was measured at regular intervals from 0 to 120 h of incubation to study fermentation kinetics. When gas production values were corrected for gas released from added malate, no effects (P> 0·05) of malate were detected for any of the estimated gas production parameters. In 17-h incubations, the final pH and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production were increased (P< 0·001) by the addition of malate, but no changes (P> 0·05) were detected in the final amounts of ammonia-N and lactate. When net VFA productions were corrected for the amount of VFA produced from malate fermentation itself, adding malate did not affect (P> 0·05) the production of acetate, propionate and total VFA. Malate reduced methane (CH4) production by proportionately 0·058, 0·013 and 0·054 for the low-, medium- and high-concentrate substrates, respectively. Adding malate to batch cultures increased (P< 0·01) rumen microbial growth (mean values of 16·6, 18·3 and 18·4 mg of microbial N for malate at 0, 4 and 8 mmol/l, respectively), but did not affect (P> 0·05) its efficiency of growth (55·5, 56·7 and 54·3 mg of microbial N per g of organic matter apparently fermented for malate at 0, 4 and 8 mmol/l, respectively). There were no interactions (P> 0·05) malate × substrate for any of the measured variables, and no differences (P> 0·05) in pH, CH4production and microbial growth were found between malate at 4 and 8 mmol/l. The results indicate that malate had a beneficial effect on in vitro rumen fermentation of substrates by increasing VFA production and microbial growth, and that only subtle differences in the effects of malate were observed between substrates. Most of the observed effects, however, seem to be due to fermentation of malate itself.

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