scholarly journals The Performance of Steers Fed on Sugarcane in natura or Ensiled with Concentrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Dheynne Alves Vieira ◽  
Andréia Santos Cezário ◽  
Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos ◽  
Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers fed on the diets containing sugarcane in natura or ensiled with two levels of concentrate (30% and 70%). A total of 32 males of 394 kg of body weight were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and seven repetitions. The animals reported a high dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05) when fed on the high concentrate levels. The increase in concentrate levels resulted in an approximately 25% to 60% higher DMI as compared to the lowest level offered by silage-based diets and sugarcane in natura. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter were observed in the diets based on sugarcane in natura (P < 0.05). The sugarcane based diets also affected (P > 0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the diets for average daily weight gain, carcass dressing, carcass gain, and feed conversion. The diets based on sugarcane in nature or ensiled with 30% and 70% concentrates do not influence the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle.

scholarly journals Effects of Replacing Grass with Foliage on Growth Rate and Feed Intake in Goats—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3163
Author(s):  
Cecilia Kronqvist ◽  
Daovy Kongmanila ◽  
Ewa Wredle
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Effect

Small ruminants such as goats have a higher preference for browse species than cattle and sheep. In a meta-analysis of 42 papers describing 117 experimental treatments found by a search performed in June 2021 in PubMed and Web of Knowledge, we examined the general effect of including foliage in the diet of goats, replacing grasses, on dry matter intake and average daily weight gain. The inclusion requirement for a paper was that it described a controlled trial with a control diet of grass and with grass replaced by foliage in the experimental diet. Publication bias was estimated by calculating the Fail-safe n. Random effects analyses were conducted, using effect size calculated as Hedges’ d. The results showed that inclusion of foliage increased feed intake (Hedges’ d = 1.350, SE = 0.388) and average daily weight gain (Hedges’ d = 1.417, SE = 0.444) compared with a grass-based control. The positive effect of foliage inclusion on dry matter intake was associated with lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and higher crude protein (CP) in the foliage than in the grass it replaced. The positive effect on average daily weight gain was associated with higher CP concentration in the foliage than in grass. Foliage inclusion level showed a quadratic relationship with dry matter intake, with maximum dry matter intake achieved at a level of 50–60%. There was wide variation between the studies reviewed, and this variation was not reduced by subgroup analysis based on different kinds of foliage. In conclusion, the addition of foliage to goat diets can increase feed intake and daily weight gain, as an effect of the dietary preferences of goats and of generally higher nutritional value in foliage species compared with natural/semi-natural grass species.

scholarly journals Feed efficiency of Nellore cattle selected for postweaning weight

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2486-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Michel de Castilhos ◽  
Renata Helena Branco ◽  
Tatiana Lucila Sobrinho Corvino ◽  
Alexander George Razook ◽  
Sarah Figueiredo Martins Bonilha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Nellore Cattle

Two Nellore herds were compared, one selected for greater postweaning weight and the other, control, selected for average postweaning weight, to evaluate the effects of 29 years of selection on feed efficiency. Sixty Nellore males (41 selected and 19 control) averaging 205 kg and 267 days of age were evaluated in individual pens during performance test. Performance and dry matter intake were used to determine the following feed efficiency traits: feed conversion; residual feed intake; residual gain; partial growth efficiency; relative growth rate and Kleiber ratio. After the 112-day experimental period, control animals showed lower body weight when compared to selected animals, however, they did not differ for dry matter intake (% of body weight), rib-eye area and fat thickness at the 12th rib subcutaneous region and on the rump region. Dry matter intake (kg/day) and average daily weight gain from selected animals were, respectively, 19.4% and 26.4% higher than the control ones. The highest average daily weight gain by selected animals promoted significant improvement, around 6%, on feed conversion; 70 g/day on residual gain; and 17% on Kleiber rate. The other feed efficiency traits (residual feed intake, partial growth efficiency and relative growth rate) did not differ between herds. The 29-year selection for post-weaning weight did not affect feed efficiency of Nellore cattle.

scholarly journals Productive response of creole lambs fed integral diets with Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. pods

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerónimo Herrera-Pérez ◽  
Ulises Carbajal-Márquez ◽  
Nicolás Torres-Salado ◽  
Paulino Sánchez-Santillán ◽  
Omar Ramírez-Reynoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Samanea Saman ◽  
The Tropics

Objective: To evaluate the productive variables and the digestibility of the nutrients of an integral diet for lambs with increasing inclusion of Samanea saman pods. Design/methodology/approach: 24 creole lambs (initial weight of 20.6 ± 0.3 kg) distributed in a completely randomized experimental design were used. The treatments were: T1, 0%, T2, 12.5%, and T3, 25% of Samanea saman pod inclusion. The productive variables and the digestibility of the nutrients were evaluated and compared with the Tukey test (? = 0.05); meanwhile, the response to the increasing content of Samanea saman was evaluated by orthogonal contrasts. The variables dry matter intake (DMI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) showed no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments. Results: Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) increased (p <0.05) linearly, with increasing pod content. The digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber (DNDF) and acid (DADF) decreased (p < 0.05) linearly as the inclusion of Samanea saman pod increased in the diets. Limitations on study/implications: The substitution of soybean pulp by Samanea saman pod in integral diets does not affect the productive response of fattening lambs. Findings/conclusions: The use of S. saman pod is proposed as a regionally available food alternative in the feeding of ruminants in the tropics.

scholarly journals Effects of varying levels of groundnut haulms and cowpea shell on the performance of weaner Red Sokoto goats.

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
M. Abubakar ◽  
T.A. Adegbola ◽  
M. M. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weight Gains

Four diets containing 16% crude protein were formulated with varying levels of groundnut haulms (GNH) and cowpea shell (CPS). The diets designated as Diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, contained 60% GNHI 0% CPS; 40% GNH/20% CPS, 20% GNH/40% CPS and 0%GNH/60%CPS respectively. The diets were fed to sixteen kids of Red Sokoto goats (two males and two females per diet] for seventy days in order to study the effects of varying levels of GNH and CPS on feed intake, nutrient digestibilities and weight gains of the animals. The results showed that the highest dry matter and crude protein intakes by the animals obtained for Diet 2 were 477.30 g/ day and 77. 85g/ day respectively. The lowest water intake per kilogram dry matter intake was obtained on Diet 3 (2. 421). Animals on Diet 2 had a better daily weight gain (85.41g/ day) compared to those on the other diets. The highest feed conversion ratio was obtained on Diet 4 (7.35). Nutrient digestibilities were significantly (p<0.01) affected by treatments, with Diet 2 having the highest and Diet 4 the lowest. Based on higher weight gains for animals on Diet 2, which indicates a shorter time to attain slaughter weight, dieis containing 40% GNH/20%CPS could be recommended for growing Red Sokoto goats. 

scholarly journals A simple and fast sampling method for chemical analyses and densitometry of bones through rib biopsies in cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Malafaia ◽  
Yury T.G. Salcedo ◽  
Ricardo A.R. Uscategui ◽  
Vinícius C. Souza ◽  
Diogo Fleury A. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Simple Method

ABSTRACT: We developed and evaluated a fast and simple method to obtain suitable bone samples for densitometry and chemical analysis through biopsies of the 12th rib of cattle. The postoperative recovery, dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily weight gain (ADG) was evaluated in 36 Nellore steers, nine of which were randomly selected for the control group and 27 others were rib biopsied. Every 30 days, rib biopsy was performed in nine steers, using a corded-electric pistol-grip drill coupled with a hole saw of a 3mm diameter pilot drill bit. This rib biopsy technique provided a suitable sample obtained in a fast way and allowed the surgeon to work alone with the animal slightly sedated and restrained in the crush. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected in biopsied animals. At the end of the experimental period (116 days) the average daily weight gain (ADG) was similar in the steers biopsied or not. The described method provided rib samples from cattle suitable for densitometry and chemical analysis of bone tissue without effects on health and performance. This information could greatly increase the accuracy for the diagnosis of phosphorus deficiency in cattle raised on pasture and allow the evaluation of bone metabolism in experimental animals.

scholarly journals Digestive parameters during gestation of Holstein heifers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Marcela Vieira Pereira ◽  
Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Joel Caton ◽  
Anna Luiza Lacerda Sguizzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

AbstractOur objective was to estimate nutrient intake, ruminal flow, total apparent and ruminal digestibility, rates of passage and digestion, ruminal and omasal pH, blood metabolite concentrations, and body measurements during gestation of Holstein heifers. Eleven pregnant Holstein heifers, 8 of which fitted with a rumen cannula (450 ± 27.6 kg of body weight and 20 ± 3.5 months of initial age) were used. All heifers received the same diet composed of corn silage, soybean meal, corn meal, minerals and vitamins, with a corn silage:concentrate ratio of 50:50 (on a dry matter basis), aiming an average daily gain of approximately 1.0 kg. The sampling periods were established according to the days of gestation: 145, 200, and 255 with a duration of 10 days per period. Total fecal samples were collected to estimate dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Blood samples were collected to analyze metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, urea, and glucose). Data were analyzed as a repeated measurements scheme, using MIXED procedure, with differences declared when P < 0.05. Dry matter intake expressed in kg/day increased from d-145 to d-200, and remaining stable until d-255 of gestation. The same results were observed for organic matter and crude protein intake, increasing 15.0 and 35.8% respectively. In contrast, when dry matter intake was evaluated as % body weight, we observed a decrease of 16.7% from d-200 to d-255. Days of gestation did not influence ruminal flow of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber. We observed an increase in the ruminal digestibility of neutral detergent fiber by 20.5%. The apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein changed over days of gestation, with an increase of 11.9, 8.5, and 9.8%, respectively, when comparing d-145 with d-200. The rate of digestion of neutral detergent fiber increased from 2.0 to 3.5% h-1. Glucose levels decreased, while β-hydroxybutirate and non-esterified fatty acids increased from d-145 to d-255. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a reduction in dry matter intake in % body weight due to pregnancy. It also shows an increase in total apparent digestibility through gestation, which imply a greater efficiency of use of nutrients by pregnant animals. Thus, further research is still needed to consolidate such results and to elucidate the mechanism about nutrient usage during the final third of gestation in heifers.

scholarly journals Mineral supplementation of dairy heifers in Marandu-Grass pasture in spring and summer seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto de Almeida Targino ALCOFORADO ◽  
Aianne Batista LIRA ◽  
Carla Giselly de SOUZA ◽  
Edson Mauro dos SANTOS ◽  
Safira Valença BISPO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Tropical Grasslands ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Here in this study we assessed dairy heifers kept in tropical grasslands during spring and summer seasons to observe the effects of two supplementation strategies upon their performance. Sixteen dairy heifers (Holstein 5/8 x Gyr 3/4) with 135.25 kg of body mass were randomly assigned in two supplementation treatments (e.g., mineral salt and protein salt supplement) during spring and summer seasons, divided into two groups of eight animals that represented 4.29 animal unit ha. Initial and final fasted weights (i.e., feed and water withheld for 16h) were obtained before to start and at the end of each grazing cycle (28 days), and then the weight gain (kg animal-1) per grazing cycle was calculated by the difference between final and initial weights. There was no significant effect (P <0.05) on the intake of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and dry matter digestibility, between treatments (P <0.05). However, there was a significant effect (P <0.05) between seasons; e.g., respective means of dry matter intake (kg day-1,% BW g / kg 0.75), intake of crude protein (g day-1 g / kg 0.75), ether extract (g day-1), neutral detergent fiber (g day-1 and% BW) were 3.95 and 2.88 kg, 2.54 and 1.65%, 89.27 and 59.56 g kg0.75, 429.89 and 298.43 g day-1, 9.72 and 6.18 g kg0.75, 118.79 and 84.07 g day-1, 2.90 and 2.05 kg day-1, 1.86 and 1.18%, for Spring and Summer seasons. Moreover, the dry matter intake (% BW and g kg 0.75 of DM) were higher (P < 0.05) during the spring season (e.g., 2.53 vs 1.64 % BW; and 89.26 vs 59.56 g kg0.75 DM).

scholarly journals Ractopamine hydrochloride on performance and carcass traits of confined Nellores cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1830-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luis Kill ◽  
Ismail Ramalho Haddade ◽  
Iron Cardoso dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
Alberto Chambela Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Positive Effect

The effect of four levels of inclusion (0; 450; 900 and 1,350g T-1) of Ractopamine hydrochloride was assessed concerning weight gain, feed conversion, dry matter intake, carcass traits and quality of castrated male cattle meat in confinement. Forty Nellore steers were used, with an average age of 26 months and initial average weight of 423.4±2.7kg, in a randomized block experimental design with four treatments and ten replications. The diet was fixed with the ratio of forage to concentrate dry matter of 75.3:24.7. A Linear positive effect observed was the inclusion of Ractopamine on daily weight gain and linear negative effect on feed conversion, highlighting the improvements with the increasing inclusion of Ractopamine hydrochloride. In relation to carcass traits, the linear effect was negative for fat thickness and no differences were found regarding the hot carcass weight ; carcass yield; area, width and depth of rib eye area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, and noble courts. In relation to dry matter intake, the comparison of the treatments demonstrated that Ractopamine didn't influence negatively, which highlights its positive effect on the animal performance. The use of Ractopamine improves performance and decreases de amount of superficial fat in male nellore carcass in confinement.

scholarly journals Voluntary Intake, Chemical Composition, and Nutrient Digestibility of Pangolagrass and Stargrass Hays

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
R. Gutiérrez-Vargas ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
A. Ramírez-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis ◽  
The Difference

Pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens) and stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) harvested at 30, 45, and 60 days and made in to hay, were fed to four castrated male ruminants (goats and steers) in individual digestion stalls. The grasses were fertilized at the rate of 4,480 kg/ha/yr with 15-5-10, harvested, sun-dried for 2 days and cut in 3- to 6-cm pieces. Each experimental period lasted 21 days, divided into a 14-day preliminary feed ing period and a 7-day collection period. Each hay was offered at a level of 90% intake, as determined in the preliminary period. Hays, offered and refused, and feces were weighed and sampled daily. Representative samples were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, neutral-detergent fiber, acid-detergent fiber, cellulose, lignin, and silica. Hemicellulose was determined as the difference between neutral-detergent fiber and acid-detergent fiber. Apparent digestion coefficients for each fraction were calculated on all hays and all ruminants. Pangolagrass dry-matter intake was significantly (P < .01) greater than that of stargrass hay by both goats and steers. No significant differences in dry-matter intake were obtained between hay ages of 30, 45, and 60 days. Goats had a higher dry-matter intake (P < .01) than steers. Significant differences were obtained between hays in neutral-detergent fiber (P < .01), hemicellulose (P < .01), and cellulose (P < .05) contents and between hay ages in crude protein (P < .05), cellulose (P < .01), lignin (P < .05), and silica (P < .01) contents. For digestibilities, significant differences were obtained between hays in dry matter (P < .05), neutral-detergent fiber (P < 05), and cellulose (P < .01); between hay ages in lignin (P < .01) and silica (P < .01); and between ruminants in dry matter (P < .01), neutral-detergent fiber (P < .01), acid-detergent fiber (P < .01), hemicellulose (P < .01), and cellulose (P < .01). Goats may not necessarily substitute for steers in digestion trials; and lignin, but not silica, tends to be a valid marker for determining digestibility.

scholarly journals Evaluation of covering materials in individual shelters and its effects on physiological responses and performance of dairy calves

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia C. de F Fonseca ◽  
Eduardo A. de Almeida ◽  
Roberta Passini
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Asbestos Cement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Materials Used

In Tropical regions, the animal performance is often affected by climate conditions. This study aimed to evaluate covering materials in individual shelters, normally used to house dairy calves, and its influence on the calves physiology and performance. The design used was completely randomized, with a 2x3 factorial arrangement to compare the averages of 5% through the Tukey's test, i.e., both genders- and three types of covering in the shelters (Z - zinc; AC - asbestos cement; and WPAC - white-painted asbestos cement). Parameters evaluated included daily weight gain (DWG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion (FC), rectal temperature (RT), and respiratory frequency (RF). Results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among males (1.04kg/day) and females (0.74kg/day) for DWG and interaction between gender and treatment (P < 0.05) for zinc covering (0.562kg/day for females and 1.120kg/day for males). Significant differences were also observed in FI of animals housed under shelters with the covering of zinc (48.35kgDM/day for females and 96.91 kgDM/day for males). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the FC and the RT, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05) for RF in the Z treatments (56.9 mov.min-1), WPAC (62.2 mov.min-1) and FC (70.25 mov.min-1). It was concluded that different covering materials did not affect performance and dry matter intake of dairy calves. However, the animals' physiology of thermoregulation was altered by the different covering materials used in individual shelters.

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